• 산업노동연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-36
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• 2011

대안적 작업조직을 둘러산 다양한 주장과 논쟁이 단위조직 사례연구를 토대로 이론적 개념적 차원에서 제기되어 왔으나 정작 노동자 관점에서의 양적 검증은 상대적으로 부족했다. 이 글은 한국직업능력개발원의 인적자본 기업패널 제조업 자료를 이용하여 대안적 작업조직의 대표적 형태로써 테일러 방식과 린 방식, 자율팀 방식을 유형화한 후 각각 조직의 재무적 성과와 노동자 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하고자 하였다. 특히, 국내 제조업의 경우 린 방식의 대표적 특성인 QC, 제안활동 등의 개별참여 관행이 확산되고 있다는 측면에서, 린 방식을 준거로 사회기술체계의 특성을 고려한 자율팀과 테일러 방식을 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 대안적 작업조직으로써 린 방식과 자율팀 방식이 테일러 방식에 비해 조직성과 뿐만 아니라 노동자 개인의 성과측면에도 보다 긍정적인 것으로 파악되었다. 그러나 린 방식과 자율팀 방식간 비교에서는 조직성과에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 노동자 개인의 성과로써 노동시간, 소득, 직무만족도, 조직몰입의 모든 결과변수에 대해 린 방식이 자율팀 방식에 비해 일관된 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 린 방식이 품질개선과 조직성과 향상을 위한 우월한 작업조직이라는 주류적 공감에도 불구하고, 그와 같은 기제의 이면에는 드러나지 않았던 노동자 개인의 성과가 훼손되었을 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1995년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automation Control Conference, 10th (KACC); Seoul, Korea; 23-25 Oct. 1995
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• pp.259-262
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• 1995

In this paper, a model of an asymptotically reliable serial production line with quailty control devices is introduced and analyzed. By an asymptotic technique and Taylor series expansion, its average production rate is approximated in a closed form. The results are applied to a case study of a surface mount system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2016

Twenty crossbred steers ($400{\pm}40.1kg$ of initial body weight) were used to assess the effects of a dietary supplementation with crude glycerin (CG) as a substitute for corn grain on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were offered to the experimental animals (5 steers per treatment) for 121 days using randomized complete block design. The steers individually received dietary treatments containing 0%, 7%, 14%, and 21% of CG (88.91% pure) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets were offered ad libitum as total mixed rations twice daily. Weight gain and carcass traits were determined. At the end of the experimental period, the harvest data and carcass characteristics of the steers were recorded, and meat quality was determined. No significant effect of CG inclusion was observed in any of the growth performance and carcass characteristics traits studied. Also, there were no apparent effects of diets (p>0.05) on meat quality (pH, water holding capacity, drip losses, and cooking losses). The study concluded that CG could be used as a substitute for corn grain up to the level of approximately 21% of DM in the diets of finishing steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1516-1519
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• 2001

The data consisted of 369 lactation records for calvings over a sixteen-year period (1972-1987) and included only cows that had normal milk records. The data were analysed using a linear model containing the fixed effects of parity, year of calving and season of calving. The least squares means${\pm}$S.E. were $1,273{\pm}58.4kg$ for milk yield, and for post-partum body weight (kg) at 2, 3 and 4 months after calving were $343.40{\pm}3.96$, $346.10{\pm}4.10$ and $352.54{\pm}4.26$, respectively. With the exception of season of calving, the effects of parity and year of calving were significant (p<0.01) on the performance of the animals. Thus, the mean-milk yields 1162, 1351 and 1350, were similar for pre-, peak- and post rainy seasons, respectively. On the other hand, as parity increased from 1 to 3, milk yield also increased, but thereafter, there was a gradual decline in milk yield. Similarly, post-partum body weight also increased with parity. However, no consistent pattern for year effect was observed which probably was a reflection of the variation in climatic conditions, or forage quality and/or availability. The phenotypic correlations between milk yield and post-partum body weights were negative and small (ranging from -0.01 to -0.08). However, high milk production in cows was associated with longer calving interval. The implications from the phenotypic correlations are suggestive of one or two possibilities. Firstly, selection for increased body weight may actually result in decreased milk yield. Also, a substantial genetic antagonism may exist between milk yield and fertility in the crossbred cows. Therefore, it is important that selection to improve milk production should take into consideration the reproductive performance of the cows.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2005

In traditional production lines, such as assembly lines, each worker is usually assigned to a fixed task, which is beneficial since it reduces the amount of training needed for workers to master their assigned tasks. However, when workers complete their tasks at different speeds, the slowest worker will determine the overall pace of the production line and limit production. To avoid this problem, the self-balancing production line was introduced. In this type of production line, each worker works dynamically, thus they can maintain balanced production. Previous research analyzing the performance of these lines has ignored the walk-back time associated with dynamic workers. U-shaped production lines have also been analyzed and policies for such lines have been proposed. However, the walk-back time cannot be ignored in practice, and research taking this factor into account is needed to enable balanced production and thus the maximum production rate. In this paper, we propose production policies for a production line with the walk-back time taken into account, and define and analyze the conditions for self-balancing. Furthermore, we have compared the performance of such a line with that of other production lines under the same conditions, and the results show the superiority of this line in certain cases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1124-1132
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• 2009

A trial was conducted to study the effect of supplemental chromium (Cr) levels from a Cr-yeast source on performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics of transport-stressed lambs. Forty-eight Naemi lambs (avg. BW 31.7 kg) were transported by truck for a distance of 1,450 km. On arrival day, the lambs were randomly allocated to four groups receiving diets supplemented with 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 or 0.9 ppm Cr. Each group consisted of four separately housed replicates of three lambs each. The lambs were fed their respective diets ad libitum for 84 d (21 d stress period, followed by 63 d growing period). Road transit of lambs resulted in a decreased (p<0.001) live body weight of 8.5%. Supplementation of Cr-yeast did not alter the performance of lambs during the stress period. Linear and quadratic increases (p<0.05) were observed in DMI and ADG, respectively, with increasing supplemental Cr levels in the diets during the growing period. Values were greater (p<0.05) by 14.7% and 20.8%, respectively, for lambs fed 0.3 ppm Cr compared to control, while those fed on the other two levels were intermediate. Over the 84-d feeding period, a trend was noted towards a slight increase in loin eye area and a decrease in body wall fat thickness for lambs fed Cr supplementation compared to the control group. This study suggests that the supplementation of Cr-yeast, especially at 0.3 ppm level, is beneficial for improving the performance of growing lambs whether the animals are stressed or not.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.831-837
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ruminally-protected methionine supplementation (0, 7, or 14 g/head/d) on nutrient intake, digestibility, growth performance, carcass, and meat characteristics of Awassi ram lambs fed finishing diets. Twenty four Awassi ram lambs ($16.8{\pm}1.17kg$ body weight) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment diets (8 lambs/treatment) and housed in individual pens. Lambs were given an adaptation period of 7 days before the intensive feeding period that lasted for 86 days. On day 74 of the trial, a digestibility experiment was performed. At the end of the trial (d 86), all lambs were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics and meat quality. Increasing the level of methionine supplementation did not improve (p>0.05) performance nor feed conversion ratio. Nutrient intake and digestibilities were not influenced (p>0.05) by methionine supplementation. There were no differences in final weight, hot and cold carcass weights, dressing percentages or any of the measured non-carcass components. Tissues and fat depth measurements together with all meat quality attributes measured on longissimus muscle of the loin cut were not affected by methionine supplementation. The only meat quality parameters affected were redness (a*) and the hue angle being higher for the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that methionine supplementation is not likely to produce any production benefits in nutrient digestibilities, performance or carcass characteristics of ram lambs fed a high performance diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2006

A total of 120 male and 240 female quail (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh) were used to determine the effect of feeding time on laying and reproductive performance of Pharaoh quail. They were fed ad libitum between 09:00 to 17:00 or full day, daily. Each female-male pair was housed in multiple-bird cages and colony cages. Initial and final body weight, quail-day egg production, feed consumption per egg and mortality were measured to determine laying performance of breeders. A total of 960 eggs were used to determine reproductive performance of quail in each treatment group. Eggs were incubated in a commercial setter and hatcher in standard conditions. Embryonic mortality, apparent fertility, hatchability of total and fertile eggs were calculated to determine the reproductive performance. Results indicated that feeding between 09:00 to 17:00 h reduced final body weight and egg production (p<0.001, p<0.001). Whereas, limited time of feeding improved hatchability of total (p<0.001) and fertile eggs (p<0.001) and reduced embryonic mortality (p<0.001) when compared with the effects of feeding full day. It was found that there were no significant differences for the egg production of quail housed in different cage systems. Quail caged in multiple-bird cages consumed less feed (p<0.01) compared to quail housed in colony cages. There were significant differences for the mortality (p<0.05), hatchability of total (p<0.001) and fertile eggs (p<0.001), and embryonic mortality (p<0.001) during the incubation due to main effect of cage systems. There were significant cage $systems{\times}feeding$ time interactions for hatchability of total and fertile eggs and embryonic mortality (p<0.001). As a conclusion; feeding from 09:00 to 17:00 reduced laying performance of quail and improved the reproductive traits compared to full day feeding of quail breeders. But, further investigations are needed to determine the optimum length of feeding time and egg production of breeders in quail fed limited time must be evaluated in comparison with its beneficial or detrimental effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2001

Smallholder dairy production systems in developing countries are discussed with reference to type of systems, their characteristics, potential, and opportunities for improvement. Three types of dairy systems are identified and described: smallholder systems, smallholder cooperative dairy production systems, and intensive dairy production systems. The first two systems are by far the most important, and are associated with increasing intensification. Buffaloes are especially important in South Asia, but elsewhere dairy production mainly involves Holstein-Friesian cross-bred cattle. Dairy goats are important in some countries, but are generally neglected in development programmes. The expansion and intensification of smallholder dairy production is fueled by increased demand for milk with associated problems of milk handling and distribution, hygiene and environmental pollution. The major constraints to production are inter alia, choice of species, breeds and availability of animals; feed resources and improved feeding systems; improved breeding, reproduction, and animal health care; management of animal manure, and organised marketing, and market outlets. These constraints provide major opportunities and challenges for research and development to increase dairy production, efficient management of natural resources, and improved livelihoods of poor farmers. Specific areas for research are identified, as also the need of a holistic focus involving interdisciplinary research and integrated natural resource management, in a shared partnership between farmers and scientists that can demonstrate increased productivity and sustainable production systems. Suggestions for performance indicators in smallholder dairy production systems are indicated.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of Mackerel offshore aquaculture production performance in Jeju region, Korea. Based on the collected biological, costs and market price data, farming revenue and expenses during the farming period were evaluated, and the net present value and the internal rate of return of a 10-year cash inflow and cash outflow were estimated to determine the economic feasibility of Mackerel offshore aquaculture production system. Model results indicated that the Mackerel offshore aquaculture production performance would have high profitability under the current production and market situation. This is because of the relatively high survival rate, relatively low feed conversion ratio and good market prices. However, sensitivity analyses of main important biological and economic variables showed that the economic viability of Mackerel offshore aquaculture production system would be highly vulnerable to production and market condition changes.