• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.253-264
• /
• 2012

In the northwestern Pacific, spawning of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus, occurs at continental shelf and slope areas of 100-500 m, and the optimum temperature for the spawning and survival of paralarvae is assumed to be $18-23^{\circ}C$. To predict the spawning ground of Todarodes pacificus under future climate conditions, we simulated the present and future ocean circulations, using an East Asia regional ocean model (Modular Ocean Model, MOM version3), projected by two different global climate models (MPI_echam5, MIROC_hires), under an IPCC SRES A1B emission scenario. Mean climate states for 1990-1999 and 2030-2039 from 20th and 21th Century Climate Change model simulation (from the IPCC 4th Assessment Report) were used as surface conditions for simulations, and we examined changes in spawning ground between the 1990s and 2030s. The results revealed that the distribution of spawning ground in the 2030s in both climate models shifted northward in the East China Sea and East Sea, for both autumn and winter populations, compared to that of the 1990s. Also, the spawning area (with $1/6^{\circ}{\times}1/6^{\circ}$ grid) in the 2030s of the autumn and winter populations will decline by 11.6% (MPI_echam5) to 30.8% (MIROC_hires) and 3.0% (MPI_echam5) to 18.2% (MIROC_hires), respectively, from those of the 1990s.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 1976

A study was performed to investigate the size of pharynegeal cavity and sexual differences between Korean adult male and female by introducing linear analysis of the lateral cephalogram. The radiograms were composed of 46 adult males aged 24.64 and 52 adult females aged 22.74 respectively. In order to study and measure the pharyngeal area the following skeletal landmarks were selected: S, N, A, Ptm, B, H, H', M, S' N, FH and CV, and the angle CV-FH was measured to provide a factor for correction of error resulting from improper head positioning of subjects, especially in the relative positions of A and H, while radiography. All points to be measured were projected at right angles to the Frankfort plane. For the purpose of measuring the anteroposterior dimensions of pharyngeal cavity the distances were measured in A-Ptm, A-S, S-Ptm and CV-H, and vertical measurements were made in SN-A, SN-PNS, SN-H' and M-H'. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The pharyngeal cavity is broader in the vertical than in the anteroposterior diameter in both sex and the maxium sexual differences were showed in the distances between SN and H', and minimal sexual differences in the distances between S and Ptm. 2. In general, the measurements of male were larger than those of female in the anteroposterior dimensions of pharyngeal cavity, but the distances bet-ween A and S, between CV and H showed significant sexual differences when evaluated statistically. 3. All of the measurements were larger in male than in female in vertical dimensions of pharyngeal cavity, and there were statistical significances of sexual differences in all variables.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제44권11호
• /
• pp.719-724
• /
• 2011

The $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit is the core subunit of the protein conducting channel which is required for protein translocation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this study, we cloned a $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit from Penicillium ochrochloron ($PoSec61{\alpha}$). Sequence and 3D structural model analysis showed that $PoSec61{\alpha}$ conserved the typical characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit homologues. The pore ring known as the constriction point of the channel is formed by seven hydrophobic amino acids. Two methionine residues from transmembrane ${\alpha}$-helice 7 (TM7) contribute to the pore ring formation and projected notably to the pore area and narrowed the pore compared with the superposed residues at the corresponding positions in the crystal structures or the 3D models of the $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit homologues in archaea or other eukaryotes, respectively. Results reported herein indicate that the pore ring residues differ among $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit homologues and two hydrophobic residues in the TM7 contribute to the pore ring formation.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2010

The mycelial dispersed growth of Cordyceps sinensis was optimized in submerged batch culture at initial pH of 5.0, 150 rpm, and $25^{\circ}C$. The morphological data showed much more dispersed growth of C. sinenesis at initial pH of 5.0. Also, projected area, main hyphal length and number of tips for the mycelial growth of initial pH 5.0 were higher than those of other initial pHs. The industrial medium for mycelial production of C. sinensis was determined to be molasses of 100 g and crushed brewery yeast of 10 g per liter as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. With these culture conditions, the maximum production of mycelia was approximately 30.0 g per liter by batch culture in 5-liter jar fermenter with no controlled pH. This result suggests that large-scale mycelia production of C. sinensis may be possible in submerged batch culture. The hot water extract of mycelia from C. sinensis was mainly composed of 83.0% carbohydrate, 11.8% protein, 1.9% lipid, and 2.4% ash and there were present glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose as molar ratio of 8.79 : 2.59 : 1.34 : 1.0 in the carbohydrate, respectively. In the experiment using spleen cell and macrophage, the extract showed potent mitogenic and immuno-stimulating activities and among various components, an important factor that contribute to the immunological activities was turned out to be carbohydrate moiety.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.1471-1477
• /
• 2014

본 논문은 제주 월동무의 중장기 수급전망을 위해 구축된 수급전망모형의 개발 내용과 이 모형을 이용하여 2014-2018년 기간에 대한 수급 및 가격을 전망한 내용을 소개하고 있다. 제주 월동무 수급전망모형은 개별 품목에 대해 구축된 부분균형모형이며, 모형내 각 방정식들은 계량경제학 방법을 이용하여 추정되었다. 중장기 전망에 앞서 시행된 모형의 예측력은 RMSPE, MAPE, Theil의 불균등계수를 기준으로 검토되었다. 예측력 검토결과, RMSPE 기준으로 재배면적, 단수, 생산량, 소비량은 4% 이내의 매우 우수한 오차율을 보였고, 도매가격은 오차율 10% 이내의 비교적 양호한 예측력을 보였다. 중장기 수급 및 가격 전망결과, 제주 월동무 재배면적은 2013년 5,145ha, 2018년 6,650ha에 이를 것으로 전망된다. 월동무 생산량은 2013년 334,434톤으로 추정되고, 2018년 433,310톤으로 전망된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

TRMM/PR (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Precipitation Radar)과 기상청의 C-band 도플러 레이더(제주, 군산, 부산)의 비교는 지상 레이더의 검증을 위해서 이루어졌다. 검증에 사용된 사례는 2000년 하계에 TRMM이 한반도 남부, 약 $36^{\circ}N$ 이남을 지나갈 때 강한 강수가 있는 날을 선택하였다. 서로 view angle, bandwidths와 주파수가 다른 두 개의 레이더를 정량적으로 비교하는 것은 어려운 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위해서 지상 레이더와 TRMM/PR을 동일한 격자로 만들어 동일 영역에서 비교하였다. 지상 레이더로부터 관측된 반사도는 PR에 의해 관측된 반사도에 비해 4-9dBZ정도 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌으며 이는 기계적인 성능이나 지형과 같은 많은 이유에 의해서 발생할 수 있다. 세 개의 지상 레이더 사이트 모두에서 TRMM과 비교하여 30dBZ 이상에서 RMSE가 가장 높게 나타나서 강한 에코를 지상레이더가 잘 관측하지 못하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2009

Objectives : An appropriate sampling strategy for estimating an epidemiologic volume of diabetes has been evaluated through a simulation. Methods : We analyzed about 250 million medical insurance claims data submitted to the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service with diabetes as principal or subsequent diagnoses, more than or equal to once per year, in 2003. The database was re-constructed to a 'patient-hospital profile' that had 3,676,164 cases, and then to a 'patient profile' that consisted of 2,412,082 observations. The patient profile data was then used to test the validity of a proposed sampling frame and methods of sampling to develop diabetic-related epidemiologic indices. Results : Simulation study showed that a use of a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with a total sample size of 4,000 will provide an estimate of 57.04%(95% prediction range, 49.83 - 64.24%) for a treatment prescription rate of diabetes. The proposed sampling design consists, at first, stratifying the area of the nation into "metropolitan/city/county" and the types of hospital into "tertiary/secondary/primary/clinic" with a proportion of 5:10:10:75. Hospitals were then randomly selected within the strata as a primary sampling unit, followed by a random selection of patients within the hospitals as a secondly sampling unit. The difference between the estimate and the parameter value was projected to be less than 0.3%. Conclusions : The sampling scheme proposed will be applied to a subsequent nationwide field survey not only for estimating the epidemiologic volume of diabetes but also for assessing the present status of nationwide diabetes control.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.443-452
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 항공사진과 LiDAR 데이터를 융합하여 항공사진에 나타난 건물의 형상을 표현하는 3차원 선형정보를 추정하기 위하여 두 가지 과정을 수행하였다. 첫째, LiDAR 데이터를 영상과 같은 2D의 투영된 데이터로 만들었다. 이를 위하여 LiDAR 데이터의 특성상 정보가 부족한 건물경계 지역에서 가시성 문제를 해결하기 위해, 가상점을 추가한다. 수정된LiDAR데이터를 불규칙 삼각망으로 구성하고, 영상에서의 가시 삼각형을 판단하여, 영상화소값마다 삼각망 정보를 참조할 수 있게 한다. 둘째, 추출된 가시지역 정보와2D불규칙삼각망을 결합하여 입체영상으로부터3차원 선분을 추출하였다.입체영상에 존재하는 선분은 TIN기반의 정합방법을 사용하였다. TIN기반의 정합조건은 기존의 공액기하 사변형 조건보다 에지정합쌍 탐색율을 약 20% 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제57권5호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2015

The study aimed to project inflows and demmands for the agricultural reservoir watersheds in South Korea considering a variety of regional characteristics and the uncertainty of future climate information. The study bias-corrected and spatially downscaled retrospective daily Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios using non-parametric quantile mapping method to force Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Using the historical simulation, the skills of un-calibrated SWAT model (without calibration process) was evaluated for 5 reservoir watersheds (selected as well-monitored representatives). The study then, evaluated the performance of 9 GCMs in reproducing historical upstream inflow and irrigation demand at the five representative reservoirs. Finally future inflows and demands for 58 watersheds were projected using 9 GCMs projections under the two RCP scenarios. We demonstrated that (1) un-calibrated SWAT model is likely applicable to agricultural watershed, (2) the uncertainty of future climate information from different GCMs is significant, (3) multi-model ensemble (MME) shows comparatively resonable skills in reproducing water balances over the study area. The results of projection under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenario generally showed the increase of inflow by 9.4% and 10.8% and demand by 1.4% and 1.7%, respectively. More importantly, the results for different seasons and reservoirs varied considerably in the impacts of climate change.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2010

Climate change is known to affect both natural and managed ecosystems, and will likely impact on the terrestrail carbon balance. This paper reports the effects of climate change on spatial-temporal changes in carbon reductions in South Korea's during 2000-2100. Future carbon (C) stock distributions are simulated for the same period using various spatial data sets including land cover, net primary production(NPP) and leaf area index (LAI) obtained from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and climate data from Data Assimilation Office(DAO) and Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA). This study attempts to predict future NPP using multiple linear regression and to model dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature. Plants store large amounts of carbon during the growing periods. During 2030-2100, Carbon accumulation in vegetation was increased to $566{\sim}610gC/m^2$/year owing to climate change. On the other hand, soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of carbon dioxide. The estimated soil respiration spatially ranged from $49gC/m^2$/year to $231gC/m^2$/year in the year of 2010, and correlating well with the reference value. This results include Spatial-Temporal C reduction variation caused by climate change. Therefore this results is more comprehensive than previous results. The uncertainty in this study is still large, but it can be reduced if a detailed map becomes available.