• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2022

Purpose - This study quantifies sources of trade balance dynamics over the business cycle in Korea. Specifically, we quantify the relative importance of domestic and foreign factors on trade balance dynamics using a small open economy real business cycle (SOE-RBC) model and provide policy implications for stabilization policies. Aggregate productivity and interest rate spreads are considered domestic factors affecting the trade balance. A world interest rate (the U.S. interest rate) is considered a foreign factor. Design/methodology - Following Neumeyer and Perri (2005), we build the SOE-RBC model with three types of shocks: aggregate productivity, interest rate spread, and world interest shocks. The model is estimated by the generalized method of moments (GMM) using relevant business cycle statistics. The estimated model is used for quantifying the relative importance of domestic and foreign factors on trade balance dynamics in Korea. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: 85.64% of the trade balance fluctuations in Korea are explained by domestic factors, the remaining 14.35% by foreign factors. Particularly, trade balance dynamics are mostly accounted for by the change in aggregate productivity shocks (85.58%). World interest rate shocks considerably explain trade balance (14.35%), whereas the role of interest rate spread shocks that represent domestic risks is limited (0.08%). Although aggregate productivity is key in explaining trade balance dynamics in Korea, interest rates still have an essential role. This is because aggregate productivity changes induce interest rate spread variations and, thus, the trade balance significantly. The results suggest that government policies mitigating fluctuations in aggregate productivity would be effective for stabilization policies in Korea by reducing the trade balance volatility. Originality/value - Existing studies on the emerging market business cycle examine mostly Latin American countries, and the main object of the studies is the volatility of consumption rather than trade balance dynamics. Conversely, our study examines Korea rather than Latin American countries. Additionally, we examine sources of trade balance dynamics, which are relatively more important in Korea, rather than those of the volatility of consumption. Hence, we estimate the model to explicitly match moments related to trade balance in the data.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2022

우리나라는 동북아지역에서 아시아 허브항만의 위상을 유지하기 위해 항만시스템의 업그레이드에 막대한 예산을 투입하고 있다. 그 결과로 우리나라 대표항만인 부산항은 세계 5위 수준의 컨테이너 물동량 처리 수준을 보이고 있다. 그러나 부산항을 제외한 다른 항만은 낮은 순위에 자리하고 있다. 이 연구는 자료포락분석(DEA) 모델과 Malmquist 생산성지수(MPI)를 이용하여 국내 주요 항만의 효율성과 생산성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 특히 변수의 수가 의사결정단위(DMU) 수를 초과할 경우 판별력이 약해지는 DEA모델을 보완하기 주성분분석(PCA, Principal Component Analysis)을 DEA모델에 결합한 PCA-DEA모델을 이용하였다. 그리고 MPI는 다년간의 항만의 생산성을 측정하기 위하여 적용하였다. 그 결과로 우리나라 주요항만의 효율성과 생산성 순위를 결정할 수 있었으며, 광양항과 울산항 2010년과 2018년 비교시 효율성 측면에서 상위권을 보였으며, 생산성 분석 결과에 있어서 대산항과 목포항이 다른 항만에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이 연구결과는 항만별 경쟁력을 객관적으로 평가하고 전략을 마련하는데 활용될 수 있다.

• 경제분석
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2019

본고에서는 OECD 회원국(2018년 현재 총 36개국) 중 29개국을 대상으로 상용직·임시직 고용비중 변화가 노동생산성에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석하였다. 이 때 자영업자도 함께 고려함으로써 상용직 및 임시직 대비 노동생산성을 비교하였다. 구체적으로는 1990-2015년 동안 OECD 29개국의 국가별 불균형(unbalanced) 패널자료를 이용하여 통상최소자승법(OLS), 고정효과(fixed effect) 분석, 일반화된 적률법(이하 GMM), 동태적 패널 GMM 등 다양한 방법으로 고용형태 변화가 노동생산성에 미치는 영향을 추정하였다. 분석 결과를 보면, 각 추정 방법에 따라 약간 차이는 있으나 상용직 비중 증가가 노동생산성 증대에 미치는 영향이 가장 높았으며 그 다음이 자영업, 임시직 순으로 나타났다. 특히 임시직 근로자 비중이 노동생산성에 미치는 영향은 상용직에 비해 상당 폭 낮은 것으로 추정되었다. 이러한 결과는 노동시장 이중구조가 심화되면 노동생산성에 부정적 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

The net primary productivity and potential natural vegetation in the Korean peninsula in the 21st century were estimated by the Miami model and thermal climate, respectively, based on 148 meteorological data sets. In the 21st century, the distribution range of the net primary produtivity in the Korean peninsula was estimated as 1,050 g $DM{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}~2,050g\;DM\cdot m^-2\cdot yr^{-1}.\; These\; values\; increased\; by\; 200g\; DM\cdot m^{-2}\cdot yr^{-1}\;on\;northern\;part\;and\;400g\; DM\cdot m^{-2}\cdot yr^{-1}$ on southern part compared with that of the present century. The potential natural vegetation in the Korean peninsula in the 21st century will change into the followings:coniferous forest on Mt. Paektu area, deciduous broadleaf forest on northern part, and evergreen broadleaf forset on southern part.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2000

The yeast extract, coconut water, safflower seed oil, arachidonic acid, linolenic acid, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate were added to Gamborg's B$_{5}$ medium. The changes on productivity of baccatin III were estimated every 30 minutes and the results were compared using the selected high yielding cell culture system of Taxus cuspidata. In most cases, the peaks of baccatin III productivity occured at 90~120 min after addition of elicitors. Among the compound elicitors, safflower seed oil showed the highest productivity of baccatin III. Also arachidonic acid and linolenic acid increased the baccatin III production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1036-1040
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• 2007

Sodium butyrate (NaBu) has been used to enhance protein expression levels in mammalian cell culture. To determine the clonal variability of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells in response to NaBu addition regarding specific antibody productivity $(q_{Ab})$, three rCHO clones were subjected to different concentrations of NaBu. For all three clones, NaBu addition inhibited cell growth and decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the enhancing effect of NaBu on $q_{Ab}$ varied significantly among the clones. NaBu addition enhanced the antibody production of only one clone. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the changes in $q_{Ab}$ correlated linearly with those of the mRNA transcription level. Thus, it was concluded that the different enhancing effects of NaBu on protein expression in rCHO cell clones resulted from their different mRNA transcription levels.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1982

Traditional CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) analysis employs linear cost and revenue functions within some specified time period and range of operations. Therefore CVP analysis is assumption of constant labor productivity. The use of linear cost functions implicity assumes, among other things, that firm's labor force is either a homogenous group or a collection homogenous subgroups in a constant mix, and that total production changes in a linear fashion through appropriate increase or decrease of seemingly interchangeable labor unit. But productivity rates in many firms are known to change with additional manufacturing experience in employee skill. Learning curve is intended to subsume the effects of all these resources of productivity. This learning phenomenon is quantifiable in the form of a learning curve, or manufacturing progress function. The purpose d this study is to show how alternative assumptions regarding a firm's labor force may be utilize by integrating conventional CVP analysis with learning curve theory, Explicit consideration of the effect of learning should substantially enrich CVP analysis and improve its use as a tool for planning and control of industry.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2007

The authors used association rules and patterns in sequential of data mining in order to raise the efficiency of engineering changes. The association rule can reduce the number of engineering changes since it can estimate the parts to be changed. The patterns in sequential can perform engineering changes effectively by estimating the parts to be changed from sequence estimation. According to this result, unnecessary engineering changes are eliminated and the number of engineering changes decrease. This method can be used for improving design quality and productivity in company managing engineering changes and related information.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 국적외항선사를 대상으로 DEA에 의한 Malmquist 생산성지수를 측정하여 주요 재무비율(수익성, 재무안정성, 유동성, 효율성, 생산성 간에 영향 관계와 판별력을 규명하여 생산성을 개선할 방안을 제시하였다. 2017년에 비하여 2018년에 생산성(MPI)이 증대한 선사보다 감소한 선사가 11개 많다. 생산성 감소는 주로 내부환경의 영향을 받는 기술적 효율성 변화지수(TECI)의 감소가 주요인이며, 생산성이 증대된 선사는 외부환경의 영향을 받는 기술변화지수(TCI)의 증대로 나타나고 있다. 또한 생산성(MPI)과 경영효율성(CRS) 간의 강한 유의적인 상관관계를 보인다. 선사 내부요인에 의한 기술적 효율성변화지수(TEC)는 효율적인 선사가 유의적으로 높은데 순수효율성 변화가 아니고 규모효율성변화의 차이에 기인한다. 용선비/매출 비율은 생산성이 높은 선사(0.17)가 낮은 선사(0.21)에 비하여 낮고, 매출액영업이익률은 MPI>1인 선사는 7%인데 MPI<1인 선사는 1%에 불과하여 용선비 규모와 영업수익성은 생산성과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 판명된다. 따라서 외항선사는 용선비중을 줄이고 내부적인 경영효율 개선을 통한 규모 효율과 생산성을 증대시켜야만 채산성을 높일 수 있는 것으로 확인하였다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.51-74
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• 2005

This paper presents an analysis of the current status of domestic hospital industry which went trough the time of new hospitals operated by chaebols from 1994 to 2003 and the dramatic changes of medical service environment such as IMF relief loan in 1997 and the separation of prescription and dispensing (SPD) in 2000. For the sake of righteous policy-making in the future, this paper presents a productivity analysis of the management and administration of 38 tertiary hospitals nationwide in the past 10 years. The analysis is based on the Malmquist index approach using linear programming. d prepare a productivity index that measures not merely efficiency but the technological evolution and adjustment to changing environments.