• 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회:발표자료
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• pp.205-242
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• 2001

This paper aims to provide a better understanding about how Information and Communication technology (ICT) has diffused. The investigation is conducted with the consideration of ICT evolution in terms of technological change and usage pattern. The definition used is presented as 'the ICT is a process of convergence of technologies between information-processing and information-transforming technologies, mainly due to the advent of microelectronlcs'. After examining technological changes of ICT, the diffusion path of ICT is traced through the usage ratio in total input and/or investment based on Input-Output tables (I-O). It shows that the evolution of ICT from the change of usage pattern is an up-and-down usage pattern rather than a uni-modal usage time path. With this recognition, the diffusion index is prepared. JEL classification : C43, L63, O33.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-92
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• 1995

The study is about the process of modernization of conventional rural houses in Kyung-gi province. It alms to identify the pattern of change, particularly focusing on the changes of the site plan and plan. The site of study is Samga Village, in YongIn County, near Seoul. The study discusses the process of modernization during the three decades from 1960 to 1980. The basic information was obtained through field research and site analysis, and the study relies predominatly on observational and statistical analysis. Four developmental stages can be clearly identified which are ; (1) Traditional type, (2)Modified-traditional type, (3) Saemaul type, and (4) The type of urban houses. The analysis was done through identification of changing site plan and plan. It is interesting to note that the changes of these elements show a certain pattern of sequential steps which also can be classified according to the four developmental stages mentioned above. The pattern of site design was consistantly maintained while plan and building system became very different However, the process of modernization of Korean rural houses was the process of producing a certain type of architecture that is not universal but uniquely Korean.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2022

Systematic quality control based on real time data is required for modern factories. This study introduced a method of predicting punch wear in the trimming process of automobile parts. Based on monitoring data of the mass production process using a bolt-type piezo sensor, it was shown that precursor symptoms of die wear could be predicted from the change in load pattern with respect to production volume. The load pattern that changed according to the wear of the die was verified by numerical analysis.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집 - 한국공작기계학회
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• pp.447-452
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• 2000

The grinding plays a key role which decide the quality of a product finally. But the grinding process is very irregular, so it is very difficult to analyse the process accurately. Therefore it is very important in the aspect of precision and automation to reduce the idle time and to decide the proper dressing time by visualizing. In this study, we choose the direct method of observation by making use of computer vision, and apply pattern classification technique to the method of measuring the wheel surface. Pattern classification technique is proper to analyse complex surface image. We observe the change of the wheel surface by making use of the gray level run lengths which are representative prince in this technique.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.342-343
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• 2013

AlSb is a promising material for optical devices, particularly for high-frequency and nonlinear-optical applications. And AlSb offers significant potential for devices such as quantum-well lasers, laser diodes, and heterojunction bipolar transistors. In this work we study molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of an unstrained AISb film on a GaAs substrate and identify the real-time monitoring capabilities of in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The samples were fabricated on semi-insulating (0 0 1) GaAs substrates using MBE system. A rotating sample stage ensured uniform film growth. The substrate was first heated to $620^{\circ}C$ under As2 to remove surface oxides. A GaAs buffer layer approximately 200 nm- thick was then grown at $580^{\circ}C$. During the temperature changing process from $580^{\circ}C$ to $530^{\circ}C$, As2 flux is maintained with the shutter for Ga being closed and the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern remaining at ($2{\times}4$). Upon reaching the preset temperature of $530^{\circ}C$, As shutter was promptly closed with Sb shutter open, resulting in the change of RHEED pattern from ($2{\times}4$) to ($1{\times}3$). This was followed by the growth of AlSb while using a rotating-compensator SE with a charge-coupled-device (CCD) detector to obtain real-time SE spectra from 0.74 to 6.48 eV. Fig. 1 shows the real time measured SE spectra of AlSb on GaAs in growth process. In the Fig. 1 (a), a change of ellipsometric parameter ${\Delta}$ is observed. The ${\Delta}$ is the parameter which contains thickness information of the sample, and it changes in a periodic from 0 to 180o with growth. The significant change of ${\Delta}$ at~0.4 min means that the growth of AlSb on GaAs has been started. Fig. 1b shows the changes of dielectric function with time over the range 0.74~6.48 eV. These changes mean phase transition from pseudodielectric function of GaAs to AlSb at~0.44 min. Fig. 2 shows the observed RHEED patterns in the growth process. The observed RHEED pattern of GaAs is ($2{\times}4$), and the pattern changes into ($1{\times}3$) with starting the growth of AlSb. This means that the RHEED pattern is in agreement with the result of SE measurements. These data show the importance and sensitivity of SE for real-time monitoring for materials growth by MBE. We performed the real-time monitoring of AlSb growth by using SE measurements, and it is good agreement with the results of RHEED pattern. This fact proves the importance and the sensitivity of SE technique for the real-time monitoring of film growth by using ellipsometry. We believe that these results will be useful in a number of contexts including more accurate optical properties for high speed device engineering.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2009

This study has focused on manufacturing technique of powder injection molding of watch case made from zirconia powder. A series of computer simulation process was applied to prediction of the flow pattern in the inside of the mould to clarifying the change of sintering shrinkage depended on flow direction. The material properties of melted feedstock inclusive of the PVT graph and thermal viscosity flowage properties were measured for obtaining the input data in computer simulation. Also, molding experiment was conducted and the results of experiment showed that good agreement with simulation results for flow pattern and weld line location. On the other hand, gravity and inertia effect have an influence on velocity of melt front because of high density of ceramic powder particles in powder injection molding against the polymer injection molding process. In the experiment, the position of melt front was compared with upper gate and lower gate position. The gravity and inertia effect could be confirmed in the experimental results.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

In this paper, we consist of three dimensional acceleration sensor as a small-sized sensor module to acquire base technologies that need to estimate exhibition audience' moving distance. and that we developed algorism and device that can calculate acceleration in gravity direction with attaching it to people's body part without regard to three dimensional direction. By making use of the sensor module, we have to process the data that let it quantitatively process possible to measure people's walk and movement by computer system. We normalized sensor output data in the process of change from sensor module to acquisition of data, rectangular coordinates and single scalar acceleration value in gravity direction. Printed out sensor data attaching sensor module to people's body part is used for motion pattern detection after normalization, Motion sensor devised mode change algorism because it print data of other pattern according to attached position of body. For algorism design, we collected data occurring during walking about subject and we also defined occurring problem domain after analyzing the data. We settle defined problem domain and that we simulated the walking number measuring instrument with highly efficient in restricted environment.

• 한국정보기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2018

최근 자율 주행 자동차에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 자율 주행 자동차는 보행자 검출 및 인식 기술이 중요하다. 최근에 주로 사용되는 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)을 이용한 보행자 검출은 대체로 좋은 성능을 보이나 영상의 환경에 따른 성능 저하가 있다. 본 논문에서는 LGP-FL(Local Gradient Pattern-Feature Layer)을 추가한 CNN Network를 기반으로 해마 신경망의 장기 기억 구조를 적용한 보행자 검출 시스템을 제안한다. 먼저 입력 이미지를 $227{\times}227$의 크기로 변경한다. 그 후 총 5개 층의 Convolution layer를 거쳐 특징을 추출한다. 그 과정에서 추가되는 LGP-FL에서는 LGP 특징 패턴을 추출하여 출현 빈도수가 높은 패턴을 장기 기억 장치에 저장한다. 이후 검출 과정에서 밝기 및 색상 변화에 강인한 LGP 특징 패턴 정보를 이용해 검출함으로써 보다 정확하게 보행자를 검출할 수 있다. 기존의 방법들과 제안하는 기법의 비교를 통해 약 1~4%의 검출률 증가를 확인하였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.68-84
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• 1992

The development of Buddhist architectures of the Unified Silla period have been generally understood to have paired pagoda instead of one which had been popular until before the unification. Besides the stylistic categorization of paired pagoda system, there had been no further investigation reported concerning whether there was any detailed process of change within the development of paired pagoda style. This paper aims to identify such change inside the development of paired pagoda style, which, externally, seems to be the same pattern of site design maintained throughout the period of Unified Silla that lasted for about three centuries. Since the temple sites of study are in the same pattern of layout, the method of investigation has to be such that can identify the subtle changes that, in external appearance, are not easily discernible. Hence, this research compared the dimensions of important measurement of five temple sites to be able to clarify the process of minor changes. Among many sites of Silla temples, only five were suitable for the research since detailed measurement were possible through field research or the report of excavation. They are the sites of Sachonwang-sa, Mangduk-sa, site of Kunsuri, and Bulguk-sa. Although the five sites have the same style of paired pagoda, it is clear that there were consistant flow of change. Even though the motivation of such change were not strong enough to change the site pattern itself, it resulted continuous minor changes such as the size and location of architectures. The size of image hall, for example, was growing larger and larger as time goes on, while, the size of Pagoda was getting smaller. In the same way, the size of middle gate became smaller while the size of lecture hall became larger, although the rate of change in these cases were not as severe as that of image hall and pagoda. At the same time, pagoda was coming closer to the middle gate leaving larger space in front of the image hall. Such aspect is even more meaningful considering the fact that the pagoda, from the 8th century in Japan and China, moved outside of the major precinct. The image hall, too, moved toward the middle gate slightly so that the space in front of the lecture hall became more spacious. Such changes, of course, were not accidental but they are the same continuous motivation of change that caused the changes before the period of unification. Enlargement of image hall and reduction of pagoda, for example, represent the changing relative importance of religious meaning. Hence, it is evident that one can not easily imterprete the development of one style only by categorizing it to be one same style. In the veiwpoint of the underlying motivation of change, the fact that one style persisted for a certain period of time, does not mean there had been no change, but means that it was the time of motivational accumulation, causing minor changes within the same style, to be able to create major change coming after.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.767-772
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• 2006

The SWTR(Surface Water Treatment Rule) requires achieving removal 99.9% Giardia and 99.99% Virus. To remove Giardia and Virus, disinfection process is essential process. CT is important index for Disinfection performance. CT value is expressed by CXT. C is represented by disinfection concentration and T is represented by $T_{10}$ which means 90% contact time in clearwell. To improve Disinfection performance, it is desirable to increase $T_{10}$. Primary factor affected $T_{10}$ is flow Pattern. Because guide wall change that flow pattern is uniform, we have installed guide wall to increase $T_{10}$. In this paper, we have performed numerical analysis for clearwell installed symmetric guide wall and center divided guide wall using CFD. We have analyzed flow pattern and $T_{10}$ in each clearwell. And. we compare symmetric guide wall with center divided guide wall in flow pattern and $T_{10}$.