• 사회복지연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.239-262
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 우리 헌법에서 수용하고 있는 적법절차원칙에 비추어, 현행 국민기초생활보장법에서 급여변경 및 중지시 적용되는 절차의 적정성을 고찰한다. 동법에서는 사후적인 이의신청절차만을 명시하고 있으며, 분쟁을 심사하는 심판자의 독립성을 보장하는 장치가 마련되지 않은 한계가 있다. 그 결과 수급자는 행정기관의 일방적인 조치에 의해 급여가 박탈되어 즉각적인 생계위협을 겪고, 구제절차에서도 공정한 심판을 받지 못하는 불이익을 당하기 쉽다. 급여의 변경 및 중지는 수급자의 헌법적 또는 법률적 권리를 제한하는 행정작용으로서 적법절차원칙에 따라 절차의 공정성과 합리성이 요구된다고 본다. 급여 변경 및 중지의 경우 적법절차를 만족하기 위해서는, 이의신청 기회가 해당 조치 시행 전에 마련되어야 하며, 심판자의 독립성이 적절한 수준에서 보장되고, 이 때 수급자가 심판자 앞에서 구두로 의견을 표현할 기회가 제공되는 등 절차적 보호장치가 마련되어야 한다. 이를 위해 행정절차법상의 청문절차를 적용하는 것이 적합하다고 보며, 이에 급여변경 또는 중지시 수급자의 청문에의 기회를 권리로서 보장하도록 국민기초생활보장법을 개정해야 한다고 주장한다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.371-388
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• 2013

In ${\ll}$The Method${\gg}$, Archimedes presented the famous heuristic technique for calculating areas, volumes and centers of gravity of various plane and solid figures, utilizing the law of the lever. In that treatise, Archimedes used the fact that the center of gravity of a cone lies one-quarter of the way from the center of the base to the vertex, but the proof of this is not extant in his works. This study analyzes the propositions and their relations of ${\ll}$The Method${\gg}$ focusing on the procedural characteristics of the 'method' of Archimedes. According to the result of that analysis, this study discusses the likely approach which was taken for Archimedes to find out the center of gravity of a cone.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2013

The article makes a discussion to conceptualize a histo-genetic principle in the real historical view point. The classical histo-genetic principle appeared in 19th century was founded by the recapitulation law suggested by biologist Haeckel, but recently it was shown that the theory on it is no longer true. To establish the alternative rationale, several metaphoric characterizations from the history of mathematics are suggested: among them, problem solving, transition of conceptual knowledge to procedural knowledge, generalization, abstraction, circulation from phenomenon to substance, encapsulation to algebraic representation, change of epistemological view, formation of algorithm, conjecture-proof-refutation, swing between theory and application, and so on.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

본 논문은 건축구조 관련규제를 검토하여 분석함으로서 건축구조 안전에 대한 제도적 문제를 도출하고자 하였다. 분석대상 법령으로는 건축법과 동시행령, 동시행규칙, 건축물의 구조기준 등에 관한 규칙 건축구조기준을 대상으로 하였다. 분석결과로는 구조안전의 확인 절차상의 적용에 미비점이 있는 것으로 분석되어 개선방안을 제시하였다. 보완사항으로는 용어사용의 적합성과 구조안전확인서 적용의 적합성, 특수구조의 건축구조기준 제정이다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.224-228
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• 2021

The article is devoted to the problems and prospects of integration of informational technologies in the administration of justice as a necessary component of the development of the informational society in Ukraine. In general, informational technologies make it possible to create new forms of organization and interaction of bodies of public authorities with society, to introduce innovative solutions for legal regulation and organization of public relations. More and more services for citizens are moving to electronic format. Judicial reform is aimed at ensuring more comfortable and convenient interaction with the courts. The need for the usage of informational technology in the proceedings is preconditioned by the global informatization of modern society, the development of new forms of interaction in the civil sphere with the usage of electronic means of communication: the global Internet, mobile, and satellite communication systems and more. "Electronic justice" involves the use of information and communication technologies in the implementation of procedural law.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.107-128
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• 2023

International arbitration is a widely preferred alternative dispute resolution mechanism for many desirable characteristics, such as, party autonomy, procedural flexibility, ability of parties to select their arbitrators, as well as, finality of arbitral awards, among others. However, because arbitral tribunals derive their authority and jurisdiction from the parties' agreement(s) to arbitrate their dispute(s), arbitral tribunals lack coercive powers that national courts have. At times, arbitral tribunals have to deal with circumstances of non-production and/or spoliation of evidence, and due to the lack of coercive authority, it may be challenging to compel such recalcitrant parties to produce the relevant evidence and/or witnesses. Therefore, adverse inferences drawn against the recalcitrant parties may be the most effective sanctions. This article explores the sources of authority for arbitral tribunals to make such adverse inferences and argues for a precise set of rules or standard to be consistently applied by the arbitral tribunals in order to increase predictability in arbitral proceedings. Additionally, some of the critical issues when considering adverse inferences as sanctions are discussed.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.155-180
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to examine the major elements of Arbitration Clause in international investment contracts and to help the investor, especially foreign investors, considering these elements when they draft the contracts. First of all, to describe the extent of the arbitrable issues broadly is very important by using the phrase such as "disputes in connection with". Furthermore in order to be enforceable, the issues must be a subject-matter to be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the laws of the place of arbitration and the law application to the merits of the disputes (N.Y. Convention, Art. II). Second, the appointment of the arbitrators usually shall be based on the principle of freedom of contract. If the parties do not agree on the appointment, it is decided in accordance with the arbitration rules of the institution by the tribunal. Third, the procedural rules of the arbitration are the arbitration rules of the arbitration institution in case of institution arbitration, unless otherwise agreed. Forth, what is the most importance element of Arbitration Clause is the place of arbitration. In this case, also the principle of freedom of contract has priority. Unless otherwise agreed, Washington is the place of arbitration in case of ICSID Arbitration, but in case of ICC Arbitration, neutral third country may be the place of arbitration. However in case of ad hoc arbitration, both parties should indicate the place. If not, the whole arbitration may be paralysed by an uncooperative party. Besides the major elements, I examined the relation between the arbitration clause and award enforcement in terms of sovereign immunity. The enforcement of awards in the field of state contracts many encounter the problem of the sovereign immunity, which means that the State itself or the State enterprise is the contract partner. To avoid the this problems, it is advisable for the parties insert the clause such as ICSID Model Clause XIX.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.121-144
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• 2007

The International Chamber of Commerce has been the world's leading organization in the field of international commercial dispute resolution. Established in 1923 as the arbitration body of ICC, the International Court of Arbitration has pioneered international commercial arbitration as it is known today. The ICC International Court of Arbitration is the world's foremost institution in the resolution of international business disputes. While most arbitration institutions are regional or national in scope, the ICC Court is truly international. The purpose of this paper is to examine their advantages and to introduce main contents provided in ICC Rules of Arbitration as follows; First, before the actual merits of the case can be addressed, the Arbitral Tribunal must first draw up the Terms of Reference. The Terms of Reference should include the particulars listed in the ICC Rules. Apart from the full names and description of the parties and arbitrators, the place of arbitration and a summary of the parties' respective claims, they contain particulars concerning the applicable procedural rules and any other provisions required to make the Award enforceable at law Second, the Scrutiny is a fundamental feature of ICC arbitration and is one that distinguishes it from the other major international arbitration rules. The scrutiny system has two aspects ; the first is to identify or modify the defects of form, while the second is to draw the arbitrators' attention to points of substance. Third, as soon as practicable, the Court fixes an advance on costs intended to cover the estimated fees and expenses of the arbitrators, as well as the administrative expenses of ICC. Specially, the advance on costs fixed by the Court shall be payable in equal shares by the Claimant and Respondent. Finally, the parties are also free to select the arbitrator or arbitrators of their choice. The Court or the Secretary General confirms arbitrators nominated by the parties. Taking a step forward, to upgrade the quality of the award of KCAB, it is desirable to consider how to incorporate the main contents of the ICC Arbitration into Korea Commercial Arbitration Rules.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-132
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• 2019

The arbitration procedure, which is a private trial, does not have a separate enforcement agency. Therefore, unless a party consents to the arbitration award and voluntarily fulfills the award, its execution is accomplished through the implementation of the national court. In particular, the decision in the foreign arbitration procedure will be refused or rejected for the arbitration award in case the proceedings of the law and procedure on which the judgment is based are caused by inconsistency with the domestic law or procedural defect. However, all foreign arbitration awards generally do not have to go through the approval process, and it will come into force with the arbitration award. In the case of Germany in the revision of the German Civil Procedure Act of 1996, the main provisions of the New York Convention concerning the ratification and enforcement of arbitration proceedings are reflected. Germany provides for the arbitration procedures in the arbitration proceedings of Book 10 of the Civil Procedure Act. Particularly, with Article 1061 in Book 10 Section 8 below, the approval and enforcement of foreign arbitrators shall be governed. Article 1061 has been referred to as "The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Jurisdictions," Article 5 (1). The main reasons for approval and enforcement rejection are: (1) Reason for the acceptance or refusal of enforcement by request of the parties: Reason for failure of subjective arbitration ability, invalidation of arbitration agreement, collapse of attack or defense method, dispute not included in arbitration agreement, (2) Reasons for the approval and enforcement of arbitration considered by the competent authority of the arbitrator: violation of objective arbitration ability, violation of public order, but not based on the default of German statute.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제2권11호
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• pp.801-808
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• 2013

인터랙티브 3D 콘텐츠에서 가상공간은 현실세계를 얼마나 충분히 반영하느냐에 따라 사용자의 심리적 만족도가 결정된다. 완성도 높은 가상공간을 표현하기 위해서는 몇 가지 요소가 필요하다. 첫째는 시각적 효과를 높이기 위해서 많은 폴리곤과 해상도 높은 텍스쳐를 이용한 모델링 기법이다. 둘째는 기능상의 효과이다. 이것은 가상공간과 사용자 또는 시스템과의 인터랙션을 통한 동적 행위들이 얼마나 사실적으로 표현되는가이다. 이를 위해 가상의 캐릭터에 대한 애니메이션 생성하고 행동을 제어 할 수 있는 기법에 대한 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 긴 제작 시간 또는 높은 비용이 소요되거나 원하는 행동을 생성하지 못하는 경우가 발생하는 문제점이 발견되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 캐릭터의 동작을 생성하는 최적화되어 있는 골격구조를 설계하고 물리법칙과 수학적 해석을 이용한 절차적 기법을 통해 인공물고기의 행동 제어하는 방법을 제시한다. 이는 정해진 이벤트에 대해 반응하는 일대일 대응 규칙의 한계성에서 벗어나 간단한 파라미터의 조작을 통해 제작 시간을 단축하고 시각적 만족도를 높일 수 있을 것이다.