• Title/Summary/Keyword: process skill science education

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Comparison between Secondary School Science Teachers' and Students' Perceptions about the Important Aims of Laboratory Activities in Science Instructions (중·고등학교 과학실험활동의 목적에 대한 교사와 학생의 인식 비교)

  • Cho, Hyunjun;Yang, Il-Ho;Lee, Hyonyong
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.103-120
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to compare science teachers' perceptions with students' perceptions about the important aims of laboratory activities in science instructions, to identify whether there was a difference between them. For the purpose, the two questionnaires were designed; for secondary science teacher and secondary student. The samples selected in each group were 108 middle school teachers, 109 middle school students, 104 high school teachers, and 110 high school students. The survey responses from each group were analyzed through multiple response method. The results indicated that science teachers selected the science process skills as important aim of laboratory activity whereas students selected the ability for creative problem-solving and the central tendency of teachers' responses about certain item-science process skill was relatively higher than students' responses about certain item-the ability for creative problem-solving. From these results, we found there was the difference between teachers' perception and students perception about the important aims of laboratory activities in science instructions.

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The Analysis of the Process Elements and the Characteristics of Biologists' and Gifted Students' Designing Experiment Activities (생물학자와 과학영재의 실험설계활동에서 나타나는 과정요소 및 특성 분석)

  • Yang, Il-Ho;Ryu, Seol-Jin;Lim, Sung-Man
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.271-289
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of the research was to analyze the characteristics and the process elements which appeared to the process of designing experiment for biologists and gifted students in science. Four biologists and thirty-two gifted students were participated in this study. The findings indicated that (a) the researcher figured out the process elements could constructed in fifteen elements such as confirming questions, arrange materials, consideration for experimental subjects, searching variables, eliminating variables, selecting variables, planning operation of variables, planning control environmental variables, planning control biological variables, planning the methods of observation and assessment, planning the methods of collecting data, planning the interpretation of data, planning the repetition of experiments, planning the repetition of assessment, safety regulations as well. The biologists concentrated in the particular process elements related with variables, since the science-gifted students concerned the performance whole process elements themselves without deeper consideration, (b) the characteristics of biologists and science-gifted students in the process of designing experiment were as follows; 1) biologists and students showed the process elements which include the domain specific process skills as well, 2) biologists accurately conducted the designing experiments processes with repetition of specific process, since students designed experiments conventionally, and 3) biologists possessed the domain specific skills and know-how about their experiments, but students did not. The results show that the programs of designing experiment activity should be constructed with the process elements which were concentrated by biologists, should provide feedbacks to design experiment more accurately, and should be developed with concern of the process skills and know-hows of biologists.

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Analysis of the Relationship between Cognitive Levels and Achievement of Science Process Skills by Practical Assessment (실험 평가를 통한 탐구과정 기능의 성취도와 인지 수준과의 관계 분석)

  • Min, Hye-Young;Paik, Seoung-Hey;Kang, Dae-Hun
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.256-265
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cognitive levels and achievement of science process skills. A science laboratory process skills test based on optional instrument of the SISS was administered to a sample of 162 students in the 8th grade. Practical assessment tasks consisted of the contents about acid, base, density, and a property of cobalt chloride. The format of this practical test was the station type that students had to conduct a short activity. Science process skills included three sub-skills which were categorized as designing, performing, and reasoning. As cognitive levels develop from concrete operational stage to transition stage and formal operational stage. total scores of science process skills and mean scores of sub-skills were significantly increased. Regardless of cognitive levels. all students were more successful on performing than designing or reasoning. In case of being controlled cognitive levels, gender differences and area differences were not detected in achievement of science process skills. According to these results. there was a strong relationship between cognitive levels and achievement of science process skills by practical assessment. This study implies that considering student's cognitive levels is very important for improving science process skills.

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Effect of a Simulation-based Education on Cardio-pulmonary Emergency Care Knowledge, Clinical Performance Ability and Problem Solving Process in New Nurses (시뮬레이션기반 심폐응급간호교육이 신규간호사의 지식, 임상수행능력 및 문제해결과정에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Yun-Hee;Jang, Keum-Seong
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.245-255
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of simulation-based education regarding care in a cardio-pulmonary emergency care as related to knowledge, clinical performance ability, and problem solving process in new nurses. Methods: An equivalent control group pre-post test experimental design was used. Fifty new nurses were recruited, 26 nurses for the experimental group and 24 nurses for the control group. The simulation-based cardio-pulmonary emergency care education included lecture, skill training, team-based practice, and debriefing, and it was implemented with the experimental group for a week in May, 2009. Data were analyzed using frequency, ratio, chi-square, Fisher's exact probability and t-test with the SPSS program. Results: The experimental group who had the simulation-based education showed significantly higher know-ledge (t=5.76, p<.001) and clinical performance ability (t=5.86, p<.001) for cardio-pulmonary emergency care compared with the control group who had traditional education but problem solving process was not included (t=1.11, p=.138). Conclusion: The results indicate that a simulation-based education is an effective teaching method to improve knowledge and clinical performance ability in new nurses learning cardio-pulmonary emergency care. Further study is needed to identify the effect of a simulation-based team discussion on cognitive outcome of clinical nurses such as problem solving skills.

Development of Programs to Enhance the Scientific Creativity - Based on Theory and Examples - (과학 창의성 계발을 위한 프로그램 개발 - 이론과 예시를 중심으로 -)

  • Han, Ki-Soon;Kim, Byung-No;Choe, Seung-Urn;Jung, Hyun-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.334-348
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    • 2002
  • In this study we have developed programs to enhance the scientific creativity by reviewing literature on the creativity and analyzing the theoretical models related to gifted education. The scientific creativity is regarded as the process of problem solving and problem finding, in particular, solving and finding the ill-defined but significant problems. In general, the important components of the scientific creativity are considered as the scientific knowledge, process skill, divergent/critical thinking, ill-defined problem, and problem finding. The program developed for the purpose of the study is composed of three stages based on Renzulli's model : general exploratory activities, group training activities and individual and small group investigations of real problems. The developed program in this study consists of 4 themes, 15 school hours in the earth science area. The process and products of the program development as well as the background of the present research are described and discussed in detail.

The Effects of Small Group Inquiry Activities Using IIM on Science Process Skills and Scientific Attitudes in Elementary students (IIM을 적용한 소집단 탐구학습이 초등학생들의 과학 탐구능력 및 과학적 태도에 미치는 효과)

  • Park, Yun-Hee;Lee, Ha-Lyong;Moon, Seong-Bae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.148-157
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of small group inquiry activities using IIM on the science process skills and scientific attitudes of students in higher elementary grades. To verify research problems, the subjects of this study were fifth-grade students selected from two classes of an elementary school located in Busan : the research group was composed of thirty students who participated in small group inquiry activities using IIM teaching model situation, and the other was composed of thirty students(comparative group) who participated in a teacher map- based learning situation. For six weeks, the small group inquiry activities using IIM were executed in the research group, while the teacher-map based instruction was conducted in the comparative group Test showed the following results: First, the research group showed a significant improvement in their science process skills compared to the comparative group. Second, the research group did not show a significant improvement in their scientific attitudes compared to the comparative group. In conclusion, small group inquiry activities using the IIM teaching model was more effective than the teacher map-based teaching model on science process skills. However, since the study has a limit on the object of the study and the applied curriculum, the additional studies need to be conducted with an extended comparative group and curriculum.

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A Content Analysis of the test of the National Examination for Registration Nurses in Korea over 3 years (간호사 국가고시문제의 내용분석)

  • 서문자;윤순녕;유지수;송지호;최경숙
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.73-93
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    • 1996
  • This study aimed to analyse the test contents of the national examination for the registered nurses (NERN) over 3 years from 1991 to 1993 in Korea. In recent years in Korea, the MCQ(multiple choice question) has been showing to be a highly recognized method for assessing the qualification of registered nurses. Unfortunately, nursing faculties have found NERN had some bad MCQs through having evaluation workshop for Some MCQs often provide so many unwriting clues which become a bias of the results, and some items fell into the category of the lower level of educational taxonomy such as isolated recall a fact or data. Frequently the stems of the questions are ambigous, unclear, disputable, esoterical or trivial. Considering those fallacies of the national examination, it is very critical to review the test items to see whether it is of high quality, is more fair, reliable and objective in depth. Therefore, this study was done to provide data for the improvement of the test contents as well as the teachers's assessment skill. For this study, the ad hoc committee was composed of 16 members, including 5 education board members of Korean Academic Nurses Association and 11 nursing faculty members. This committee had one day panel discussion and filled the checklist for this study. The process of analysing data was held over 10 times during 1992-1994. The analysis focussed on educational taxonomy such as cognitive domain(knowledge), psychmotor domain (skill), affective domain(attitude) and the level of learning such as recall, understanding, problems solving, and learning area of theory and practice, and the learning content categorised by nursing process and disease process. The test analysed using difficulty index and the structure of the test items was analysed. The conclusions and suggestion as follows : 1. In learning area, the average ratio of the theory and practice was 1 : 1.1 which was less than 1 : 2 suggested by Korean National Health Institute, and the ratio was different by the 8 leaning subjects of nursing. 2. In category of the educational taxonomy, the knowledge domain was emphasized mostly(79. 7%), the skill domain was 14.9%, and the attitude domain was 5.4% only. 3. In the level of learning, generally, the test items of the level of recall(45.5%) and the understanding(46.3%) were covered almost and the problem solving was 8.1%. 4. In the learning contents, generally, the test items related to nursing process was 67.2% and that of disease process was 32.8%. However, this proportion was different by the 8 leaning subjects. Even though the nursing diagnosis has been emphasized in nursing curricula recently, the test items of this was identified very few. 5. In the structure of the test item, some were not clear, incorrect grammar, unclear description and some have clues to answer. 6. In the item analysis, the non-acceptable level of the difficulty index (means too easy) was 65.7%, and the acceptable level was 33.9%. Considering the results we would like to suggest the followings, 1. Since the test items of knowledge domain was dominant, the test items of the practice domain and attitude domain should be emphasized more. 2. The regular review and analysis of NERN should be arranged in order to improve the quality of the test items which will give influence to the nursing education positively.

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Laboratory Abilities to Carry-out Experimentations of Matter in the Middle School Science Texts (중학교 과학 교과서의 '물질 영역' 실험 활동에 포함된 실험 수행 능력)

  • Park, Hyun-Ju;Min, Byoung-Wook;Jeong, Dae-Hong
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.870-879
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate laboratory abilities to carry-out experimentations in the field of 'Matter' in middle school science texts. A total of 359 chemistry experiments from 26 textbooks has been analyzed. The authors of this study are interested in what science process skills are required for students to perform the experiments and how often these skills are needed. This article introduced a framework for analyzing the science process skills and their frequency. There are similar patterns of science process skill use among the different grades of middle school texts. The process skills of organizing results, interpreting data and making generalizations are most needed by the order of frequency. However, abilities related to alternative activities and/or conditions show relatively low frequency. For seniors, various laboratory abilities to carry out experiments are needed, whereas abilities for operating and setting up an experimental apparatus are required in freshmen and juniors. These results suggest avenues for science teachers that make lesson plans involving science experiments.

Critical Thinking in Nursing Science: A Literature Review (간호학적 비판적 사고능력에 대한 문헌고찰)

  • Shin, Su-Jin;Jung, Duk-Yoo
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.117-128
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: The purposes of this study were as follows; 1) To review the definitions of critical thinking from various perspectives, 2) To examine the critical thinking measurements throughout nursing research, and 3) To review the nursing studies with regard to critical thinking. Methods: This study was a literature review with regard to the critical thinking in nursing in aspects of conceptual meaning, measurements, and research. Results: The definition of critical thinking in nursing included decision making in clinical setting, inference with logical construct to increase nursing quality, interpretation in the context, and evaluation. The critical thinking was a core concept, which meant not only simple nursing process, but included decision making ability. The critical thinking has been conceptualized by both critical thinking disposition and skill. However, there was no nursing specified critical thinking measurement. Critical thinking research has been conducted to describe critical thinking disposition and critical thinking, to determine relationships between critical thinking and clinical competency, and to evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs. Conclusion: The instruments for measuring critical thinking disposition and skill that contain cultural difference and clinical specificity need to be developed to measure critical thinking and increase it.

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Development and Intervention Effect of Customized Instructional Program for Underachievers in Middle School Science (중학교 과학학습 부진 유형별 맞춤형 프로그램의 개발 및 적용 효과)

  • Lee, Kyung-Hee;Han, Mi-Jung;Kim, Min-Jeong;Choi, Byung-Soon
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.421-436
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    • 2014
  • The purposes of this study were to develop the customized instructional programs by the causes of science underachievement and to identify the effectiveness of these programs. For these, we analyzed the characteristics of underachievers and causes of science underachievement and classified 22 7th grade science underachievers into three different types such as lack of science process skill, lack of science learning motivation, and lack of science learning strategy. They then were divided into the experimental and comparative groups. Instructional programs treated for both groups covered the same topics and were conducted once a week for 60 minutes each time for 15 weeks. Eleven students in the comparative group were treated with an activity-centered science program that dealt with basic science concepts. Unlike science underachievers in the comparative group, those in the experimental group were given customized instructional program. After the treatment, students were administered several tests including a test on awareness of the program, science process skill test, science learning motivation and strategy test, and academic science achievement test. In addition to the results of those tests, worksheets, daily activity reports, and interviews were used to evaluate a customized instructional program that was applied to the experimental group. Results of the study showed that these programs relieved science underachievers from the cause of poor achievement and accordingly help them achieve better performance in academics. In addition, both lack of learning motivation and lack of learning strategy types tended to relieve the other causes of science underachievement. Also, the experimental group showed a high level of satisfaction with the customized instructional programs.