• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.304-310
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• 2001

This paper describes the analysis of flow field using a projection finite element method. The projection scheme with a pressure correction is presented for the analysis of an incompressible Navier-Stokes flow. The projection scheme is analyzed numerically and applied to the well-known bench marking problems such as lid driven cavity. Finally, the projection scheme is applied to a flow through the automobiles front. In the automobiles cooling system, the flow through its front is very important to a cooling performance. The results show that the flow quantity increases by locating the position of bumper to the further front position of a car. And, the improvement on the suction part below a bumper achieves the more passing flow quantity. The attachment of an air dam increases passing flow quantity causing the pressure rise to the front part and the pressure drop beneath a car.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2001

For a dynamic analysis of a constrained multibody system, it is necessary to have a routine for satisfying kinematic constraints. LU decomposition scheme, which is used to divide coordinates into dependent and independent coordinates, is efficient but has great difficulty near the singular configuration. Other method such as the projection matrix, which is more stable near a singular configuration, takes longer simulation time due to the large amount of calculation for decomposition. In this paper, the row space and the null space of the Jacobian matrix are proposed by using the pseudo-inverse method and the projection matrix. The equations of the motion of a system are replaced with independent acceleration components using the null space of the Jacobian matrix. Also a new hybrid method is proposed, combining the LU decomposition and the projection matrix. The proposed hybrid method has following advantages. (1) The simulation efficiency is preserved by the LU method during the simulation. (2) The accuracy of the solution is also achieved by the projection method near the singular configuration.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

A dedicated catadioptric panoramic lens with the rectilinear projection scheme is designed. The resolution is high enough to provide separate VGA quality images for the respective four directions and the image distortion is less than 0.5%.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.471-506
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• 2018

In this article, some projection methods (or fractional-step methods) are proposed and analyzed for the micropolar Navier-Stokes equations (MNSE). These methods allow us to decouple the MNSE system into two sub-problems at each timestep, one is the linear and angular velocities system, the other is the pressure system. Both first-order and second-order projection methods are considered. For the classical first-order projection scheme, the stability and error estimates for the linear and angular velocities and the pressure are established rigorously. In addition, a modified first-order projection scheme which leads to some improved error estimates is also proposed and analyzed. We also present the second-order projection method which is unconditionally stable. Ample numerical experiments are performed to confirm the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the efficiency of the methods.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.446-454
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• 2018

In this work, we summarize the calculation processes of obtaining a scattering factor using with the equilibrium average projection scheme (EAPS), with moderately weak coupling (MWC) interaction, and obtain the line-shape formula of an electron-deformation phonon interacting system interested in the confinement of electrons by squarwell confinement potentials in quantum two dimensional system.. Through the numerical analysis, we analysis the magnetic dependence of absorption power, P(B) in several temperature and frequency difference dependence of absorption power $P({\Delta}{\omega})$, in several external field, where ${\Delta}{\omega}={\omega}-{\omega}_0$ and ${\omega}({\omega}_0)$ is the angular frequency (the cyclotron resonance frequency). The result of equilibrium average projection scheme (EAPS) in SER-MWC explains the properties of quantum transition quite well.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.5
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• pp.90-102
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• 1993

In this paper, we propose a prgressive image transmission technique using hierarchical pyramid data structure which is constructed based on the projection data of an image. To construct hierarchical Gaussian pyramids, we first divide an image into 4$\times$4 subblocks and generate the projection data of each block along the horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and antidiagonal directions. Among images reconstructed by backprojecting the projection data along a single direction, the one giving the minimum distortion is selected. The Gaussian pyramid is recursively generated by the proposed algorithm and the proposed Gaussian images are shown to preserve edge information well. Also, based on the projection concept a new transmission scheme of the lowest Laplacian plane is presented. Computer simulation shows that the quantitative performance of the proposed pyramid coding technique using projection concept is similar to those of the conventional methods with transmission rate reduced by 0.1 ~ 0.2 bpp and its subjective performance is shown to be better due to the edge preserving property of a projection operation.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.56-68
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• 1989

The methodology in historical demography comprises the three core areas the family reconstitution method at the Institut National d' Ftudes Demographiques(I.N.E.D), the back projection at the Cambridge Group for the History of PopuJation and Social Struc-ture(HPSS). and the household-pattern analysis at the Cambridge Group and at the California Institute of Technology. The paper presents an outline of the family reconstitu-tion method and discusses the problems, both theoretical and methodological, arising from the problematic back projection vis-a-vis the usual inverse projection developed by Ronald D. Lee at Berkeley. Recent developments in the tield of the generalized inverse projection method designed 10 supplement the defects in the back projection and the inverse projection are presented. and for ease of explanation of the parish register data for the family reconstitution form (FRE). pre-modern Korean household register data are presented along with the parish register data of England and Wales that constitute the backbone of historical demography in pre-modern Europe. Possibilities of exploring the household pattern analysis method based on the Laslett-Hammel classification scheme for the mid-eighteenth-century Korean household register data are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2001

Moire topography method is a well-known non-contacting 3-D measurement method. Recently, the automatic 3-D measurement by moire topography has been required since the method was frequently applied to the engineering and medical fields. 3-D measurement using projection moire topogrphy is very attractive because of it s high measuring speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, using two-wavelength method of projection moire topography tested to measuring object with the $2\pi$-ambiguity problem. Experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is capable of finding absolute fringe orders, so that the $2\pi$-ambiguity problem can be effectively overcome so as to treat large step discontinuities in measured objects.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.7 s.172
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• pp.88-93
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• 2005

$Moir\acute{e}$ topography method is a well-known non-contacting 3-D measurement method. Recently, the automatic 3-D measurement by $Moir\acute{e}$ topography has been required, since the method was frequently applied to the engineering and medical fields. The 3-D measurement using projection $Moir\acute{e}$ topography is very attractive because of its high measuring speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, using two-wavelength method of projection $Moir\acute{e}$ topography was tested to measuring object with $2\pi-ambiguity$ problems. The experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is capable of finding absolute fringe orders, so that the $2\pi-ambiguity$ problems can be effectively overcome so as to treat large step discontinuities in measured objects.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-150
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• 2013

The stabilized Gauge-Uzawa method (SGUM), which is a second order projection type algorithm to solve the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations, has been newly constructed in 2013 Pyo's paper. The accuracy of SGUM has been proved only for time discrete scheme in the same paper, but it is crucial to study for fully discrete scheme, because the numerical errors depend on discretizations for both space and time, and because discrete spaces between velocity and pressure can not be chosen arbitrary. In this paper, we find out properties of the fully discrete SGUM and estimate its errors and stability to solve the evolution Navier-Stokes equations. The main difficulty in this estimation arises from losing some cancellation laws due to failing divergence free condition of the discrete velocity function. This result will be extended to Boussinesq equations in the continuous research (part II) and is essential in the study of part II.