• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Statins are thought to have little effect on the progression of aortic stenosis, but the data on their role in patients with aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) are limited and inconsistent. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 541 consecutive patients (214 men, age: $70{\pm}11$ years) with AVS. Each patient underwent two or more electrocardiography examinations at least 6 months apart at Kangwon National University Hospital from August 2010 to August 2015. AVS is defined as irregular thickening of the leaflets, focal increases in echogenicity and minimal elevation of the peak aortic valve velocity (> 1.5 and < 2 m/s). The progression rate of AVS was expressed as the increase in peak velocity per year (m/s/yr). RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was $24.9{\pm}13.3$ months in the statin-treated group and $24.1{\pm}12.4$ months in the non-statin-treated group (p = 0.460). There were no differences between the statin-treated and non-statin-treated groups in mean age, gender or smoking status. Relative to the non-statin-treated group, a higher number of patients in the statin-treated group had hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. The progression rate of AVS did not differ between the statin-treated and non-statin-treated groups ($0.012{\pm}0.340m/s/yr$ vs. $0.014{\pm}0.245m/s/yr$, p = 0.956). Multivariate analysis showed initial peak aortic jet velocity was significantly associated with AVS progression (${\beta}=0.153$, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that statins had no effect on the progression of AVS. However, well-designed studies are needed to define the prognosis and management of AVS.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.43.1-43.14
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• 2022

Background: Cataracts are the leading cause of impaired vision or blindness in dogs. There are many antioxidants that can prevent cataract progression, but whether they are clinically effective in dogs has not been established. Objectives: To analyze the delaying or preventing effect of oral antioxidants on canine senile cataracts through retrospective analysis. Methods: Medical records of dogs from January 1, 2015 to July 10, 2020 were reviewed. Dogs that were 8 yr of age or older with senile cataracts were included in this study. The dogs were divided into two treatment groups (dogs administered with Ocu-GLO supplement and dogs administered with Meni-One Eye R/C supplement) and a control group (dogs that were not administered any supplement). Dogs with incipient and immature cataracts were included in this study. Altogether, 112 dogs (156 eyes) with incipient cataracts and 60 dogs (77 eyes) with immature cataracts were included. The period of time that cataracts progressed from incipient to immature, and from immature to mature was recorded for each dog. Results: There was no significant delaying effect on the progression of incipient cataracts. However, both Ocu-GLO (hazard ratio = 0.265, p = 0.026) and Meni-One (hazard ratio = 0.246, p = 0.005) significantly delayed the progression of immature cataracts compared to the control group. Conclusions: Although there was no significant delaying effect of oral antioxidants on incipient cataract progression, antioxidants could be used to delay the progression of senile immature cataract.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.124-139
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• 2010

본 연구는 중등 과학교사의 수업 실행 전문성의 발달과 학습 틀을 개발하고 적용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 우필희의 틀(2010)을 수정, 보완하여 중등 과학교사의 수업실행 전문성의 발달과 학습 틀을 개발하였다. 과학수업 전문성 6개 요소, 36개 관점에 대한 발달과 학습 수준은 다섯 수준의 준거로 구성되어 있으며. 발달 틀의 내용타당도는 96.4%, 신뢰도는 .96이다. 학습 틀의 내용타당도는 96.0%, 신뢰도는 .95이었다. 중등 과학교사 203명의 수업 실행 전문성의 발달 수준과 학습 수준은 2.21과 2.95이었으며, 대부분의 교사는 전문성의 발달수준과 학습 수준 모두 4 수준 미만의 낮은 상태에 있었다. 발달 수준은 교사의 성별, 경력, 학교, 전공과목, 학력에 따라 모두 유의미한 차이가 있었지만, 학습 수준은 경력을 제외하고 모두 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 발달 수준과 학습 수준은 상관관계가 있었다. 이상과 같이 개발된 틀은 중등 과학교사 개인이나 학교 단위에서 교사의 수업 실행 전문성의 발달 수준과 학습 수준을 파악하고 그 수준을 향상시키기 위한 방법의 결정이나 계획의 수립 및 그 개선을 평가하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.376-386
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• 2019

이 연구에서는 산과 염기의 화학반응에 대한 학습발달을 논리 사고 발달단계에 근거하여 제시하고, 그 타당성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 전국의 7개 지역, 9개의 초등, 중등, 고등학교에서 387명을 편의표집하였다. 이 연구에서 개발한 설문지는 총 9문항이었으며, 산과 염기 반응물과 생성물을 제시하고 이 물질들이 어떻게 변화할지에 대한 자신의 생각을 그림으로 표현하고 그 이유를 적도록 구성하였다. 상황 맥락은 한 종류의 용질이 용매에 녹는 상황과 두 종류의 용질이 용매에 녹는 상황 등으로 구분하였다. 이 연구에서는 물질보존 논리, 조합 논리, 비례 논리, 입자 개수 보존 논리를 조합하여 총 6단계의 학습발달을 가정하였다. 자료를 분석하여 Rasch 모델로 Person reliability, Item reliability, MNSQ와 ZSTD의 Infit와 Outfit값을 구한 결과, 본 연구에서 가설적으로 제안한 논리 사고 학습발달단계가 타당함을 확인하였다. 자료의 분석 결과, 중학교 2학년까지는 낮은 단계의 사고가 저학년에서 더 우세하였다. 그리고 높은 단계의 사고(2단계에서 5단계)가 상대적으로 고학년에서 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 고등학교 3학년(Grade 12)에서 높은 단계의 사고가 급격하게 감소하였다. 그리고 가장 마지막 단계인 5단계의 사고는 모든 학년에서 매우 낮았으며, 학생들의 비율이 가장 높은 학년은 중학교 3학년으로 나타났다. 이러한 특이한 연구 결과에 대한 해석은 교과서의 서술 방식과 관련된 추후 연구 과제로 제안하였다.

• Obstetrics & gynecology science
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.662-668
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• 2018

Objective This study was to identify the risk factors for cytological progression in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). Methods We analyzed data from women infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) who participated in the Korean HPV cohort study. The cohort recruited women aged 20-60 years with abnormal cervical cytology (ASC-US or LSIL) from April 2010. All women were followed-up at every 6-month intervals with cervical cytology and HPV DNA testing. Results Of the 1,158 women included, 654 (56.5%) and 504 (43.5%) women showed ASC-US and LSIL, respectively. At the time of enrollment, 143 women tested positive for HPV 16 (85 single and 58 multiple infections). Cervical cytology performed in the HPV 16-positive women showed progression in 27%, no change in 23%, and regression in 50% of the women at the six-month follow-up. The progression rate associated with HPV 16 infection was higher than that with infection caused by other HPV types (relative risk [RR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.84; P=0.028). The cytological progression rate in women with persistent HPV 16 infection was higher than that in women with incidental or cleared infections (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between cigarette smoking and cytological progression (RR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.01-17.00). Conclusion The cytological progression rate in HPV 16-positive women with ASC-US or LSIL is higher than that in women infected with other HPV types. Additionally, cigarette smoking may play a role in cytological progression.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A pivotal role of oxidative stress has been emphasized in the pathogenesis as well as in the disease progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed at investigating serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and elucidating whether they could be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of PD. MATERIALS/METHODS: Serum levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotenes, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin and ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin were measured and compared between 104 patients with idiopathic PD and 52 healthy controls matched for age and gender. In order to examine the relationship between antioxidant vitamins and the disease progression, multiple group comparisons were performed among the early PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I and II, N = 47), advanced PD (stage III and IV, N = 57) and control groups. Separate correlation analyses were performed between the measured antioxidant vitamins and clinical variables, such as Hoehn and Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score. RESULTS: Compared to controls, PD patients had lower levels of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotenes and lycopene. ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene levels were significantly reduced in advanced PD patients relative to early PD patients and were negatively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr stage and UPDRS motor score in PD patients. No significant differences were found in serum levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, and other carotenoids between PD patients and controls. No significant correlations were found between these vitamin levels and clinical variables in PD patients. CONCLUSTIONS: We found that serum levels of some carotenoids, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene, were lower in PD patients, and that these carotenoids inversely correlated with clinical variables representing disease progression. Our findings suggest that decreases in serum ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene may be associated with the pathogenesis as well as progression of PD.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.629-641
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• 2016

교사의 수업 전문성이 시간에 따라 어떻게 발달하는지 이해하는 것은 유효적절한 지원을 제공하는데 있어 기초가 된다. 이와 같은 전제에 근거하여 이 연구에서는 초등 교사의 천문 수업 중 행성의 크기와 거리에 대해 주제-특이적 PCK 발달과정을 탐색하고자 하였다. 교사의 PCK가 시간에 따라 어떻게 발달하는지 파악하기 위해 이 연구에서는 학생의 학습발달과정(learning progressions; 이하 LPs)이라는 개념틀을 적용하였다. LPs와 마찬가지로 교사의 수업전문성 발달 또한 초보에서 적응적 전문가로 발달하는 가설적인 경로로 기술될 수 있다는 것이다. 이 연구를 위해 서울, 강원, 광주 지역 소재 6개 초등학교 5학년 교사 8명이 참여하였으며, 2013년과 2014년에 걸쳐 '태양계와 별' 단원 '의 수업을 녹화하였다. 녹화된 수업에서 참여 교사의 주제-특이적 PCK를 문서화하기 위해 수업 분석틀을 개발하여 적용하였다. 이 연구는 천문 수업에서 행성의 크기와 거리 주제에 대한 초등 교사들의 PCK 발달과정을 개발하는 것이 주된 목적이긴 하지만, 이와 더불어 개발된 PCK 발달과정의 타당성 근거를 확보하는 것도 또 하나의 중요한 목적이므로 2013년과 2014년에 중복 참여한 4명 교사들의 PCK 변화를 종단적으로 추적하였다. 종단 연구에 참여한 교사들은 연구자들과 함께 적응적 교수활동을 개발하는 4주간의 사전 모임에 참여하였다. 이 연구를 통해 3개 PCK 요소(교육과정, 교수전략, 학생평가)에 대해 4~5수준의 발달과정을 개발하였으며, 1개 천문학적 사고 요소(시스템 사고)에 대해 4수준의 발달 과정을 개발하였다. 참여 교사들은 PCK 요소별로 서로 다른 발달 수준을 나타내었으며, 적응적 교수활동 개발 및 적용을 통해 PCK 수준이 다양한 경로로 변화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 특정 주제에 대한 과학 교사의 PCK 발달 수준에 적절한 수업 스캐폴딩을 촉진하는데 있어 경험적인 근거를 제시하였다는 점에서 의미를 가진다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2017

Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is an anti-nutritional factor of soybean, affecting cell proliferation and inducing cytotoxicity. Integrins are transmembrane receptors, mediating a variety of cell biological processes. This research aims to study the effects of SBA on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of the intestinal epithelial cell line from piglets (IPEC-J2), to identify the integrin subunits especially expressed in IPEC-J2s, and to analyze the functions of these integrins on IPEC-J2 cell cycle progression and SBA-induced IPEC-J2 cell cycle alteration. The results showed that SBA lowered cell proliferation rate as the cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase (P < 0.05) was inhibited. Moreover, SBA lowered mRNA expression of cell cycle-related gene CDK4, Cyclin E and Cyclin D1 (P < 0.05). We successfully identified integrins ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}3$, ${\alpha}6$, ${\beta}1$, and ${\beta}4$ in IPEC-J2s. These five subunits were crucial to maintain normal cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in IPEC-J2s. Restrain of either these five subunits by their inhibitors, lowered cell proliferation rate, and arrested the cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle (P < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that integrin ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}6$, and ${\beta}1$ were involved in the blocking of G0/G1 phase induced by SBA. In conclusion, these results suggested that SBA lowered the IPEC-J2 cell proliferation rate through the perturbation of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, integrins were important for IPEC-J2 cell cycle progression, and they were involved in the process of SBA-induced cell cycle progression alteration, which provide a basis for further revealing SBA anti-proliferation and anti-nutritional mechanism.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2022

Purpose: To evaluate whether the added value of contrast leakage information from dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC MRI) is a better prognostic imaging biomarker than the cerebral blood volume (CBV) value in distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine glioblastoma patients who had undergone MRI after concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide were enrolled in this retrospective study. Twenty features were extracted from the normalized relative CBV (nCBV) and extraction fraction (EF) map of the contrast-enhancing region in each patient. After univariable analysis, we used multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors for differentiating between pseudoprogression and true progression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the best cutoff values for the nCBV and EF features. Finally, leave-one-out cross-validation was used to validate the best predictor in differentiating between true progression and pseudoprogression. Results: Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that MGMT (O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) and EF max were independent differentiating variables (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02, respectively). ROC analysis yielded the best cutoff value of 95.75 for the EF max value for differentiating the two groups (sensitivity, 61%; specificity, 84.6%; AUC, 0.681 ± 0.08; 95% CI, 0.524-0.837; P = 0.03). In the leave-one-out cross-validation of the EF max value, the cross-validated values for predicting true progression and pseudoprogression accuracies were 69.4% and 71.4%, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated that contrast leakage information parameter from DSC MRI showed significance in differentiating true progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common skeletal disorders characterized by cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation in joints, is induced by accumulated mechanical stress; however, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Several experimental OA models in mice by producing instability in the knee joints have been developed to apply approaches from mouse genetics. Although proteinases like matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanases have now been proven to be the principal initiators of OA progression, clinical trials of proteinase inhibitors have not been successful for the treatment, turning the interest of researchers to the upstream signals of proteinase induction. These signals include undegraded and fragmented matrix proteins like type II collagen or fibronection that affects chondrocytes through distinct receptors. Another signal is proinflammatory factors that are produced by chondrocytes and synovial cells; however, recent studies that used mouse OA models in knockout mice did not support that these factors have a role in the central contribution to OA development. Our mouse genetic approaches found that the induction of a transcriptional activator Runx2 in chondrocytes under mechanical stress contributes to the pathogenesis of OA through chondrocyte hypertrophy. In addition, chondrocyte apoptosis has recently been identified as being involved in OA progression. We hereby propose that these endochondral ossification signals may be important for the OA progression, suggesting that the related molecules can clinically be therapeutic targets of this disease.