• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.583-592
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• 2002

In this paper, we give Hlawka's type inequalities and related results in n-inner product spaces.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.343-356
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• 2001

The purpose of this was to classify consumer groups according to the life styles and analyze buying intention and evaluation criteria of apparel product, opinion to 4p\`s aspect among consumer groups. And it was to clarify relationships between the experience of CATV home shopping and buying intention and evaluation criteria of apparel product, opinion to 4p\`s aspect. The subjects of this study were 270 women living in Chonbuk and Chonnam regardless their experience in CATV home shopping. For data analysis, frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, factor analysis were conducted. The results were as follows; First, the type of life style were classified into the following subdivisions: products confirmed type, price-quality regarded type, time regarded type, new product regarded type. Second, the significant differences among the classified life style groups were found in buying intention, evaluation criteria of apparel product, and opinion to 4p\`s aspect. Third, there were significant differences in buying intention, evaluation criteria of apparel product, and opinion to 4p\`s aspect according to TV home shopping experience.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.601-609
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• 2011

Tensor product immersions of a given Riemannian manifold was initiated by B.-Y. Chen. In the present article we study the tensor product surfaces of two Euclidean plane curves. We show that a tensor product surface M of a plane circle $c_1$ centered at origin with an Euclidean planar curve $c_2$ has harmonic Gauss map if and only if M is a part of a plane. Further, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a tensor product surface M of a plane circle $c_1$ centered at origin with an Euclidean planar curve $c_2$ to have pointwise 1-type Gauss map.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2019

Purpose - Recently, many theoretical researches suggested that arts-based marketing strategies provide many benefits for marketers to differentiate their brand or product from others. However, there has been little research focusing on consumers' response types from artwork (artifact-emotion appraisal; A-emotion vs. represented world-emotion appraisal; R-emotion). In order to deepen our understanding of arts-based marketing strategies, we addressed a research question related to how artwork-provoked consumers' emotional response can impact the perceived evaluation of art infused products. Research design, data, and methodology - To answer the research question, we conducted a pretest and one experimental study. The experimental study was 2(art-provoked response type: A-emotion vs. R-emotion) by 2(emotional valence: positive vs. negative) by 2(produce type: hedonic vs. utilitarian) mixed design. The art-provoked response type and emotional valence were between-subject design and product type was within subject design. For the experimental study, 108 undergraduate students and graduate students were randomly assigned to one of 4 conditions (A-emotion-positive, A-emotion-negative, R-emotion-positive, R-emotion-negative). Participants reported their evaluation of art-infused product and other items for a manipulation check. Results - The major results from the experimental study are as follow. First, participant's art-provoked response type influenced evaluation of art infused products differently. More specifically, the effect of emotional valence of artwork on product evaluation was not significant in A-emotion. However, in R-emotion, relative to the product with artwork provoked negative emotional valence, the product with artwork provoked positive emotional valence elicited significantly higher product evaluation. Second, product type also affected the art infusion effect significantly. Particularly, the differential effect of participant's art-provoked response type on product evaluation revealed when it is for a utilitarian product, but not for a hedonic product. Conclusions - Theoretically, the findings of this study expand academic research on art infusion. And the findings also can be extrapolated to generate lots of implication for marketers. In sum, when they plan art marketing strategies to build the favorable relationship with their customers, they need to consider customers' response type of an infused art and product type.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2014

The current study extends previous research by investigating the role of shopping experience and product type within the direction of online reviews and information reliability and product attitude. To test the hypotheses, this study conducted experimental designs. Direction of online reviews and product type were manipulated as between-subject factors. Then participants were classified into high or low group based on their shopping frequency. Dependent variable was information reliability and product attitude. The results indicate that direction of online reviews have a significant effect on both information reliability and product attitude. In addition, consumers' shopping experience also shows a moderating effect between the direction of online reviews and the dependent variables. Furthermore, product type also shows a moderating effect on the information reliability, yet not on the product attitude. The results of this study contribute to the literature as a new attempt to examine the direction of online reviews in the online shopping area. We also indicated the limitations of this study, and suggested the future research directions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

This study has recently been issued to businesses and consumers who examined the effects of cross-advertising model. Experimental design, the model type (2) ${\times}$ sexuality products (2) ${\times}$ advertising message appeal form (2) is a factorial design. The results are as follows. First, the advertising model, based on the type of cognitive response to advertising than the general model of cross-recall index was higher model. Second, the product of gender identity in response to what the advertising product for women than men was higher index of product recalls. Third, the ad attention model ANOVA results for each type of message, the main effect of appeal type was identified. In addition, the type and model of sexual identity, and message appeal type in the type of model interaction effects were found. Finally, the model-product analysis of goodness of fit, the model type and sexual identity and appeal type messages of main effect were identified. The result is more efficient advertising effect model strategies for promoting meaningful results, it is meant to be confirmed.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

We introduce formal symbols of product type, of zero class, and of minimum type and show that the formal power series representations for $e^p$ and $e^q$ are formal symbols of product type giving the same pseudodifferential operator, where p and q are formal symbols of minimum type and p - q is of zero class.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

We introduce formal symbols of product type and of minimum type and show that the formal power series representation for $e^p$ is a formal symbol of product type, where p is a formal symbol of minimum type.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2015

This paper discusses an optimization-based approach for the design of a product platform for industrial three-axis linear-type robots, which are widely used for handling objects in manufacturing lines. Since the operational specifications of these robots, such as operation speed, working distance and orientation, weight and shape of loads, etc., will vary for different applications, robotic system vendors must provide various types of robots efficiently and effectively to meet a range of market needs. A promising step toward this goal is the concept of a product platform, in which several key elements are commonly used across a series of products, which can then be customized for individual requirements. However the design of a product platform is more complicated than that of each product, due to the need to optimize the design across many products. This paper proposes an optimization-based fundamental framework toward the design of a product platform for industrial three-axis linear-type robots; this framework allows the solution of a complicated design problem and builds an optimal design method of fundamental features of robot frames that are commonly used for a wide range of robots. In this formulation, some key performance metrics of the robot are estimated by a reducedorder model which is configured with beam theory. A multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to represent the trade-offs among key design parameters using a weighted-sum form for a single product. This formulation is integrated into a mini-max type optimization problem across a series of robots as an optimal design formulation for the product platform. Some case studies of optimal platform design for industrial three-axis linear-type robots are presented to demonstrate the applications of a genetic algorithm to such mathematical models.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.95-111
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• 2019

This study aims to measure effects of cause-related marketing by using consumer's preference of cause-related marketing product as a dependent variable. One of main factors influence on preference of cause-related marketing product is a product type. Previous research has shown that hedonic product is more effective for cause-related marketing than utilitarian product. The result was largely explained by the logic of guilt. However, there were conflicting results. In addition, the level of guilt may vary depending on the consumer characteristics or the market environment. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of product type on the effect of cause-related marketing. For the Korean and Chinese markets, this study examines the effect of interactions between countries and product type. The result was significant. Specifically, there was a difference in preference of cause-related marketing product between Korean and Chinese consumers by product type. Based on the findings, implications and limitations of this study and future research directions were presented.