• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.91-99
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• 2008

The identification of thermal hazards associated with a process such as heats of reaction and understanding of thermodynamics before any large scale operations are undertaken. The evaluation of thermal behavior with operating conditions such as a reaction temperature, stirrer speed and reactants concentration in neutralization process of pigment plant are described. The experiments were performed by a sort of calorimetry with multimax reactor system The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of heat of reaction in terms of safety reliability to be practical applications. It suggested that we be proposed safe operating conditions and securities for accident prevention on reactor explosion through this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.61-65
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• 2010

Most of the chemical reactions performed in the chemical industry are exothermic, meaning that thermal energy is released during the reaction. It is also important to understand the thermal hazards such as thermal stabilities and runaway reactions, which are governed by thermodynamics and reaction kinetics of the mixed materials. The paper was described the evaluation of thermal behavior caused by an exothermic batch process in manufacture of the vinyl acetate resin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the thermal stabilities of raw materials with operating conditions such as a reaction inhibitor, heating rate, reaction atmosphere and the mount of methanol charged in the vinyl acetate polymerization process. The experiments were performed in the differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), C 80 calorimeter, and thermal screening unit($TS^u$). It was suggested that we should provide the thermal characteristics for raw materials to present safe precautions with operating conditions in the vinyl acetate polymerization process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate types and characteristics of chemical substances used in LCD(Liquid crystal display) panel manufacturing process. Methods: The LCD panel manufacturing process is divided into the fabrication(fab) process and module process. The use of chemical substances by process was investigated at four fab processes and two module processes at two domestic TFT-LCD(Thin film transistor-Liquid crystal display) panel manufacturing sites. Results: LCD panels are manufactured through various unit processes such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition(CVD), etching, and photolithography, and a range of chemicals are used in each process. Metal target materials including copper, aluminum, and indium tin oxide are used in the sputtering process, and gaseous materials such as phosphine, silane, and chlorine are used in CVD and dry etching processes. Inorganic acids such as hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid are used in wet etching process, and photoresist and developer are used in photolithography process. Chemical substances for the alignment of liquid crystal, such as polyimides, liquid crystals, and sealants are used in a liquid crystal process. Adhesives and hardeners for adhesion of driver IC and printed circuit board(PCB) to the LCD panel are used in the module process. Conclusions: LCD panels are produced through dozens of unit processes using various types of chemical substances in clean room facilities. Hazardous substances such as organic solvents, reactive gases, irritants, and toxic substances are used in the manufacturing processes, but periodic workplace monitoring applies only to certain chemical substances by law. Therefore, efforts should be made to minimize worker exposure to chemical substances used in LCD panel manufacturing process.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10d
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• pp.244-246
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• 2006

Softwares in railway system are being used in the area of railway control system, directly associated to safety. Because the instinct characteristic of Software is uncertainty, Software development without safety insurance is very hazardous situation. In order to derive safety certification process in the railway system, certification and approval processes in the nuclear, aviation, and military area are studied. Software quality should be improved by two aspects : one is product aspect, another is process aspect. GS(Good Software) and ES(Excellent Software) certification can be exemplified in a product aspect approach. In those process certification, CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) or SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination : ISO/IEC15504) is being used as models for assessing process maturity of organization. Following the studies, safety management procedure in the railway system is suggested.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1566-1573
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• 2008

Generally, a system or service is verified by requirements if it has met them in transforming customer requirements into a system or service. But as the national research and development projects to develope safety systems or standards or process in railway system domain, it can be quite limiting that the product or systems verification process presented the international or industrial standards to be applied. This paper has analyzed and made up for the general verification process and presented the effective and efficient verification process about safety system, safety standard, process, and safety documents and the methods to manage the outcomes of verification process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1999

The article 49-2 of Industrial Safety Law requires that all the owners of industrial plants which contains dangerous facilities perform the process safety management. That is, this law requires the owners of industrial plants to take necessary measures to prevent fire, harmful gas leaking, explosion, and other serious accidents that could cause demage and injuries to the employees. So far, domestic chemical plants have tried to invest money and time in safety management. But, such efforts have been made only in chemical plants that were subsidiaries of large business groups. Moreover, since the economic crisis of Korea which is symbolized by the IMF bailout, small and medium size companies could not afford to invest in safety management. Their major concern is to increase productivity and thereby, survive in this crisis. The goal of this research is to develop the process safety management system that can help small and medium size companies to positively secure the process safety management. So, in developing the process safety management system, the financial and practical difficulties of such companies are fully taken into consideration.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.863-877
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• 2016

The study aimed to investigate the influence of perceived patient safety culture on patient safety management activity in the dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 292 dental hygienists in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggido from March 1 to April 8, 2016. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects (9 items), patient safety culture (44 items), and patient safety management activity (25 items) by Likert 5 point scale. Data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression test, and post-hoc Tukey test using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The perceived patient safety culture was 3.50 on average. Entire organization was the highest score (3.68) and followed the communication process (3.55), the environment of work unit (3.47), the attitude of supervisor/manager (3.45), and the frequency of events reported (2.98). The average of patient safety management activity was 3.71. As for the factors of patient safety culture on patient safety management activity, communication process was the most influential factor (${\beta}=0.268$), and followed the entire organization (${\beta}=0.265$), the environment of work unit (${\beta} =0.166$), the frequency of events reported (${\beta}=0.104$), and among the control variables. Work place proved to be the only significant variable. Conclusions: In order to promote patient safety management activity of dental institutions, the patient safety culture should be created and established. The influence of communication process and patient safety culture at entire organization level was huge. So the environment of work unit and the perceived patient safety culture in the process of reported events were influencing factors. The strategy for patient safety management activity should be considered because of low level of perceived patient safety culture.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2008

This study is carried out for the fire safety of the factory building, the fire risk reduction measure in compliance with an example approached in fire risk reduction systematically, contribute to reduce the fire risk. The analytical fire risk process of discovering, identifying, estimating and evaluating risk and control measure as risk reduction measures are core concept, applies loss prevention with loss control techniques. The painting process in the workplace where the fire hazard and death accident accompanies coexists. Loss prevention problem of creation prevention of dangerous atmosphere at workplace is health and human services problem of normal circumstances, must be inspected with problem of combustible gases at the time of fire explosion. Static electricity measure accomplished the risk control process thoroughly as the fire risk reduction process model with the ignition sources measure which is presented. Fire risk from within organizing will be able to classify with each field by detailedly but risk treatment process will be able to apply basically all the same concept. Consequently about risk management example from before, this study is proposed risk management techniques that standardized rightly in the actual condition of organization with one plan, with discovery of fire risk, the feedback process in compliance with a fire risk reduction and the review which control the result is joint responsibility of engineer, technical expert and manager as part of safety management to practice with the fact must be supervised.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2023

This study analyzed the fire status of a rubber product manufacturing factory based on 19 years of fire data. Through the analysis of the current state of fire, electrical fires accounted for 58.19%, and among electrical fires, motor fires were the highest at 26.21%. For the motor fire occurrence process, the curing process accounted for the highest rate of 51.9%. Therefore, the installation environment was investigated for the motor in the curing process, and it was confirmed that the motor's maximum ambient temperature exceeded 40℃. In particular, in the case of the motor for curing operation, the motor was installed in a separate motor room, so the average indoor temperature was 48.10℃ and the motor frame's maximum temperature was 72.80℃. In this study, the risk of motor fire was confirmed through a field survey, and a safety management plan was derived by finding a process with high fire risk and conducting an experiment on the motor's installation environment and electrical characteristics in that process.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.493-499
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to construct a job-exposure matrix for lead that accounts for industry and work processes within industries using a nationwide exposure database. Methods: We used the work environment measurement data (WEMD) of lead monitored nationwide from 2015 to 2016. Industrial hygienists standardized the work process codes in the database to 37 standard process and extracted key index words for each process. A total of 37 standardized process codes were allocated to each measurement based on an automated key word search based on the degree of agreement between the measurement information and the standard process index. Summary statistics, including the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and 95th percentile level (X95), was calculated according to industry, process, and industry process. Using statistical parameters of contrast and precision, we compared the similarity of exposure groups by industry, process, and industry process. Results: The exposure intensity of lead was estimated for 583 exposure groups combined with 128 industry and 35 process. The X95 value of the "casting" process of the "manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals" industry was 53.29 ㎍/m³, exceeding the occupational exposure limit of 50 ㎍/m³. Regardless of the limitation of the minimum number of samples in the exposure group, higher contrast was observed when the exposure groups were by industry process than by industry or process. Conclusion: We evaluated the exposure intensities of lead by combination of industry and process. The results will be helpful in determining more accurate information regarding exposure in lead-related epidemiological studies.