• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

Lately, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV), Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS) or also often known as drones, as a data acquisition platform and as a measurement instrument are becoming attractive for many photogrammetric surveying applications, especially generation of the high density point clouds(HDPC). This paper presents the performance evaluation of a low-cost rotary wing quadrocopter UAS for generation of the HDPC in a test bed environment. Its performance was assessed by comparing the coordinates of UAS based HDPC to the results of Network RTK GNSS surveying with 62 ground check points. The results indicate that the position RMSE of the check points are ${\sigma}_H={\pm}0.102m$ in Horizonatal plane, and ${\sigma}_V={\pm}0.209m$ in vertical, and the maxium deviation of Elevation was 0.570m within block area of ortho-photo mosaic. Therefore the required level of accuracy at NGII for production of ortho-images mosaic at a scale of 1:1000 was reached, UAS based imagery was found to make use of it to update scale 1:1000 map. And also, since this results are less than or equal to the required level in working rule agreement for airborne laser scanning surveying of NGII for Digital Elevation Model generation of grids $1m{\times}1m$ and 1:1000 scale, could be applied with production of topographic map and ortho-image mosaic at a scale of 1:1000~1:2500 over small-scale areas.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.284-288
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• 2009

The innate immune system is important for the first line of host defence against infectious agents, which have penetrated the mechanical barriers. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL or mannan-binding protein, MBP) is a serum protein that is synthesized in the liver as a part of the acute phase response. MBL binds to carbohydrate structures presented by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. MBL is synthesized as a monomer that has a carboxy-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain, a neck region and a collagen region. Low MBL level was reported to be the most frequent immuno-deficiency syndrome. Although extensive studies have yielded detailed information on the structure of MBL, functions of the MBL complex are not fully understood yet. We, here, present cloning process of MBL cDNA from the rat liver and production of truncated recombinant MBL protein using a bacterial expression system in order to produce anti-MBL polyclonal antibody. Anti-MBL polyclonal antibody was raised in a New Zealand rabbit and its affinity was tested against recombinant protein using western blot technique. MBL cDNA, recombinant protein and anti-MBL antibody could be used as great arsenals to dissect cellular biochemistry of MBL.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.12-29
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• 2006

Background and Aims : Even though various strategies for cancer treatment have advanced with the remarkable development of genomic information and technology, it is far from giving relief to cancer patients. Recently there is accumulating evidence that the immune system is closely connected to anti-tumor defense mechanisms in a multistage process. This includes tumorigenesis, invasion, growth and metastasis. Cordyceps Militaris, a well-known oriental herbal medicine, is a parasitic fungus that has been used as an immune enhancing agent for a long period of time. However, little is known about the cancer-related immunomodulatory effects and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Cordyceps Militaris extract (CME) on immune modulating and anti-tumor activity. Materials and Methods : To elucidate the effects of CME on macrophage and natural killer (NK) cell activity, we analyzed nitric oxide (NO) production, NK cytotoxicity and gene expression of cytokines related with macrophages and NK cell activity. Results and Conclusions : CME activated and promoted macrophage production of NO. It also enhanced gene expression of IL-1 and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells. CME promoted cytotoxicity of NK cells against YAC-1 cells and enhanced NK cell related gene expression such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, iNOS, IFN-${\gamma}$ and　TNF-${\alpha}$ in mice splenocytes. It also Promoted protein expression of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ in mice splenocytes and inhibited lung tumor metastasis induced by CT-26 cell line compared with the control group. From these results, it could be concluded that CME is an effective herbal drug for modulating the immune system and anti-cancer treatment by promoting macrophage and NK cell activity.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.167-178
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• 1995

The purpose of this research was to get basic information for the development of Korean native chicken industry by reviewing the current native chicken farm management and marketing situation of native chicken products(meat and eggs). The research was carried on the basis of the farm field survey covering 210 native chicken feeders out of 9 different local areas, and the results were as follows ; 1. Average raising size of native chicken flocks of sample farms was 1,787 heads and about 50% of those farms raised less than 500 heads chickens for self-sufficiency or on the side. 2. Most farmers made the decision to start on feeding native chickens in small scale with small amount of capital without sound feeding program, and their decision was mainly influenced by recommendation of mass-media( 19.5%) and neighbors (17.2%). 3. The average income per farm earned by raising the native chickens was 13,719 Won, and income per head of chicken was 8,800 Won. 4. About 40% of feeders expressed that the poor marketing management and lack of capital were the bottleneck to native chicken farm management. 5. About 70% of feeders evaluated the prospect of native chicken industry positively and so, about 60% of feeders hoped to expand the raising size in the future. 6. Most farmers directry made a bargain with marketer including middleman and enduser in selling the chicken products because there was not established special marketing system for native chicken products. 7. The sales age of native broiler was about 16~20 weeks and average body weight of broiler was 1.5~2.0 kg. And farm recieved price was not decided on the basis of each body weight or meat quality but only number of heads. 8. The average first egg-laying age of chickens was about 165 days and average annual laying rate was only about 56%. 9. In order to develop the successful Korean native chicken industry, followings are recommended ; 1) Reducing the production costs and increasing the productivity of native chickens should be carried out through technological research and development for sound feeding program of native chickens and sufficient fund supply. 2) Orderly native chicken marketing and pricing system should be established to give good vision about native chickens to farmers and to delight the consumers. 3) The measures for product differentiation including meat quality and nutritional value of native chicken products against other improved chickens should be actively taken by feeders and government.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.167-172
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• 2014

Recently interest in energy is becoming increasingly amplified in the world. Green energy is the buzzword of the world's business community as well as governments also leave a green energy seonbongjang of economic recovery. According to the International Institute for Energy, it will be expected to invest in the field of green energy about 7 trillion dollar traslated into 7,000 trillian won around the world by 2030. Thus production, supply, reduce and reuse policies and techniques for green energy came pouring out like a flood. But there is a limit to the fuel supply in order to produce a power generation facility and the power supply that is essential. Reducing produced power efficiently is more important than the increasing of power production. At present, using a method that controls the equipment installed by measuring the environment for efficient control of the energy management of energy-consuming devices that are in use. But the reality is that many policies of national and corporate to did not work to solve a part of the energy savings. In this paper, I proposes a smart energy management system to control the equipment by using the accumulated data obtained with minimal changes in the environment using the energy.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

Rice-barley double cropping system is typical in southwestern part of South Korea. However, the information of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) exchange for barley growing season has still limited in comparison with rice. Using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, seasonal variation of $CO_2$ exchange was analyzed for the barley growing season at a rice-barley double cropping field in Gimje, Korea. The effects of environmental factors and biomass on the $CO_2$ flux also were investigated. Quality control and gap-filling of flux data were conducted before this analysis and investigation. The results indicated that $CO_2$ uptake increased rapidly at tillering stage and maximum net ecosystem exchange of $CO_2$ (NEE) occurred at the early of May, 2012 ($-11.2gCm^{-2}d^{-1}$), when the heading of barley occurred. NEE, gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Re) during the barley growing season were -348.0, 663.3, and $315.2gCm^{-2}$, respectively. In this study, an attempt has been made to measure NEE, GPP, and Re with the help of the EC system for the barley growing season for the first time in Korea, focusing on $CO_2$ exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to derive a plan to improve the standard of survey cost, which is a system for estimating survey cost operated by the National Geographic Information Institute. The current standard has not been revised significantly since the initial enactment. However, in the situation where the survey industry is getting worse, the actualization of the standard is an urgent task for training engineers and industrial development. In this study, in order to break the problems of the standard and to derive improvement plan, we analyzed the outline, basic characteristics, and history of the standard and compared it with similar domestic ones. We collected opinions from the government and the industry through a survey, and verified labor cost and overhead rates. The conclusions are as follows. First, it is necessary to complement standard for production rate that directly affects direct cost, and to compensate for the missing items in the direct cost. Second, when compared with cost standards in foreign countries and cadastre field, the labor cost in survey field was found to be very low and improvement is needed. Third, the overhead rates were assessed to be appropriate, and the problem of improper overhead design should be coped with by strengthening education and promotion. Fourth, it is necessary to consider the introduction of deliberation committee or standard market price system for rapid response to new technologies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore social supports for elderly housing and their residential lives in small cities along rural counties of the United States and Canada, and suggest future implications for age-concentrated rural villages in Korea. In this study, five small and medium cities in non-metropolitan counties of California and Ontario province were visited and elderly residents and service experts were interviewed about their perceptions of community integrated social support networks for senior residences. The senior housing complexes were built due to influx of both metropolitan and rural residents seeking warm localities, traffic connections, business purposes in active production areas. and leisure attractions. There are five main social support networks for senior housing issues in these areas. First, the areas are claimed for senior zones and accordingly health industries are encouraged by local authorities. Second, the community is homogeneously constructed as a senior friendly environment and include features such as an RV park and mobile cottages. Third, senior-helping seniors are offered active work through golf-cluster active retirement communities. Fourth, traditional theme production camps are mobilized by the elderly workers. Lastly, an information system is maintained for screening volunteers and for senior abuse prevention. On the other hand, residential lives are occasionally negatively influenced by unbalanced concentrations of elderly facilities such as nursing stations and funeral homes. For the future of Korean rural elderly policies, suggestions are made as follows: first, an integrated urban and rural township that contains attractive places for early retiring people who seek a warm atmosphere in later life needs to be constructed. Second, an integrated model retirement village of urban and rural retirement life needs to be initiated as a measure of evaluating the adaptation process of movers in senior concentrated zones. Third, a cooperation system among governmental ministries needs to be formed with the long- term goal of establishing a traditional rural town of independent housing districts and medical facilities in rural areas. Fourth, productive and active lifestyles need to be maintained as the local community and government develop successful retirement rural villages, by limiting the expansion of nursing related facilities. Finally, generation integrated visiting welfare programs and services need to be further developed for the housing areas especially in the winter, when social integration and activity are relatively low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

Currently, the process of constructing a high-definition road map has a high proportion of manual labor, so there are limitations in construction time and cost. Research to automate map production with high-definition road maps using artificial intelligence is being actively conducted, but since the construction of training data for the map construction is also done manually, there is a need to automatically build training data. Therefore, in this study, after converting to images using point clouds acquired by a mobile mapping system, the road marking areas were extracted through image reclassification and overlap analysis using thresholds. Then, a methodology was proposed to automatically construct training data for deep learning data for the high-definition road map through the classification of the polygon types in the extracted regions. As a result of training 2,764 lane data constructed through the proposed methodology on a deep learning-based PointNet model, the training accuracy was 99.977%, and as a result of predicting the lanes of three color types using the trained model, the accuracy was 99.566%. Therefore, it was found that the methodology proposed in this study can efficiently produce training data for high-definition road maps, and it is believed that the map production process of road markings can also be automated.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.268-279
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• 2021

The geospatial schemes based on topo-climatology have been developed to produce digital climate maps at a site-specific scale. Their development processes are reviewed here to derive the needs for new schemes in the future. Agricultural and forestry villages in Korea are characterized by complexity and diversity in topography, which results in considerably large spatial variations in weather and climate over a small area. Hence, the data collected at a mesoscale through the Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) are of limited use. The geospatial schemes have been developed to estimate climate conditions at a local scale, e.g., 30 m, lowering the barriers to deal with the processes associated with production in agricultural and forestry industries. Rapid enhancement of computing technologies allows for near real-time production of climate information at a high-resolution even in small catchment areas and the application to future climate change scenarios. Recent establishment of the early warning service for agricultural weather disasters can provide growth progress and disaster forecasts for cultivated crops on a farm basis. The early warning system is being expanded worldwide, requiring further advancement in geospatial schemes and digital climate mapping.