• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.612-616
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• 1985

A prominent effect of prolactin was observed on the migration behaviour of T.canis larvae in 2 months old puppies, Four cross- breed puppies were used in this studies and each puppy was infected with 3000 infective eggs. One of 4 puppies used for control

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1981

The Purpose of this study was to determine the serum content of LH, FSH and prolactin. Blood samples collected from day 20 prepartum to 20 postrtum in 8 sows. LH, FSH and prolactin were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. LH levels increased from 2.3 mIU/$m\ell$ day 6 prepartum to 5.8 mIU/$m\ell$ by day +2 and remained quite constant thereafter. The mean serum FSH increased from 7.5mIU/$m\ell$ day 6 prepartum to 10.0 mIU/$m\ell$ at the time of parturition, but the difference in LH and FSH patterns reported here provide further evidence that the controlling mechanisms for the two gonadotropins are independent. Prolactin reached a peak mean level of 68.5ng/$m\ell$ at day 0.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.788-795
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• 2009

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis under various physiological and pathological conditions. We found that the VEGF isoforms VEGF120, VEGF164, and VEGF188 were expressed in the bovine mammary gland and bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Expression of VEGF in the mammary gland was significantly higher during the lactation period than during the dry period. Although dexamethasone or prolactin alone had little effect on the expression of VEGF, that in dexamethasone-treated cells was significantly induced after additional treatment with prolactin. Furthermore, the VEGF expression induced by the combination of dexamethasone and prolactin was reduced by PD98059 in a dose-dependent manner. This combination also stimulated the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase in these cells. These results strongly suggest that the combination of dexamethasone and prolactin stimulates VEGF expression in bMECs via p44/p42 MAP kinase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.397-400
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• 1994

The effect of xylazine administration on plasma cortisol, prolactin, glucose and packed cell volume (PCV) responses to immobilization and heat stress was investigated. Immobilization of rats for 2 hours by ligation of the fore and hind legs strongly caused approximately two-fold increase in plasma cortisol and prolactin levels. Plasma glucose and PCV were not significantly changed. Pretreatment of immobilized rats with xylazine (20 mg/kg body weight i.m.) resulted in approximately 20% reduction in both plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations. A marked hyperglycemia and increase in the PCV value was observed. On the other hand, rats exposed to acute heat stress ($40^{\circ}C$, and 60% relative humidity) for 2 hours, also developed two fold increase in both plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations and the pretreatment with xylazine caused a 20% reduction in the levels of both hormones. Plasma glucose level was not significantly changed in heat stressed rats but it was markedly increased after pretreatment with xylazine. PCV was significantly incrcased under heat stress and pretreatment with xylazine induced a pronounced elevation in this value. It was suggested that stimulation of cortisol and prolactin secretion in response to immobilization or heat stress can be partially reduced by an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 1987

It appears that a major determinant of the success of in vitro fertilization is the selection of the optimal follicle containing an oocyte capable of being fertilized and producing a normal pregnancy. However, the hormonal basis of oocyte maturation is not well substantiated by the as yet available informations. It has been suggested that prolactin(PRL) may stimulate the formation of an oocyte maturation inhibitor and thus inhibit the maturation of oocyte. During the hyperstimulated menstrual cycles serum estradiol($E_2$) levels are markedly elevated, and it seems justified to assume that serum prolactin levels may be elevated since estrogens are potent stimulators of prolactin secretion. This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of the elevated serum estradiol levels on the serum prolactin levels in women undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation with either hMG and/or clomiphene citrate. Serum estradiol and prolactin profiles were measured from third menatrual cycle day to ovulation or ovum aspiration day in 11 normal menstruating women and 30 women who underwent an in vitro fertilization procedure with ovarian hyperstimulation by hMG, clomiphene citrate/hMG, clomiphene citrate. Ovum aspiration was performed 36 hours after hCG administration. The day of ovum aspiration or ovulation was designated Day 0. Serum estradiol levels increased progressively during the follicular phase and this rise peaked on Day-1 at a mean concentration of 1,204${\pm}$189.0pg/ml in Group II(hMG), 1,194${\pm}$167.9pg/ml in Group III(clomiphene citrate/hMG), 1,035${\pm}$195.1pg/ml in Group IV(clomiphene citrate) respectively and on Day -2 of 336${\pm}$34.5pg/ml in Group I(normal control). The elevated estradiol levels fen rapidly after ovulation or ovum aspiration. Serum estradiol values of hyperstimulated groups(Group II, III, IV) were significantly higher than that of control group(Group I) from Day -6 to Day +1, but there was no significant difference of estradiol values among the hyperstimulated groups. Serum prolactin levels increased and peaked on Day +1 at a mean concentration of 60.8${\pm}$14.4ng/ml in Group II, 34.2${\pm}$7.0ng/ml in Group III, 30.1${\pm}$5.7ng/ml in Group IV respectively, but no significant elevation was observed in Group I. Levels of estradiol and prolactin can be positively and significantly correlated in the hyperstimulated groups. However, the increase of serum prolactin levels in hMG group was significantly higher than those in clomiphene citrate/hMG or clomiphene citrate group.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1981

This study was conducted to find out the effects of estrogen and progesterone on body weight, uterine weight and serum prolactin levels on the growing female rats which were ovariectomized. For this purpose, 125 heads of rats (Wistar-Imamichi strain), 28 days old, were devided into 5 groups; OVariectomy(Ovx.), ovariectomy treated with estrogen(Ovx.+Est.), ovariectomy treated with progesterone(Ovx.+Prog.), ovariectomy treated with estrogen and progesterone(Ovx.+Est.+Prog.) and control group. Twenty-five heads of rats were arranged to each group, and changes of body weights were weekly checked. On the other hand, every 5 heads of rats in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after treatments with time elapse for measuring concentrations of serum prolactin and for investigating the weights of ulterus. Prolactin concentrations in the serum were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The body weights were increased slightly in Ovx. in comparison with Ovx.+Prog., Ovx.+Est.+Prog., Ovx.+Est. and control groups, but there were not significant among the compared groups at all observation times. 2. The uterine weights in all treatment groups were decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared with control groups at all observation times. But the weights in Ovx. and Ovx.+Prog. groups were lower than those in Ovx.+Est. and Ovx.+Est.+Prog.. 3. Serum prolactin concentrations were increased slightly in control group in comparison with other groups at 1 and 2 weeks increased slightly in control group in comparison with other groups at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. But compared with control group, the concentrations Ovx.+Est. and Ovx.+Est.+Prog. were high level, and those in other groups were low level in the order of Ovx. and Ovx.+Prog. groups at 3, 4 and 5 weeks after treatment. There were not significant among the compared groups at all observation times. 4. The results obtained in this study suggest that when ovariectomized rats receive 1$\mu$g estrogen and 3mg progesterone daily, that had no effect on body weight and serum prolactin concentrations while significantly effect on the weight of uterus.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.27 no.3 s.146
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• pp.60-65
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• 1988

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1996

Objects : There is considerable interest in the role of serotonin(5-HT) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Cimetidine, $H_2$ antagonist, produces transient increase in serum prolactin(PRL) levels by indirect serotonergic mechanism in man following intravenous administration. Therefore the authors investigated the effects of cimetidine on serum PRL levels of male unmedicated schizophrenics. Method : Baseline serum prolactin level and psychopathology were measured at 9:00 AM. in the two groups(12 positive schizophrenics, 7 negative schizophrenics) and $T_{30}$ levels were measured 30 minutes after intravenous injection of cimetidine (ie, 9:30 AM) Results: 1) Baseline prolactin levels were not different in the three groups. 2) Prolactin levels of 30 minutes after intravenous injection of cimetidine($T_{30}$) compared with baseline prolactin levels were increased all in the three groups. 3) Degrees of interval change from baseline to $T_{30}$ were significantly different between normal control and negative schizophrenics(p<0.05). Conclusion : The prolactin response to cimetidine was significantly blunted in negative male schizophrenics than normal control. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of an abnormality of serotonergic activity, including down-regulation $5-HT_2$ receptors, in male negative schizophrenics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.585-589
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• 1999

Six crossbred goats in their 2nd or 3rd lactation, were administered bromocryptine at 5 mg/day during early lactation of 15-20 days (period I) and thereafter again at an interval of 13 days, bromocryptine was given for 5 days (period II). Blood samples were collected before (-5, -4, -3, -2, -1) during (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and after (+1, +2, +3, +4, +5) administration of bromocryptine in both the periods of study. In period I, administration of bromocryptine resulted in a decrease in milk yield to the extent of 16..8% in comparison to before treatment, and 28.5% after the cessation of treatment. The glucose content of blood increased (p<0.01) as the milk yield decreased without any change in NEFA concentration. During period II of bromocryptine treatment the milk yields did not change in spite of a decline in prolactin level, perhaps the effect of previous treatment was prolonged. A decline in protein and lactose content of milk after bromocryptine treatment in both the periods of study, when prolactin level also declined suggests a role of prolactin in protein synthesis and also a depressing effect on lactose synthesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.571-579
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• 2016

In this work, we prepared a panel of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies to ovine prolactin (oPRL) by the hybridoma technique. Among these antibodies, one anti-idotypic antibody (designated B7) was chosen for further characterization by a series of experiments. We first demonstrated that B7 behaved as a typical $Ab2{\beta}$ based on a series of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Subsequently, the results of a competitive receptor-binding assay confirmed that B7 could specifically bind to the prolactin receptor (PRLR) expressed on target cells. Finally, we examined its biological activities in CHO-PRLR and Nb2 cells and observed that B7 could activate Janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling in CHO-PRLR and Nb2 cells and induce BaF3 proliferation. The present study suggests that i) B7 can serve as a PRLR agonist or PRL mimic and has potential applications in regulating mammary gland development, milk production and maintenance of lactation in domestic animals and ii) B7 may be a biological reagent that can be used to explore the mechanism of PRLR-mediated intracellular signalling.