• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.296-300
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• 2002

The contents of alkaloids in raw Cho O(Aconiti Ciliare Tuber) and its processed products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Processing methods 1 and 2 lowered the contents of alkaloids more than the method 3. Cho O processed with method 1 or 2 showed even lower alkaloid contents than commercially available Processed Aconiti Tuber Powder(PATP). The contents of aconitine and hypaconitine in MeOH extracts of Cho O treated with method 3(10 min irradiation) and mesaconitine of Cho O treated with method 3(5 min) were comparable to those of PATP.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1990

Aconiti Tuber is the root of Aconitum sp (Ranunclaceae) which has been considered as one of the most important medicinal plant having cordiotonic, diuretic and analgesic effect. On the other hand, it has been known that Aconiti Tuber contained toxic agent, aconitine alkaloids so that only processed Aconiti Tubers have been used as herbal drug traditionally. For the safety evaluation of processed Aconiti Tuber, quantitative determination of aconitine and acute, subacute toxicity test were performed on 5 commercial processed Aconiti Tubers. Arapid and precise method using HPLC has been developed for the separation and determination of aconitine. Samples were extracted with hydrochloric acid (pH3) and hot water decoction. In case of d-HCL extracts, the contents of aconitine were from 0.08 mg/g to trace. But in case of hot water decoction extracts, the contents of aconitine were not detected. For the investigation of Aconiti Tuber toxicity in rats, hot water decoction samples and methanol extracts were tested. 1) Acute toxicity test Hot water decoction sample and methanol extracts from Aconiti Tuber did not show any toxic effects in rats by an oral administration. $LD_50values of 2 extracts were above 10.0 g/kg. 2) Subacute toxicity study In the repeated administration study, hot water decoction samples were given orally to Sprague-Dawlay rats for 2 week at daily doses of 5.0 g/kg. The results are as follows; No toxic manifestation, body weight changes and lethality were observed during wxperimental period. There were no significant changes in serum enzyme activities such as GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP between treated and control groups. However CPK values were decreased in the Subuja-treated group. (P<0.01). In addition, no gross and microscopic changes were noted in Aconiti Tuber-treated groups.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 1990

Crude Aconiti Tubers were irradiated with microwave for 5 or 10 min with or without $NaHCO_3$. Ten min-irradiation reduced the contents of aconitine and mesaconitine to the level of those of commercially available processed Aconiti tuber power which is prepared with the high pressure-high temperature technique. The contents of benzoylaconine of the 10 min-irradiated Aconiti tubers were also comparable to those of commerciallized processed Aconiti tuber powder. However, irradiation with 1% $NaHCO_3$ soln. resulted in the drastic reduction of all the three above alkaloids.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.165-168
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• 2008

A processed Aconiti tuber (Korean name, Kyeong-Po Buja) was extracted with 80% aqueous EtOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc and water ($H_2O$). From the EtOAc fraction, two flavonoids were isolated through repeated silica gel column chromatographies. From the result of physico-chemical data including NMR, mass spectrometry and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined to be liquiritin (1) and liquiritigenin (2). This is the first study to isolate flavonoids (1) and (2) from the processed Aconiti tuber.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1989

In order to establish the standard method for the preparation of processed Aconiti Tuber, Aconiti Tubers were processed under various conditions and the amount and the composition of alkaloids were determined by HPLC. The ratio of sum of benzoylhypaconine and benzoylmesaconine over the sum of acinitine, mesaconitine, benzoylmesaconine and benzoylhypaconine was used as a detoxification index ((BM+BH)${\times}$100/MA+AC+BM+BH). The adequate value of index was obtained from Japanese 'ka-gong bu-ja' which has been used in Japan. The processing procedure was largely devided into two categories. First is heat treating at $120^{\circ}$ and 1. 2 lbs for 60 min. Second is treatment with various kinds of alkaline solutions followed by heat treatment at $120^{\circ}$ and 1. 2 lbs for 60 min. Among the source of processed Aconiti Tubers, dried bu-ja and yom bu-ja, dried bu-ja was more adequate than yom bu-ja because yom bu-ja has the lower value of index than dried bu-ja and lost active components through the desalting periods. Dried bu-ja whish was treated with alkaline solutions followed by heat treatment has the detoxification index, 50% and dried bu-ja which was treated only with hear has 71. 8%. Compared to the value of index of Japanese 'ka-gong bu-ja', 72%, the dried bu-ja treated with heat at $120^{\circ}$ and 1, 2 lbs for 60min was the most adequate. The $LD_{50}$ value of the processed bu-ja was higher than 15 g crude drugs/kg, p.o. in mice.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2004

Aconiti Root(AR), has been used for about 2000 years, since recorded for low grade in 'Shinnongbonchokyung(Divine Husbandman's Herbal Foundation canon)'. It also recorded for Poisonous Drug in 'Myunguibyullok', 'Yaksungron', etc, and they advised when the AR is using for clinical desease it has to be processed. There are more than 13 processing methods, in records that related 39 parts which is recorded in ancient documents. In China, there are no standard of herb that using for clinical, cause of the traditional processing methods was cut since 1960s. In these days, they are using AR that recorded in Aconiti Tuber part of the processing records, in Guangdong and Shantung. In addition, the modification of Processed Aconiti Root(PAR) is also used for goods in Hongkong, Macao, and Southeast Asia. We studied the PAR for enhancing the importance of it, and multiply using. In this study, we search for the history of processing of AR, traditional theories of processing and clinical adaptation.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.368.1-368.1
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• 2002

Mesaconitine and hypaconitine were isolated from Cho O and identified by the spectroscopic methods. The contents of alkaloid (mesaconitine. aconitine and hypaconitine) in the Cho O and its processed products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Processed 1 and 2 methods reduced the contents of alkaloid than those of processed 3 and commercially processed Aconiti Tuber powder. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.179.2-180
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• 2001