• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.159-176
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• 2006

Collaborative filtering is one of the popular techniques for personalized recommendation in e-commerce. In collaborative filtering, user profiles are usually managed per product category in order to reduce data sparsity. Product diversification of Internet storefronts and multiple product category sales of e-commerce portals require cross-product category usage of user profiles in order to overcome the cold start problem of collaborative filtering. In this paper, we study the feasibility of cross-product category usage of user profiles, and suggest a method to improve recommendation performance of cross-product category user profiling. First, we investigate whether user profiles on a product category can be used to recommend products in other product categories. Furthermore, a way of utilizing user profiles selectively is suggested to increase recommendation performance of cross-product category user profiling. The feasibility of cross-product category user profiling and the usefulness of the proposed method are tested with real click stream data of an Internet storefront which sells multiple product categories including books, music CDs, and DVDs. The experiment results show that user profiles on a product category can be used to recommend products in other product categories. Also, the selective usage of user profiles based on correlations between subcategories of two product categories provides better performance than the whole usage of user profiles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of male innovators and of male opinion leaders across product categories in terms of personality, attitudes, social participation, media usage patterns and demographic aspects. Six product categories such as clothing, cosmetics, small electronic appliances, medium-large electronic appliances, interior supplies and sports-leisure goods was used. A valid and reliable self-report scale was used to measure innovativeness and opinion leadership for 423 male adults living in social area Analyses showed that venturesomeness is the most common characteristics between innovators and opinion leaders across product categories. Innovators showed higher tendency of narcissism while opinion leadership showed higher cosmopolitainsm. Common charateristics of innovators and of opininion leaders of both clothing and cosmetics are cosmopolitanism, narcissism, exhibitionism, venturesomeness. The degrees of social participation and media usage patterns were different according to product categories for both innovators and opinion leaders. The implications of these findings for diffusion theory and merchandising were discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.19-34
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• 2016

Product involvement is an important factor in consumer evaluation of co-branding. However, academic discussions over this factor have largely been neglected. This paper bridges this gap and investigates how product involvement moderates the strength of the reciprocal effect on each brand partner. We validate two theory-driven propositions by using a theoretical modeling approach. Proposition 1 explains that the negative reciprocal effect on partnering brands is stronger in the scenario of higher-involved categories than in lower-involved categories. Proposition 2 argues that the positive reciprocal effect on partnering brands can be more significant in the case of lower-involved categories than in higher-involved categories. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to explore the influence of product involvement on reciprocal effects in the scenario of a moderately-incongruent co-branding alliance.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-189
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• 2006

The product categories that can be sold on-line are expanding. It is interesting to see which product categories have more sales possibilities on internet. Small-sized firms' products have low distribution coverage, low brand recognition, bigger dispersion in the perception on the values which consist of quality vs. price, and higher possibilities of perceived purchase risks. Since on-line shopping is supposed to provide opportunities to small-sized firms that have low distribution and brand power, it is quite necessary to evaluate the fitness of on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories. There are virtually no research studies on the on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories. In this study, based on the integration of SEC, FCB, and related concepts, we develop new theoretical framework and test the fitness of on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories by conducting empirical analysis. The empirical results on 17 product categories show that SEC, FCB, purchase risks, brand factors are somewhat related. Unlike previous studies, since the fitness of SEC and on-line sales are not clearly shown, we need to consider those problems within inter-related multiple frameworks. That is, it is necessary to evaluate the fitness of on-line sales after defining the product categories within the integrated multiple frameworks rather than within the single framework.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.439-451
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• 2021

The study aims to investigate the process employed by companies to intentionally create market categories through implementation of product strategy. Much of the research on market category formation focuses on the spontaneous emergence of market categories, with a few studies focusing on the intentional creation of market categories. In the course of this study, I therefore sought to understand the logic by which companies intentionally create market categories, by treating the process through which market categories are formed as a sensemaking process, and by treating the behavior of a company intentionally forming a market category as an effort to manage this sensemaking process. In empirical study, we conducted an exploratory case analysis through content analysis of company press releases and consumer reviews. It is possible that market categories can be formed or changed if the way in which they are shared among market participants can be changed. In this study, we identified two sense-giving activities for the creation of market categories by firms as follows: (1) reorganizing market categories that flat-panel TV manufacturers in the North American market have attempted to form into subcategories of smart TVs, and (2) connecting them to surrounding categories through strategic labeling to establish new categories.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-84
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• 2005

Most of previous studies have proposed representative product categories which are likely to be sold on the on-line based only on the on-line benefits and risks. However, on-line shopping can be perceived another form of distribution channels from the perspectives of consumers. Therefore, in order to identify product categories which have a great potential to be sold on on-line stores, it is necessary to consider the perception and behavior at off-line shopping contexts as well as on on-line shopping circumstances. In this paper, we investigate the consumers' perception and behavior under both on-line and off-line shopping situations and classify them into several groups based on their perceptual and behavioral characteristics. Based on this classification, we empirically examine the product categories selling well on the on-line shopping. The empirical results show that there exist some patterns between distribution channels (on-line and off-line) and product categories. In addition, there are some differences among consumers regarding the perceptions and behaviors at on-line and off-line situations. Consumers who have high preference for on-line shopping tend to buy much wider product categories from on-line.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

Since the emissions composition from the household products have potentially been associated with health risks for building occupants, the chemical composition emitted from the products should be surveyed. The current study identified the emission composition for 42 liquid household products, using a purge-and-trap method. This evaluation was done by classifying the household products into five product classes (deodorizers, household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Nineteen compounds were chosen on the basis of selection criteria. The quality control program for purge-and-trap and analytical systems included tests of laboratory blank Tenax traps and blank water samples, and the determination of calibration equation, measurement precision, method detection limit (MDL), and recovery. The number of chemicals varied according to the product categories, ranging from 4 for the product category of bleaches to 12 for the product categories of air fresheners and nail color removers. For all product categories, the emission composition and concentrations varied broadly according to product. It is noteworthy that most household products emit limonene: 19 of 25 cleaning products; 5 of 6 deodorizers; 1 of 3 pesticides; 3 of 3 color removers; and 4 of 5 polishes. It was suggested that the use of household products sold in Korea could elevate the formation of secondary toxic pollutants in indoor environments, by the reaction of limonene with ozone, which entered indoor environments or might be generated by indoor sources such as electronic air cleaning devices and copying machines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2011

This study analyzed the content of special selling events in internet shopping malls to establish academic standards for special selling events as tools for sales promotions and to suggest systematic guidelines for marketers designing special selling events. Based on a content analysis, the titles of special selling events from four internet shopping malls selling women's apparel were analyzed. A total of 692 titles were analyzed. The results are as follow. First, the contents categories of special selling events could be classified into two groups such as 'theme' and 'tool'. Season, product characteristics, style, advice/information, brand, annual/social events, and marketing events were the main content categories that came under the 'theme' group; in addition, the price benefit, free offers, product mix, and marketing technique were the main content categories that came under the 'tool' group. Each main content category was subdivided into several segment content categories. Second, most of the titles were composed of more than two segment content categories that involved various information and benefits; however, the portion of titles composed of only theme related content categories or only tool related content categories was substantial. Furthermore, the theme related content categories were more than the tool related content categories. Third, the usage frequencies of the contents categories were analyzed. The upcoming season, single brand, sale/discount, item/material/color, special price/lowest price, and period/time/quantity limits were the segment content categories that held a high rank. Forth, most of the factors that evoked the unplanned purchases of consumers were related to the content categories of special sale events.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.27-39
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop design guidelines for developing innovative products utilizing the characteristics of creative consumers(cresumers) who create alternative usages of consumer products, and to suggest effective way of applying the guidelines in design process. To do this, the study conducted the analysis on the characteristics and types of cresumers and in-depth interviews and observations of actual cresumers. The study was able to initially come up with 131 items in 7 categories through keywordization and affinity analysis of prior outcomes, and reorganized and modified those to 52 items in 4 categories. After verification of co-relationship and credibility analysis with 2 evaluation sessions (7-scale SD), the study has reached 4 categories - product concept development, product development, product use environment, and market possibility - with 46 guideline items. The study developed a design toolkit to effectively apply the guidelines in the product development process. The toolkit consists of three chapters and provides explanations and related examples to clarify the categories and individual guidelines, designed in the form of cards and booklet.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between online apparel impulse buying behavior and product category/price of apparel items. The data were collected using an online survey with a structured questionnaire and a total of 731 responses were retained. Two hypotheses were put forward to test the relationships among the variables. Test of H1 showed that some product categories purchased by the respondents in the impulse purchase group were significantly different from those bought by the non-impulse purchase group. Categories such as shirt/blouse and belt were bought more frequently by the respondents in the impulse purchase group whereas shoes were bought more frequently by those in the non-impulse purchase group. The respondents in the impulse purchase group bought more items that cost less than $25 than those in the non-impulse purchase group. Based on the results, H1 and H2 were supported. From the results of the study, it is concluded that product categories and product price are closely related to the online apparel impulse buying behavior.