• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.134-145
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of mental capacity and mental demand on problem solving. Two kinds of tests were used for this study. One was FIT 752 test which required general knowledge, the other was Ohm's law test which required domain specific knowledge. The items of each test had the same logical structure and content knowledge but had different sizes of mental demand. The results of the study were summarized as follows: As mental demand of the items increased, the success rates decreased. The analysis of the hierarchical relation among items was that items with large mental demand were higher than those with small demand or at least the same level. According to the results, mental of an item was a significant factor affecting solving the problem. Effect of mental capacity on problem solving was different according to the kind of required knowledge to solve. Mental capacity was a significant factor affecting solving the FIT 752 task which required general knowledge. On the contary, solving the task which required domain specific knowledge, the results were different depending on subjects' chunk size. The results of problem solving of the groups which had small chunk size were that mental capacity was appeared a significant factor. However, results of problem solving of groups which had large chunk size were that mental capacity was not.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2009

Students' approaches to mathematical problem solving vary greatly with each other. The main objective of the current study was to compare students' performance with different thinking styles (divergent vs. convergent) and working memory capacity upon mathematical problem solving. A sample of 150 high school girls, ages 15 to 16, was studied based on Hudson's test and Digit Span Backwards test as well as a math exam. The results indicated that the effect of thinking styles and working memory on students' performance in problem solving was significant. Moreover, students with divergent thinking style and high working memory capacity showed higher performance than ones with convergent thinking style. The implications of these results on math teaching and problem solving emphasizes that cognitive predictor variable (Convergent/Divergent) and working memory, in particular could be challenging and a rather distinctive factor for students.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 남자 대학 학생선수 189명을 대상으로 의사소통이 문제해결능력에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 적응적-부적응적 정서조절절전략이 의사소통과 문제해결능력 사이를 매개하는지를 알아보는 것이다. 따라서 이러한 매개효과모형을 연구모형으로 하여 대학선수의 의사소통이 정서조절전략을 통해 문제해결능력으로 이어지는 경로를 가정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대학 운동선수의 의사소통이 문제해결능력에 유의한 정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 적응적 정서조절전략이 의사소통과 문제해결능력의 관계를 부분매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 부적응적 정서조절전략은 의사소통과 문제해결능력과 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 연구결과는 대학 학생선수의 문제해결능력 향상을 위해서는 의사소통의 향상뿐만 아니라 맞춤형 정서조절전략에 대한 중요성을 강조하고 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1030-1043
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• 2002

The development of cognitive psychology provides us a theoretical base from which we can obtain information about human problem solving. One purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive psychological factors on the problem solving of the two kinds of tasks (content free, content specific). And the other purpose was to find out the existence of critical situation in problem solving process. Even the items of tasks with the same logical structure and content knowledge could have different sizes of mental demand. The results were as follows. The mental demand of the problem, and the problem solver's mental capacity, might be the main factors in problem solving. Critical situation of both a group and an individual existed in the tasks that need content free knowledge (FIT 752 task). But the critical situation of a group was completely different from that of the individual in the tasks that need content specific knowledge (electric circuit task). According to the analysis of achievement for each individual in the task that need content specific knowledge, the critical situation of an individual existed in problem solving, but the critical situation of a group was not existed by were summed up the individual results.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.353-363
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• 2002

이 연구의 목적은 일반고와 과학고 학생들의 정신용량과 풀이 방법에 따른 산화 환원 반응식 완결 과정의 특성을 분석하여 산화 환원 단원의 교수학습 지도에 시사점을 얻고자 하는데 있다. 일반고 학생 79명과 과학고 학생 57명을 대상으로 하여 정신요량 검사, 산화 환원 반응식 완결 검사를 실시하였으며, 문항 유형별로 학생들의 문제 풀이 실패 유형과 성공 유형을 추출하여 분석틀을 개발하고 개발한 분석틀에 의하여 정신용량과 풀이 방법에 따라 실패 사례와 성공 사례를 분석하여 나타나는 특징을 알아보았다. 일반고 학생들과 과학고 학생들 모두 산화 환원 개념 이해 정도가 낮을수록 미정계수법을 많이 선택하였으며 미정계수법을 선택한 학생들은 정신용량이 클수록 문제 풀이의 성공률이 높았다. 또한, 산화 환원 개념 이해 정도가 높은 학생들은 산화수법이나 이온 자법을 더 많이 선택하였고 정신용량에 관계없이 문제 풀이의 성공률이 높게 나타났다. 학생들의 풀이 과정을 분석한 결과 성공 유형은 산화 환원의 개념 이해 정도가 높고 풀이 방법에 관계없이 풀이 단계 수를 줄이 학생들이었다. 실패 유형은 물이 방법에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 미정계수법을 선택한 학생들의 실패 유형은 계산 과정 중 틀린 경우, 미정방정식을 잘못 세운 경우 문제 풀이 과정중 고려해야 할 변인을 모두 고려하지 못한 경우 풀이 과정이 복잡하여 중단한 경우였다. 산화수법을 선택한 학생들의 실패 유형은 산화수를 잘못 결정한 경우 질량균형 또는 전하균형을 고려하지 않은 경우였다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2003

Purpose: To examine the effect of the solution-focused group counseling program on the nursing students' problem-solving capacity. Methods: The research design was one-group pretest-posttest design in quasi-experimental research. The subjects were 16 sophomore nursing students being in K university located in D city, Korea. The period of this research was from January 9 to February 20, 2002, from January 10 to February 21, 2003. The group counseling program that was developed by Kim, Hyeon Mi (2001) on the basis of the fundamental principles of solution-focused therapy of de Shazer, et al. (1986) and the solution-focused group counseling process proposed by Selekman (1991), LaFountain, et al. (1996) and Metcalf (1998) was used after being modified and complemented for the nursing students. The group counseling was carried out six times for 120 minutes per week. The instruments used for this study were the Problem Solving Inventory developed by Heppner and Petersen (1982) and Scaling question. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test with SPSS program. Results: 1) Problem solving capacity increased after solution-focused group counseling program, but a significant difference was not revealed(t=0.835, p=0.057). 2) The scores of self-confidence with the problem-solving were significantly increased when it was compared with the 1st and the 6th(t=3.587, p=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that the solution-focused group counseling program should be considered as an effective nursing intervention program for the nursing students by improving self-confidence with the problem-solving. As a results, this study suggests that the specific techniques used in the solution focused therapy should be applied actively in areas of counseling and communication training for the nursing students and nurses.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2020

In the 21st-century postmodernism era, which represents diversity and relativity, one of the most essential elements in the field of education is to strengthen individual human values. Accordingly, we must focus on developing capacity in order to adapt to change. It is clear that the medical field maximizes the need for new judgments to solve life-related problems constantly, and this problem-solving capacity is an essential skill for a physician. Problem-solving capacity can be achieved simultaneously with creativity to apply them in an appropriate manner based on standardized expertise and well-trained skills. Creativity is also a key element that medical education is currently pursuing. Many studies on creativity have resulted in confusion and misunderstandings on the concept of creativity due to similar terms and varied definitions, such as creation, innovation, etc. In this study, we attempt to identify the importance of creativity in medical education by comparing and organizing concepts related to creative capacity.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2012

In this paper, a procedure using a genetic algorithm (GA) and a heuristic local search (HLS) is proposed for solving facility rearrangement problem (FRP). FRP is a decision problem for stopping/running of facilities and integration of stopped facilities to running facilities to maximize the production capacity of running facilities under the cost constraint. FRP is formulated as an integer programming model for maximizing the total production capacity under the constraint of the total facility operating cost. In the cases of 90 percent of cost constraint and more than 20 facilities, the previous solving method was not effective. To find effective alternatives, this solving procedure using a GA and a HLS is developed. Stopping/running of facilities are searched by GA. The shifting the production operation of stopped facilities into running facilities is searched by HLS, and this local search is executed for one individual in this GA procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure using a GA and HLS is demonstrated by numerical experiment.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.199-220
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• 2013

The main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between psychological factors (i.e. math anxiety, attention, attitude, Working Memory Capacity (WMC), and Field dependency) and students' mathematics problem solving based on Revised Bloom Taxonomy. A sample of 169 K11 school girls were tested on (1) The Witkin's cognitive style (Group Embedded Figure Test). (2) Digit Span Backwards Test. (3) Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS). (4) Modified Fennema-Sherman Attitude Scales. (5) Mathematics Attention Test (MAT), and (6) Mathematics questions based on Revised Bloom Taxonomy (RBT). Results obtained indicate that the effect of these items on students mathematical problem solving is different in each cognitive process and level of knowledge dimension.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.937-945
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• 2004

이 연구에서는 이미 해결한 단일개념으로만 구성된 복합개념상황에서 학생들의 문제해결력과 정신용량의 관계를 알아보았다. 과학적 개념이나 원리 하나만 알면 풀 수 있는 문제를 단일개념상황으로 정의하였고 단일개념상황을 2개 이상 결합하여 만든 문제를 복합개념상황으로 정의하였다. 청주시 소재 일반계 고등학교 2학년 학생 152명을 대상으로 정신용량에는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 이미 해결한 단일개념상황들의 결합으로 만들어 전 복합개념상황의 문제해결에 있어서는 정신용량이 작은 집단에서만 실패한 학생들이 나타났으며 문제해결에 실패한 학생들의 정신용량이 문제해결에 성공한 학생들의 정신용량보다 낮았다. 이러한 연구 결과 단일개념상황은 해결할 수 있으면서 이와 관련된 복합개념상황의 해결에 실패한 이유의 하나를 문제해결자의 정신용량이 작기 때문이라고 볼 수 있다.