• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.314-329
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oocyte lipid droplets play a crucial role in meiosis and embryo development. Biotin is associated with fatty acid synthesis and is the coenzyme for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The effects of a biotin deficiency on the oocyte lipid metabolism remain unknown. This study examined the effects of a biotin deficiency and its replenishment on murine 1) oocyte lipid droplet levels, 2) ovary lipid metabolism, and 3) oocyte meiosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: Mice were divided into 3 groups: control, biotin deficient (BD), and recovery groups. The control and BD groups were fed a control diet or BD diet (0.004 or 0 g biotin/kg), respectively. The recovery group mice were fed a BD diet until day 21, and were then fed the control diet from days 22 to 64. This study then quantified the oocyte lipid droplet levels, assessed the oocyte mitochondrial function, and examined the ability of oocytes to undergo meiosis. Ovarian phosphorylated ACC (p-ACC), lipogenesis, β-oxidation, and ATP production-related genes were evaluated. RESULTS: The BD group showed a decrease in lipid droplets and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased p-ACC levels. In the recovery group, the hepatic biotin concentration, ovarian p-ACC levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential were restored to the control group levels. On the other hand, the quantity of lipid droplets in the recovery group was not restored to the control levels. Furthermore, the percentage of oocytes with meiotic abnormalities was higher in the recovery group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A biotin deficiency reduced the oocyte lipid droplet levels by downregulating lipogenesis. The decreased lipid droplets and increased oocyte meiosis failure were not fully restored, even though the biotin nutrition status and gene expression of lipid metabolism was resumed. These results suggest that a biotin deficiency remains robust and can be long-lasting. Biotin might play a crucial role in maintaining the oocyte quality.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 발효노니를 건강기능식품 소재로 활용 시 기초자료로 제공하고자 발효노니 추출물 및 지표성분의 면역활성 증진 효과를 평가하였다. RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 발효노니 추출물 및 지표성분 6종을 처리하여 XTT 세포독성평가, Nitric Oxide 생성 측정, Cyokine 생성 측정, immune marker genes 발현분석 수행하였다. 뿐만 아니라 양성대조군으로 LPS와 기능성 원료로 사용되고 있는 발효홍삼 추출물을 사용하였다. 그 결과 모든 처리 농도 및 처리군에서 세포독성이 관찰되지 않았으며, 지표성분 6종 중 SCP 및 ASE에서 NO 생성이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라 ASE 처리군에서는 IL-6 및 IL-1β의 생성이 증가되었으며, iNOS 및 TNF-α의 immune marker genes 발현이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 발효노니 추출물 효능 평가에서는 발효시 NO 생성 및 IL-6, IL-1β의 생성, COX2의 발현이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 발효노니 추출물 및 지표성분의 선천면역 활성증가를 타나내며 노니 및 발효노니 표준화 연구에서 지표성분으로 사용 가능성을 제시한다. 따라서 발효노니는 면역증진 활성을 갖는 제품 개발에 있어서 유용한 기능성 식품소재로써 사용될 수 있으며, 우수한 효능을 나타내는 지표성분은 유용성분으로 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2013

Objectives : Brassica campestris var narinosa (BCN), Canavalia gladiata DC semen (CGD) and their combinational prescription (BCN+CGD) have been use to demonstrate to regulate hematopoiesis. In the current study, we investigated whether Brassica campestris var narinosa, Canavalia gladiata DC semen and their combinational prescription is related to hemato-potentiating function using Sca-$1^+$ hematopoietic stem cells (Sca-$1^+HSCs$) as a testing system. Methods : Sca-$1^+HSCs$ isolated from femur in C57bl/6 mice with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). Then, Real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression, ELISA and haematopoiesis-related gene (EPO, TPO, IL-3, SCF, c-kit, GM-CSF), the phosphorylation of JAK2, GATA-1 and STAT-5a/b were observed by western blot, and the numbers of $CD117^+/Sca-1^+$ cell and the number of granulocyte erythrocyte monocyte macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GEMM) and erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E), semisolid clonogenic assay was performed. Result : When Sca-$1^+HSCs$ were treated with Brassica campestris var narinosa, Canavalia gladiata DC semen and their combinational prescription with rIL-3/rSCF, the expression of haematopoiesis-related (EPO, TPO, IL-3, SCF, c-kit, and GM-CSF) were significantly increased at the levels of mRNA as well as production in Sca-$1^+HSCs$. Additionally, CGS enhanced phosphorylation of JAK2, GATA-1, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-5a/b (STAT-5a/b) in Sca-$1^+HSCs$. Furthermore, their combinational prescription (BCN+CGD) significantly enhanced the growth rate of granulocyte erythrocyte monocyte macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GEMM) and erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E) in vitro. Conclusion : These result suggest that Brassica campestris var narinosa (BCN) and Canavalia gladiata DC have hematopoietic enhancement via hematopoietic cytokine-mediated JAK2/GATA-1/STAT-5a/b pathway, and their combinational prescription (BCN+CGD) has superior hematopoietic enhancement to those of individual extracts.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the immunopotentiating activity of combine extract that Silkworm and Cinnamomum cassia. Recently, acute epidemic diseases such as cold and viral respiratory diseases have been emerging. So, interested in immunity enhancement has been increasing, and research on natural products to promote immunity activity has been actively conducted. Methods : To confirm the immunopotentiating activity effect, Silkworm (SW), Cinnamomum cassia (CC), and SWCC combined extracts were treated 14 days at 300 mg/kg/day. The changes of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in serum were analyzed after experiment. The changes in the total spleen cell number were measured. Immune cells in spleen were analyzed using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). also, analyzed the expression of cytokines in spleen. Results : Total number of cells in the spleen and FACS analysis of T lymphocytes activated in the spleen showed that the SWCC combined treated group had much higher frequency of active cells than both single groups. The ratio of CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD25+ T cells in spleen, SWCC is higher than other groups except Nor in CD4+, CD4+CD69+, CD4+CD25+ T cells. The results of this study suggest that SWCC can help immune function via IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$ cytokine production, increased T lymphocytes and splenocyte proliferation. Conclusion : Therefore, these results suggested that the SWCC combined extracts administration increase stronger immunity enhancement than when SW and CC adminstration.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.484-493
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of diets of broiler chickens with hot-melt extruded CuSO₄ (HME-Cu) on their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota, small intestinal morphology, meat quality, and copper (Cu) bioavailability. Methods: A total of 225 broilers (Ross 308), one-day old and initial weight 39.14 g, were weighed and distributed between 15 cages (15 birds per cage) in a completely randomized experimental design with 3 treatments (diets) and 5 replicates per treatment. Cages were allotted to three treatments including control (without supplemental Cu), IN-Cu (16 mg/kg of CuSO₄), and HME-Cu (16 mg/kg of HME processed CuSO₄). Results: The HME-Cu treatment tended to increase the overall body weight gain (p<0.10). The apparent digestibility of Cu was increased by supplementation of HME-Cu at phase 2 (p<0.05). The Escherichia coli count in cecum tended to decrease with the supplementation with Cu (p<0.10). In addition, the HME-Cu treatment had a higher pH of breast meat than the control and IN-Cu treatments (p<0.05). Significant increases in the cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and lightness in the breast were observed in the HME-Cu treatment compared to the control (p<0.05). The Cu content of excreta increased with the Cu supplementation (p<0.05). The concentration of excreta Cu in broilers was decreased in the HME-Cu compared to the IN-Cu in phase 2 (p<0.05). The Cu concentration in the liver was increased with the HME-Cu supplementation, compared with the control diets (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that HME-Cu supplementation at the requirement level (16 mg/kg diets) in broiler diets did not affect the growth performance and the physiological function of Cu in broilers. However, supplementation of Cu in HME form improved the meat quality and the bioavailability of Cu.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1827-1838
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• 2022

Objective: The semen quality of stallions including sperm motility is an important target of selection as it has a high level of individual variability. However, effects of the molecular architecture of the genome on the mechanisms of sperm formation and their preservation after thawing have been poorly investigated. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the sperm motility of cryopreserved semen in stallions of various breeds. Methods: Semen samples were collected from the stallions of 23 horse breeds. The following semen characteristics were examined: progressive motility (PM), progressive motility after freezing (FPM), and the difference between PM and FPM. The respective DNA samples from these stallions were genotyped using Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. Results: We performed a GWAS search for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and potential genes related to motility properties of frozen-thawed semen in the stallions of various breeds. As a result of the GWAS analysis, two SNP markers, rs1141327473 and rs1149048772, were identified that were associated with preservation of the frozen-thawed stallion sperm motility, the relevant putative candidate genes being NME/NM23 family member 8 (NME8), olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AP member 1 (OR2AP1), and olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily C member 4 (OR6C4). Potential implications of effects of these genes on sperm motility are herein discussed. Conclusion: The GWAS results enabled us to localize novel SNPs and candidate genes for sperm motility in stallions. Implications of the study for horse breeding and genetics are a better understanding of genomic regions and candidate genes underlying stallion sperm quality, and improvement in horse reproduction and breeding techniques. The identified markers and genes for sperm cryotolerance and the respective genomic regions are promising candidates for further studying the biological processes in the formation and function of the stallion reproductive system.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2023

노화에 따른 난소 기능 저하와 성호르몬 생성 감소는 호르몬 결핍을 유발하여 여성의 갱년기를 유발한다. 여성 갱년기 증상 개선을 목적으로 에스트로겐 유사 물질이 함유된 천연물을 연구하였다. 본 연구는 난소 적출술을 받은 쥐를 대상으로 Gastrodia elata Blume 추출물(TVB-1000)의 효능을 평가하였다. 난소 적출 수술을 한뒤 7일의 회복 기간 후 TVB-1000 처리군에게 16, 40, 100 mg/kg을 12주 동안 경구 투여하였다. OVX 양성 대조군에는 17β-estradiol을 10 ㎍/kg의 용량으로 쥐의 등 부위에 피하 주사하였다. 그 결과 TVB-1000 처리군에서 심혈관질환 지표인 TG와 LDL-C가 모든 농도에서 유의하게 감소했다. LDL-C/HDLC 비는 TVB-1000 투여군 중 Medium, High군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 TVB-1000 고농도 처리군에서 복부지방 무게가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. ER- α의 발현량은 저농도 및 중농도 투여군에서 통계적 유의성을 보이며 증가하였으나 ER-β는 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 실험을 통해 TVB-1000은 에스트로겐 유사 효과로 인해 갱년기 증상 중 하나인 심혈관계 질환을 예방하는 기능성 식품 소재로써 유용할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 식물의 영양분 흡수에 따른 식물 성장뿐만 아니라 기공 기능 및 광합성에도 영향을 끼치는 온실의 수증기압차(VPD, Vapor Pressure Deficit)예측을 위한 머신러닝 모델들의 성능을 비교해보았다. VPD 예측을 위해 온실 내·외부 환경요소 및 시계열 데이터의 시간적 요소들과의 상관관계를 확인하고 상관관계가 높은 요소들이 VPD에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 확인하였다. 예측 모델의 성능을 분석하기 전 분석 시계열 데이터의 양(1일, 3일, 7일), 간격(20분, 1시간)이 예측 성능에 미치는 영향을 확인하여 데이터의 양과 간격을 조절하였다. 마지막으로 4개의 머신러닝 예측 모델(XGB Regressor, LGBM Regressor, Random Forest Regressor 등)을 적용하여 모델별 예측 성능을 비교했다. 모델의 예측 결과로 20분 간격의 1일의 데이터를 사용했을 때 LGBM에서 MAE는 0.008, RMSE는 0.011의 가장 높은 예측 성능을 보였다. 또한 20분 후 VPD 예측에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소는 환경적 요인보다는 과거 20분 전의 VPD(VPD_y__71)임을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 VPD 예측을 통해 작물의 생산성을 높이고, 온실의 결로, 병 발생 예방 등이 가능하다. 향후 온실의 환경 데이터 예측뿐만 아니라 더 나아가 생산량 예측, 스마트팜 제어 모델 등 다양한 분야에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.753-760
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of essential oil coated with glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and serum profiles of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 144 weaned piglets (Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire], average weight 8.07±3.33 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups with six replicate pens and eight piglets per pen: i) CON: a corn-soybean basal diet; ii) LEG: with 1,000 mg/kg essential oil coated with GML; and iii) HEG: with 2,000 mg/kg essential oil coated with GML. Results: Results showed that average daily gain was increased (p<0.05) linearly by essential oil coated with GML supplementation on day 14 to 28 and day 0 to 28 compared with the CON group. Dietary supplementation with HEG increased (p<0.05) total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity on day 14, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM concentration on day 28 and tended to increase IgG on day 28. In addition, the crypt depth in the jejunum was reduced (p<0.05), and villus height and villus height/crypt depth in the ileum were increased (p<0.05) in the HEG group compared with the CON group. Moreover, lower (p<0.05) concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, and IL-10 were observed in the jejunum of piglets supplemented with HEG compared with the CON group. In addition, dietary HEG tended to decrease IL-6 level in the jejunum of piglets compared with the CON group. Conclusion: Dietary essential oil coated with GML can improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Moreover, supplementing 2,000 mg/kg essential oil coated with GML was demonstrated to improve antioxidant ability, and intestinal morphology, and reduce jejunal inflammatory factor levels.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 머위에탄올추출물 (PJE)의 기능성 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 UVB로 유도된 Human keratinocyte (HaCaT cell)를 통해 피부장벽과 염증 개선에 대한 활성을 알아보고자 하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능 측정, ABTS⁺ 라디칼 소거능 측정, Hydrogen peroxide 소거능 측정을 통해 항산화 효과를 확인한 결과, 1 mg/ml 농도에서 대조군인 ascorbic acid과 비슷한 항산화 효과를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. UVB로 유도된 HaCaT 세포의 filaggrin과 aquaporin-3의 생성능의 mRNA의 발현을 확인해본 결과, UVB 자극에 의해 줄어든 발현량이 머위 추출물 처리 시, 농도 의존적으로 증가하고 있음을 확인하였다. TNF-𝛼와 IL-1𝛽의 mRNA 발현은 UVB 자극에 의해 증가되었으며 머위 추출물을 처리하였을 때 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Migration assay 결과 농도 의존적으로 피부 각질세포의 증식과 상처의 회복율을 증가시켰음을 확인하였다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 머위가 피부 보습 및 피부장벽 기능을 개선할 수 있는 기능성 소재의 화장품으로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.