• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4357-4361
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• 2012

Objective: The guidelines on indications for prophylactic use of Bacille Calmette-Gu$\acute{e}$rin (BCG) against non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have changed over the years. In order to assess the impact on outcome, the present retrospective comparison of BCG efficacy by time period with Japanese patients was conducted. Patients and Methods: A total of 146 cases of NMIBC treated with BCG since February 1985 were retrospectively evaluated. All patients received 80 mg of BCG (Tokyo 172 strain) six to eight times a week for prophylactic use. Comparison was made among three historical groups (Group A: 1980's, 39 cases; Group B: 1990's, 61 cases; Group C: 2000's, 46 cases). Results: In total, recurrence was seen in 55 of the 146 cases (37.7%), and progression in 14 (9.6%), 1 patient dying of cancer. These overall results were similar to those outlined in previous reports. However, the outcomes of this time-period-based analysis indicated a tendency for a shorter time to recurrence in patients after 2000, although a log-rank test showed no significance (P=0.229). Seven of the cases featuring progression (i.e., half of all such cases) were among the 46 Group C patients (15.2%). Excluding these progressive cases, there was no significant difference among the remaining 132 patients in the three groups. Conclusion: This study results revealed a tendency for a lower non-recurrence rate after 2000 in our series. This could stem from a number of factors, including changes in BCG indication criteria and the evolution of histopathological diagnostic criteria.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.733-745
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• 2009

The contra-sexual phenomenon that is recently focused is one of the new factors, which is focused when explaining the life style of progressive woman's image and it is creating cultural category. Moreover, the contra sexual people that are rising as new consuming subjects are not simple primary consumers but their shopping culture and cultural tastes are giving effects to many people. Because of the tendency, marketer of consuming industry are making efforts to predict the changes of contra-sexual people's shopping habits and tastes. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp contra-sexual phenomenon and research the fashion design aiming at that in order to predict woman's fashion image in the future. Therefore, the study considered concept and characteristic of contra-sexual phenomenon and surveyed its example in the popular culture. And, the study analyzed the formative characteristic of contra-sexual fashion shown in the public cultures such as drama and movie. On the basis of the result, design was suggested by reflecting contra-sexual fashion characteristic under the concept of 'Urban Splendor'. From the results above, it was possible to grasp the concept and characteristic of contra-sexual phenomenon, which appeared as a trend and understand new woman's image and the fashion that has changed because of it. It is considered that the establishment of the foundation of contra-sexual phenomenon, which plays as an important variable in woman's fashion, fashion accessory, cosmetic and advertisement field but it is hard to clarify, by analyzing the work aiming at contra-sexual phenomenon will be helpful for predicting the change of woman's fashion in the future.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.499-523
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• 2017

Objective: This study is to provide a foundation for developing comprehensive ergonomic design guidelines for in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) by giving an overview of existing researches as well as setting further research directions. Background: The drivers get much more information recently while interacting with new safety functions of the cars. To avoid cognitive overload of the drivers, IVIS should be deigned appropriately by considering various human factors and task conditions. Method: We gathered, analyzed, and summarized ergonomic researches concerned with IVIS design conducted inside and outside Korea according to a categorization system proposed in the study. Frequency analysis was conducted for figuring out what kind of issues took major part of the researches, and their trends across time and regions. Results: Compared to domestic researches, those done in overseas tend to deal with more variety of independent, dependent and extraneous variables. The overseas researches also showed a tendency to get ahead in making ergonomic guidelines for IVIS design by adapting and integrating the results from previous researches. Conclusion and Application: There have been many researches regarding with ergonomic IVIS design, but some of their results became old-fashioned as the technology evolved. Not many researches have considered diverse human factors regarding the drivers' characteristics except age and gender. It is expected that researchers and designers take advantage of this study to find and review relevant results and set out issues of their own for more progressive researches of the field.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.23-37
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• 2001

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop and activate anti-tumor herbal acupuncture for cancer patients in South Korea. Methods: We investigated some literatures on anti-tumor herbal acupuncture which is used in South Korea and China, and made diagrams. Results: The results are summarized as follows. Anti-tumor herbal acupuncture is one of the traditional oriental medical method which is effective for cancer patients. In domestic studies, most of herb materials are belong to action of cooling&detoxification(25.0%) and strengthening body resistance(46.4%) which are proved to have effects of anti-tumor, immune activation and preventing tumor. In China, point injection therapy are used for improving symptoms of cancer patients and hea1ing tumor. Also herbal intravenous injection is used for combination of chinese traditional and western cancer therapy and treating cancer patients variously. Conclusions: From the above results. it is expected that anti-tumor herbal acupuncture is useful to improve clinical symptoms and quality of life(QOL) of cancer patients. Also we must develop new progressive methods of point injection and herbal intravenous injection for treating cancer patients, and advance clinical studies and trials.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.7
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• pp.217-220
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• 2018

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic and immune-mediated disease, which is characterized by the progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells. T1DM precipitates in genetically susceptible individuals through environmental factors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of autoimmunity and intestinal colonization of Candida albicans on the development of T1DM. Methods: Forty-two patients newly diagnosed with T1DM and 42 healthy subjects were included in this monocentric study. The basic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. T1DM-, thyroid-, and celiac-associated antibodies were evaluated. Stool cultures for C. albicans were performed to assess whether or not gut integrity was impaired in patients with T1DM. Results: The evaluation of T1DM- and thyroid-associated antibodies showed that the prevalences of islet cell antibodies and antithyroperoxidase positivity were higher in the study patients than in the patients in the control group. Furthermore, the direct examination and culture of fresh stool samples revealed that 50% of the patients with T1DM and 23.8% of the control subjects had fungi (C. albicans). Conclusion: Through this study, we suggest that the presence of intestinal C. albicans colonization at the time of the diagnosis of T1DM may indicate impairment of normal intestinal microbiota. We also suggest that there may be a tendency of T1DM in patients with a high prevalence of intestinal C. albicans.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.554-566
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• 2017

Through the Broadcasting Act, Republic of Korea regulates the broadcasting system to remain neutral regarding particular party or candidate. However, as MBC and JTBC reports the issue of President Park's impeachment in bisected way - conservative and progressive - the controversy aroused. This research paper comparatively analyzed each broadcasting company's evening news by focusing on quantity aspect, reporting tendency regarding trend of public opinion and mass rally and the news frame. Our research showed that both JTBC and MBC had partially reported; JTBC on pro-impeachment rally's side which was called candlelight rally, and MBC on anti-impeachment rally's side, called Korean National Flag rally. Regarding the way how they reported the impeachment, JTBC reported much more in depth than MBC, and MBC reported the process emotionally, standing for President Park.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6472-6477
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• 2014

This study examined the trends of an illustration artist's art marketing widening its area in recent years and proposes a design concept of color cosmetics. Art marketing is a type of culture marketing and means marketing through exhibitions, performances and other artistic activities. Free artistic sensibility expression in which the artistic motif is melted into a product beyond the works of a particular artist, and the product, in turn, can be reflected in the canvas, has attracted attention. The works of illustrators are widening their area into the item in life not canvas. This paper proposes the color cosmetics design that reflect art marketing. The main target who proposed the design concept was trend-oriented and in their early to mid-20s with a strong personality, showing a strong tendency of attracting attention and being recognized. To emphasize the design concept of color cosmetics packaging design, the progressive image of the target class was reflected through brilliant and intense color combination. The cultural value and meaning are provided as the artistic mood becomes a part of life.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.34
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• pp.7-33
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• 2006

This paper try to explain the phenomenon on convergence of broadcasting and telecommunication by the law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit. With the progressive decline in the variable capital in relation to the constant capital in the sphere of the telecommunication, this tendency leads to a rising organic composition of the total capital, and the direct result of this is that the rate of surplus-value, with the level of exploitation of labour remaining the same or even rising, is expressed in a steadily falling general rate of profit. The reason to apply this law is to inquire into the true state of the phenomenon on convergence of broadcasting and telecommunication showed like the disorderly development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.3
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• pp.49-62
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• 1982

This is a study to analyze rural area women's perception and practice of prenatal care, which is the fundamental of the education of children. Further, it was aimed to provide basic data for ideal childbirth, upbringing and household management process. For that object, questionnaires were distributed to women living in Yongdong region to judge the level of general understanding on prenatal care. Research was done from three different aspects; dietary life, emotion control and health management. Percentages were drawn out to see the general tendency. The following results were discovered from data analysis: 1. Most subjects of the survey knew well about prenatal care. They had acquired that knowledge from their parents. Most thought that prenatal care is necessary. They answered that they think prenatal care has more or less effect on the fetus. The first dime they thought about prenatal care was after they found that they were pregnant. 2. The subjects knew well about dietary needs for pregnant women carried out much of what they knew. Intake of sufficiently nutritious food is somewhat difficult, but foods that are regarded as bad were avoided thoroughly. It appears that most women have much concern about what they eat during pregnancy. 3. Most of the subjects understood that the emotional stability is necessary but it wasn't put into practice so well as in dietary life. Especially, attitudes connected with emotional development like, "Look or hear only what is good (for the fetus)" were practised little. Efforts for self-restraint as "Not to hate or pick out others' defects or talk bad about others" were appeared to be great, and it is practised well, too. 4. The subjects were well-informed on health area, but practised little. Behaviors for health improvement as to "Lead a regular daily life for health" or "Not to take a long trop" were practised very faithfully. The results of the survey showed that passive attitudes related to tabooed food, self-abstinence and cautions for bodily safety were prevalent; more positive and progressive disposition missing. That is, full perception and active practices for caloric intake, emotional improvement and physical strength development are needed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.251-258
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• 2014

Purpose: The preferred material for bone augmentation beyond the envelope of skeletal bone is the bone block graft, due to its dimensional stability. We evaluated the necessity of rigid fixation for the bone block graft, and compared the bone regeneration and volume maintenance associated with grafting using a synthetic hydroxyapatite block (HAB) and an autogenous bone block (ABB) without rigid fixation on rabbit calvaria over two different periods. Methods: Cylinder-shaped synthetic HAB and ABB were positioned without fixation on the rabbit calvarium (n=16). The animals were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks postoperatively, and the grafted materials were analyzed at each healing period using microcomputed tomography and histologic evaluation. Results: Integration of the graft and the recipient bed was observed in all specimens, although minor dislocation of the graft materials from the original position was evident in some specimens (six ABB and ten HAB samples). A tendency toward progressive bone resorption was observed in the grafted ABB but not in the grafted HAB, which maintained an intact appearance. In the HAB group, the area of new bone increased between 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The nonfixed HAB was successfully integrated into the recipient bed after both healing periods in the rabbit calvaria. In spite of limited bone formation activity in comparison to ABB, HAB may be a favorable substitute osteoconductive bone material.