• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

Objectives : The present study was conducted to unveil the existence of a medical technique called Chicken-foot-shaped needling method("Gaejokchimbup") from the mid-Chosen Dynasty era and for historical investigation of this technique. Methods : Among historical literatures from China, Korea, and Japan on acupuncture and moxibustion, mentions of "Gaejok"(chicken foot) were searched for and studied. Results : Among the Chinese literatures, some medical scholars made references to "chicken foot" after mentioned in Lingshu Jing. In the Korean literatures, Donguibogam gave it the name Gaejokchimbup and mentioned it. In Japan's Chimgugeukbeecho which contains the acupuncture and moxibustion knowledge of Korean doctors, the procedural method was explained in detail. Conclusions : According to these ancient medical literatures, Gaejok was used largely in two meanings. First meaning was performing acupuncture with 3~4 needles in a chicken foot-like shape on a narrow area, whereas the second meaning was using one acupuncture needle and repeatedly inserting the needle while changing directions according to a path in the shape of a chicken's foot. Based on Rumenshiqin and Chimgugeukbeecho, which contain records of actual clinical experiences, Gaejokchimbup appears to have been used as the second method mention above.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 1991년도 제3회 한글 및 한국어정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.196-208
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• 1991

This study focused on the role of prefabricated speech (routines and patterns) in the L2 acquisition process. The data for this study consisted of spontaneous speech samples and various observational records of three Korean children learning English as L2 in a nursery school. The specific questions addressed here were: (1) What routines, patterns, and creative constructions did the children use? (2) What was the general trend in the three children's use of routines, patterns, and creative constructions over time? The data were collected over a period of one school year by observing the children in their school. The findings were discussed from the perspective of human information processing. This study found that prefabricated speech played a significant role in the three children's L2 acquisition. The automatic processing of prefabricated speech appeared to enable the children to reduce the burden on their information processing systems, which allowed the saved resources available for other language development activities. Also, the children's language development was evident in their increase in the use of patterns. The children were moving from heavy dependence on wholly unanalyzed routines to increased use of partly unanalyzed patterns. This increased control was the result of an increase in procedural knowledge.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제37호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2003

The study Is Intended to investigate and analyze the system and practice that have been applied to Interior Architecture, comparing with a number of similar foreign cases, in an attempt to seek the way toward its development as well as to come up with the solution for enhancing the competitiveness, thereby making a recommendation on how to create the desirable work environment of Interior Architecture down the road. The conclusion and recommendation we have made is highlighted as follow. Among the practical or procedural challenges in the process of improving work environment of Interior Architecture, development of current national technical qualification system in a way of further detailing the categories of Ki-sul-sa(highest engineer grade) or Ki-neung-jang(highest technician grade) as part of measures aimed at gradual approaching for improvement of design fees and rates or supervision fees will be very crucial, that calls for close coordination with the Ministry of Labor and Human Resources Development Service of Korea. In a bid to upgrade the Interior Architecture to become the part of knowledge-based industry, amendment to Korean Standard Industrial Classification along with Standard Classification of Occupations and Academic Classification will be essential, and moreover with the attitude of reflection and self-improvement, the endeavors to be able to deal with the revision of existing laws and regulations in a consistent way and manner, by forming a joint committee among the three Interior Architecture-related organizations(KOSID, ICC, KlID), will be more than important.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2022

The role of Islamic spirituality in the relationship between organizational justice (OJ) and job satisfaction is investigated in this study (JS). The three components of OJ in this study are distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Islamic spirituality (IS) is founded on piety values, and IS was used as a moderating factor in this study to alter the link between OJ and JS among Malaysian employees of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Four hundred sets of the questionnaire were issued using a simple random selection procedure, yielding 276 completed responses, suggesting a 69 percent response rate. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA) was used to test the proposed relationships. The findings of the study demonstrate that the three OJ aspects have a considerable impact on employee JS, indicating the significance of these elements in ensuring that employees are satisfied with their jobs. IS, on the other hand, had no effect on the link between the OJ dimensions and JS. This research has added to the existing body of knowledge by giving further empirical evidence on the impact of OJ aspects on employee JS in SMEs, notably in Malaysia.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1043-1057
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to explore the perceptions of justice regarding the implementation of flexible work arrangements, as well as to analyze the effects of such arrangements on job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The present study posits three key aspects, namely distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice, which are hypothesized to influence individuals' impression of justice in relation to flexible work systems. To investigate the influence of job types on an R&D organization, specifically comparing R&D employees and office management employees, a dataset of 190 R&D employees and 50 office management employees was collected. The findings of the investigation provide empirical evidence that distributive justice has a significant impact on the level of job satisfaction among employees in both research and development (R&D) and office administration roles. Moreover, the influence of work satisfaction on organizational performance is noteworthy, particularly with regard to factors such as job dedication, organizational citizenship behavior, and knowledge sharing. The aforementioned findings offer significant insights for research and development (R&D) firms that have incorporated flexible work arrangements. These insights underscore the significance of emphasizing specific justice perceptions in order to augment job satisfaction and overall performance within the organization.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2023

Pulmonary veins (PVs) and their myocardial sleeves play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation. Hence, detailed knowledge of PV anatomy is required to improve the procedural success rate and prevent complications during cardiac procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PV anatomy along with anatomical variations in the Indian population. Total 100 formalin fixed cadaveric hearts were examined. The number and pattern of the PVs were observed along with the measurement of their horizontal and vertical diameters. The ovality index for each PV was calculated. Classical PV pattern was observed in 62% cases. Variant pattern like additional right middle PV pattern and left common PV pattern were found in 20% and 10% cases respectively. A separate pattern with presence of both right middle PV and left common PV was observed in 6% cases. In the classical pattern right superior PV was the largest followed by right inferior, left superior and left inferior PV. The additional right middle PV had the smallest diameter whereas the left common PV had the largest diameter. Almost all the veins had greater vertical diameters in comparison to horizontal diameters. The variant PVs were oval and had greater ovality index compared to the normal PVs. In classical pattern 54.8% hearts whereas in variant pattern 79% hearts had one or more oval PV. The given data can help clinicians for planning and execution of various interventional and electrophysiological procedures involving PVs.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.389-404
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 개방형 설문과 면담을 통하여 초등학교 교사가 과학 교수, 과학 학습, 과학의 본성에 대하여 가진 신념의 내용과 특징을 알아보고, 그들의 일관성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 전체 30명의 교사들 중 상대적으로 많은 수의 교사가 과학 교수, 과학 학습, 과학의 본성에 대하여 전통적인 신념을 가진 것으로 나타났다(각각 60%, 66.7%, 83.3%). 세 가지 측면에 대하여 '일관적 신념'을 가진 교사의 비율은 40%였고, 두 가지 측면에서 같은 신념을 보인 '연관적 신념'을 가진 교사는 53.3%, 세 가지 측면 모두 서로 다른 신념으로 이루어진 '확산적 신념'을 가진 교사는 6.7%였다. 또 일관적 신념을 가진 교사 중 83.3%는 전통적 신념 중 내용 지식 중심의 신념을 일관적으로 가지고 있었다. 즉 일관적 신념을 보인 교사의 비율이 40%로 적지는 않지만 대부분 전통적 내용 지식 중심의 신념을 가지고 있어 바람직한 신념 체계를 이루고 있다고 보기는 어렵다. 1980년대 이후 구성주의가 널리 강조되어왔음에도 불구하고 구성주의적으로 일관된 신념을 가진 교사의 비율(6.7%)은 낮은 편이어서 교사 신념의 구조에 대한 보다 심층적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.469-493
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• 2012

본 연구는 증명을 성공적으로 구성하는 학생들은 수학적 개념을 어떻게 이해하고 있으며, 증명을 어떻게 구성하는 지를 살펴보고 이를 통해 증명을 구성하는 다양한 방식과 개념 이해의 관련성을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 증명 구성에 도움이 되는 수학 학습에 제언을 얻기 위해서는 증명을 구성하는 과정과 그 과정에서 개념이 어떻게 반영되고 이용되는 지를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여 4명의 수학교육과 학생들을 대상으로 사례연구를 실시하였다. 그 결과 구문론적 증명을 하는 학생들은 형식적 개념의 내용을 정확하게 알고 있을 뿐만 아니라 그 개념이 담겨있는 명제는 어떠한 방식으로 증명하는 지 그 방법까지 알고 있었다. 실제 증명에서도 평소 증명 경험을 통하여 학습한 증명 전개 방법을 이용하여 증명하는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 이로부터 증명 방법에 대한 절차적 지식이 구문론적 증명에는 중요한 요소라는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 의미론적 증명을 하는 학생들은 형식적 개념의 내용을 정확하게 알고 있고 그 내용과 의미를 본인만의 언어나 그림으로 표현한 개념 이미지를 가지고 있었다. 구문론적 증명을 하는 학생들의 개념 이미지와 비교해보았을 때, 의미론적 증명을 하는 학생들의 개념 이미지는 구문론적 증명을 하는 학생들의 개념 이미지보다 형식적 개념의 내용을 잘 반영하고 있었다. 이러한 개념 이미지는 개념 이미지를 활용하여 증명의 아이디어를 생각하고, 생각한 아이디어를 증명의 형식에 맞게 표현하는 데 사용된다는 점에서 의미론적 증명에 필요한 요소라는 것을 발견할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.114-128
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• 1994

초고급 언어에 의한 자동 프로그래밍은 프로그램의 자료구조 이외에 많은 부분을 시스템이 관장함으로써 프로그램 명세의 표현이 추상적이지만 프로그램 의미소가 술 어논리, 집합, 사상, 혹은 제안된 자연언어를 사용하기 때문에 초고급 구조에 익숙하 지 않은 프로그래머들이 이를 이용하여 프로그램을 작성하는 경우 상당한 어려움이 따 르고, 이들 초고급언어 구조에 익숙하기까지 많은 시간이 요하게 된다. 왜냐하면 초 고급언어는 프로그램 명세의 표현이 추상적이지만 프로그램 의미소가 술어 논리, 집합, 사상, 혹은 제한된 자연언어를 사용하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 자동 프로 그램의 어려움을 줄이기 위해서 한글로 구성된 선언적구문, 절차적 구문, aggregate 구문으로 광역언어를 설계하고 구현한다. 본 논문에서는 제안하는 한글 자동 프로그래 밍 시스템(Hangul Automatic Programming)은 입력으로 순수한 한글로 구성되어 있으며 추상 알고리즘(Abstract Algorithm)과 자료형(Data Type)혹은 절차적 구문을 받아서 출력으로는 C 언어 프로그램을 만들어 낸다. 자동 프로그래밍 접근 방식은 프로그램 변형기법과 규칙기반에 바탕을 두고 문제영역은 일반적인 프로그램으로 한정 하였다. 시스템 제어구조는 한글 프로그램을 입력으로 받아서 지식베이스로부터 적절한 규칙 을 선택해서 이것을 변형한 다음 전체 데이타 베이스에 넣는데 이과정을 프로그램이 완성 될 때 까지 반복한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.536-544
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• 2019

Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluatelong-term radiologic prognosis and characteristics of in-stent stenosis (ISS) after stent assisted coiling (SAC) for cerebral aneurysm and analyze its risk factors. Methods : Radiological records of 362 cases of SAC during 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included in this study if they had follow-up angiogram using catheter selected angiography at least twice. All subjected were followed up from 12 months to over 30 months. Of 120 patients, 123 aneurysms were enrolled. Patient data including age, sex, aneurysm size, neck size, procedural complication, kinds of stent, ISS associated symptom, ruptured state, location of ISS, degree of ISS, radiologic prognosis of ISS, follow-up period of time, and medical comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and smoking were collected.Statistical comparisons of group clinical characteristics were conducted for the total population. Results : Among 123 casesof aneurysm, 22 cases (17.9%) of ISS were revealed on follow-up angiography. Multiple stenting was performed in three cases and intra-procedural rupture occurred in two cases. Most cases were asymptomatic and symptomatic stenosis was identified in only one case. Sixteen cases were ruptured aneurysm. Mild stenosis was observed in 11 cases. Moderate stenosis was found in eight cases and severe stenosis was identified in three cases. Mean timing of identification of ISS was 8.90 months. The most common type was proximal type. Most cases were improved or not changed on follow-up angiography. Only one case was aggravated from mild stenosis to occlusion of parent artery. Mean follow-up period was 44.3 months. We compared risk factors and characteristic between ISS group and non-ISS group using univariate analysis. Multiple stenting was performed for three cases (13.6%) of the ISS group and four cases (4.0%) of the non-ISS group, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.108). Additionally, the proportion of patients who had more than two risk factors among four medical risk factors (hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and smoking) was higher in the ISS group than that in the non-ISS group, the difference between the two was not statistically significant either (31.8% vs. 12.9%, p=0.05). Conclusion : Clinical course and long-term prognosis of ISS might be benign. Most cases of ISS could be improved or not aggravated. Control of medical co-morbidity might be important. To the best of our knowledge, our study had more cases with longer follow-up period of time than other reports.