• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2002

The present experiments were designed to study the influence of Baekgumhwan on immune function of ICR mice under stress condition. Baekgumhwan was orally administered to the mice for 15days. on the 11th day the mice subjected to electric footshock for 5days(2 session a day, 11 footshocks a 31 min-session). B/T cell populations in splenocytes were studied by FACS analysis and cytokines($IFN-{\gamma}$ rand IL-10) production of the mouse splenocytes treated with PHA were studied by sandwich ELISA assay on the 15th day. The results were as follows. 1. After electric footshock, mice became sluggish and crowded to one side of the cage. Increased B/T cell populations in splenocytes were observed. These results confirm that electric footshock caused stress inducing immunological and behavioral changes in ICR mice. 2. Baekgumhwan administration without stress increase B cell populations in splenocytes, but T cell populations and cytokines($IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-10) production of the mouse splenocytes treated with PHA maintain as similar levels as in the normal group. 3. Baekgumhwan administration with stress significantly antagonized the effect of electric footshock on behavior, increased B cell populations in splenocytes, so maintain as similar levels as in the normal group. cytokines($IFN-{\gamma}$ rand IL-10) production of the mouse splenocytes treated with PHA maintain as similar levels as in the normal group and T cell populations in splenocytes were increased as stress control.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

Sodium butyrate (NaBu) is used as an enhancer for the production of recombinant proteins in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, NaBu is well-known for its cytotoxic effect, thereby inducing apoptosis. CHO cells which had been engineered to express a humanised anti-HBV antibody were cultured using serum-free medium, Ex-cell 301. From a seeding density of $2{\times}10^5$ cells/ml, CHO cells grown with serum-free medium reached a maximum cell density of $1.3{\times}10^6$ cells/ml after 9 days in culture and produced a maximal antibody concentration of 130 mg/l after 13 days in culture. In the perfusion culture system, CHO cells producing anti-HBV antibody grown in an 7.5 1 bioreactor seeded with $2{\times}10^5$ cells/ml reached a maximal antibody concentration of 85 mg/1 after 720 h in culture. The addition of 0.3 mM NaBu and lowering culture temperature to $33^{\circ}C$ elongated the culture period to 60 days and increased the production yield by 2-fold, compared to control culture.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2009

Petiolus Nelumbinis, branches of lotus leaf or lotus flower is a traditional oriental herbal medicine widely used for treating a superheat or disorder of qi flow. Although there are many clinical results and literature study, it has been rarely conducted to evaluate the immuno-biological activity. The present study was conducted to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of PNM (Petiolus Nelumbinis MeOH extract) in vitro. To determine cytotoxic concentration of PNM, the cells were treated with PNM for 24 h after LPS addition, and the cell viability was tested by MTT assay. Both of dosages (30 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$) of PNM had no cytotoxicity. In these concentrations, PNM significantly reduced the elevated levels of NO and $PGE_2$ by LPS. These inhibitory effects of PNM were due to the reduced expressions of iNOS and COX-2 protein. TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$ and IL-6 are frequently encountered pro-inflammatory cytokines, and LPS plays a key role in inducing to the massive production of these cytokines. Thus, we next determined the levels of these cytokines. Although PNM had no significant inhibitory effect on the production of TNF-$\alpha$, the elevated levels of IL-1$\beta$ and IL-6 by LPS were dose-dependently reduced in PNM-treated groups. These results demonstrate that PNM has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines, NO and $PGE_2$ in LPS-activated macrophage. Moreover, the reduction of NO and $PGE_2$ levels was due to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by PNM.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effect of spinach saponin-enriched fraction (SSEF) on collagen (10 ${\mu}g/ml$)-stimulated platelet aggregation. SSEF inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and which was involved in the inhibition of thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) production, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-agonist as an aggregation-inducing autacoidal molecule. In addition, SSEF significantly increased the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-antagonists as aggregation-inhibiting molecules, in collagen-stimulated platelets. These results suggest that SSEF might inhibit $Ca^{2+}$-elevation and $TXA_2$ formation by increasing the production of $Ca^{2+}$-antagonistic molecules cAMP and cGMP. These mean that SSEF is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. On the other hand, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were potently prolonged by SSEF. These findings suggest that SSEF prolongs the internal time between the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Accordingly, our data demonstrate that SSEF may be a crucial tool for a negative regulator during platelet activation and blood coagulation on thrombotic diseases.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2023

VR애니메이션은 애니메이션 속 공간에 위치하면서 기존 애니메이션 연출에서 볼 수 없는 360도 화면 연출을 볼 수 있다. 2020년에 제작된 VR 애니메이션 <Goodbye Mr Octopus>는 몰입형 단편 영화로 제77회 베니스 영화제에서 선정되었다. 열여섯 번째 생일을 맞은 사춘기 소녀 스텔라와 엄격한 아버지와의 갈등을 어머니의 편지로 해결되는 이야기이다. 총 11개의 씬으로 구성된 서사로 각 씬에는 시선유도, 시간흐름, 공간전환, 외화면 연출 등 VR영상 문법의 새로운 연출적 요소가 분석되었다. 시선유도 연출은 360도 시선의 불편함을 최소화하였으며, 시간 및 공간전환 연출은 서사적 사건에 따른 관객의 몰입도를 높이고, 외화면 연출은 VR공간의 확장 효과로 분석되었다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2015

건설산업은 국가경제의 중추적 역할을 수행해 왔으나, 체계적인 연구를 통한 건설업의 국가기여도에 대한 인식전환 노력의 부족으로 위기상황을 악화시키고 있는 실정이다. 특히 교통부문은 인적자원 및 물적자원의 이동에 핵심적인 기능을 담당하고 있으며, 국민의 복지와 국가경쟁력에 지대한 영향을 미치는 분야인 만큼 정량적인 분석이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산업연관분석을 적용하여 교통부문 산업의 경제적 기여도 및 파급효과를 측정하였다. 도로시설 및 철도시설은 전체 산업 규모의 1.03%, 0.165%를 차지하고 있으며, 최종수요와 총산출로만 이루어진 특징이 있다. 부가가치유발효과는 작으나, 생산유발효과는 높으며 후방연쇄효과가 크게 나타났으며, 제조업과 서비스업에서 높은 파급효과를 나타내고 있다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과는 도로시설 및 철도시설에 대한 투자타당성 확보나 정책 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.902-908
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• 2006

Tetrandra is the root of Stephania tetrandra 5. Moore (family Menispermaceae), or of Aristolochia frangchi Wu (family Aristolochiaceae). It is a Differ-flavored and cold-property herb acting on the urinary bladder, kidney and spleen meridiands. Known biological effects of this herb are expelling wind to relieve pain and inducing diuresis to alleviate edema. This herb also has anti-inflammatory and anti-hypersensitivity actions. Recent studies have shown that Stephanniae Tetrandrae Radix has antimicrobial effects, namely, a protective effect on acute renal failure induce by gentamicin sulfate and a suppressive effect against clostridium perfringes. However, there is a lack of studies concerning the immunological activities of this herb. The present study was conducted to evaluate the immunological activities of Stephanniae Tetrandrae Radix on the regulatory mechanisms of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after the treatment of Stephanniae Tetrandrae Radix extract (STRE) and NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. COX-2 and iNOS were determined by immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results provided evidences that STRE inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$, $interleukin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings showed that STRE could produce some anti-inflammatory effects which might play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2014

Objectives In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Samhwangsasim-tang (S.H) on the allergic response caused by ovalbumin(OVA) sensitization and challenge in BALB/c mice. Methods The experimental animals were divided into five groups; 1) normal as negative control, 2) OVA-sensitized mice, 3) OVA-sensitized mice treated with 200 mg/kg of S.H 200, 4) OVA-sensitized mice treated with 400 mg/kg of S.H 400, and 5) OVA-sensitized mice treated with 5 mg/kg of Dexamethasone (Dex). Antigen sensitization for allergic mouse model was performed with twice injection of OVA for 2 weeks. After secondary injection, S.H was administrated orally into mice every day for 13 days and the inhibitory effect of S.H on allergic responses was evaluated. Results Treatment of S.H into allergic mice reduced significantly ear edema and infiltration of immune cells in ear tissues induced with OVA challenge in a dose-dependent manner. S.H reduced significantly the serum levels of Total Immunoglobulin(Ig)G and IgE, and particularly inhibited the production of OVA-specific IgE, but not OVA-specific IgG. The serum level of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-${\alpha}$ and Th2-associated cytokine IL-4 also were significantly decreased by S.H adminstration in a dose denpendent manner. S.H attenuated OVA-induced secretion of IFN-${\gamma}$, but not IL-12 which is a cytokine inducing the development of Th1 cells. It also reduced significantly the secretion of IL-4, which is a cytokine inducing the development of Th2 cells, after splenocytes were stimulated with OVA. However the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 was influenced weakly or a little. Conclusions These results indicate that S.H could reduce the allergic response through inhibition of antigen-specific IgE and Th2-inducing cytokines. It suggest that S.H may be available clinically for the treatment of allergic patients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1744-1752
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• 2013

본 연구에서 적색의 색소 성분을 함유한 오디 및 자초 추출물의 피부 광노화 보호효과를 조사하였다. 오디 추출물의 총 안토시아닌 함량을 분석한 결과 4.92 mg/g이었고 HPLC 분석을 통한 자초 추출물의 shikonin 함량은 9.58 mg/g으로 나타났다. 오디 및 자초추출물의 전자공여능은 각각 84.32%와 57.46%로 분석되어 오디가 우수하였으며, superoxide radical 소거능은 오디 추출물이 76.34%로 자초추출물 61.55%보다 항산화 활성이 높았다. 오디 및 자초추출물의 ORAC 값은 각각 $545.37{\mu}moles$ TE/g과 $427.18{\mu}moles$ TE/g으로 분석되어 오디 추출물의 항산화 활성이 높음을 알 수 있었다. HS68 세포에서의 UVB 조사군과 비교 시 MMP-1 생산 억제율은 오디 및 자초 추출물 $200{\mu}g/mL$ 첨가 시 각각 68.6%, 32.7%로 분석되었다. 무모쥐를 이용한 UVB 광노화 피부 동물 모델에서 오디 및 자초 추출물의 피부조직의 변화를 조사한 결과, 시료 처리군이 무처리군에 비해 홍반, 주름 두께 및 깊이, 표피 비후, 콜라겐 각질층, 표피층이 감소되었으며 수분함량은 증가하였다. 총 주름 깊이의 경우, 오디 추출물 7% 처리군과 자초 추출물 5% 처리군에서 대조군과 비교 시 30% 가량 억제되어 in vitro에서 뿐만 아니라 in vivo에서도 오디 및 자초 추출물이 UVB에 의한 피부 광노화 보호효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2012

보통 지루성 피부염은 과다 생성된 피지와 함께 피지를 영양분으로 상재하는 M. globosa 이스트에 의해서 얼굴, 몸 및 두피에 자주 발생하는 피부질환이다. 본 연구는 천연정유성분(Natural essential oils)으로부터 지루성 피부염과 관련된 항염증 활성과 M. globosa 이스트에 대한 증식 억제 활성을 평가하고자 하였다. 지루성 피부염 진정 효능을 평가하기 위해서 지루성 피부염 환경을 모사한 공배양 세포 평가 모델을 구축하였다. 본 평가모델을 통해서 육계(Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamon bark)의 껍질 및 박하(Mentha arvensis, Cornmint)의 잎에서 추출한 천연정유 성분이 다양한 지루성 피부염 자극원에 따른 Interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ (IL-$1{\alpha}$), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) 사이토카인의 발현량 증가와 피지생성 증가를 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 또한, 지루성 피부염 유발균으로 알려진 M. globosa 이스트에 대한 증식 저해 평가를 통해 두 정유성분에서 유의한 M. globosa 증식 억제 능(MIC ${\leq}0.0625%$)을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과로부터 육계껍질 및 박하 잎 정유성분이 지루성 피부염에 따른 염증성 사이토카인의 발현량을 감소시켰다. 특히 육계 껍질 오일은 지루성 피부염 주요 원인인 Malassezia furfur 및 M. globosa 증식을 억제함으로써, 지루성 두피 염증의 예방과 효과적인 관리 제품의 소재로서 활용가치가 높음을 알 수 있다.