• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.6C
• /
• pp.385-393
• /
• 2006

Soil nailing is a reinforcement method used for stabilizing excavated walls or slopes. Due to its much advantages such as ease of construction and economical efficiency, use of soil nailing is increased. However, the soil nail has much disadvantages for use in urban area. The soil nail needs to be installed inevitably beyond private land boundary, which causes rent for use. For this reason, removable soil nailing system was developed. However, the removal rate of this system is just about 50￠¦70%. To resolve this problem, the Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) soil nailing system which does not need to be removed and allows for the installation beyond private land, is developed. In this paper, through theoretical and experimental studies in laboratory and field such as prototype tests, pullout tests, we evaluate the stability and behavior characteristics of the FRP soil nailing system. And, numerical analyses using FLAC2D were performed with respect to various soil conditions, where prototype test for excavation wall and pullout tests were carried out. As a result of this study, the FRP soil nailing systems show similar behavior characteristics with those of removable soil nailing system. Finally, considering the serviceability and mechanical stability of FRP soil nailing systems, it is enough to be used as a good alternative of general soil nailing system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.1C
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2006

Despite several constitutive models have been proposed and applied, it is still difficult to choose a suitable model and to estimate adequate analysis parameters. Furthermore, a cyclic shear behavior under the volume change caused by the seepage is more complex. None of the constitutive model is available at present in the expression of the cyclic behavior of soil under an additional volume change condition by seepage. Therefore, a new geotechnical hybrid simulation system which can control the pore water immigration was developed. The system enables a quantitative evaluation of the residual deformation such as lateral spreading and settlement caused by the liquefaction. The seismic responses in a one-dimensional slightly inclined multilayered soil system are taken into consideration, and the soils are governed by both equation of motion and the continuity equation. Furthermore, the estimation and the selection of the soil parameter for the representation of the strong nonlinearity of the material are not required, because soil behaviors under the earthquake motions are directly introduced instead of a numerical soil constitutive model. This paper presents the concept and specifications of the system. By applying the system to an example problem, the permeability effect on the seismic response during cyclic shear is studied. The importance of the volume change characteristics of sandy soil during and after cyclic shear is shown in conclusion.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.1D
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2009

This study aims at establishing the decision-making support system for the highway assets, long-term performance presumption and evaluation of asset value, which are appropriate for Korea, and proposing the methods of the optimal engineering method and the timing decision for the preventive maintenance through the project evaluation, the optimization method and life-cycle analysis related to the highways. In order to supplement the current problem of the near-sighted budget management system, which chooses the maintenance place of the highway, depending on the level of the budget with fixed amount, the long-term required budget prediction system and the economy principle were introduced, so that the pavement agency can predict the level of the required budget, and it was aimed to develop the pavement asset evaluation system to maintain the performance of the highway with the minimum of the cost. In the use of the highway pavement asset evaluation system, to maintain the appropriate level of the pavement evaluation index, when the budget was efficiently established in the reference of the required maintenance budget for the chosen section of the highway in the year concerned, it was possible to analyze the most rational pavement maintenance budget. With this result, it is estimated to prevent the unnecessary waste of budget in advance, and through the development of the decision-making system for the long-term performance presumption and the asset value estimation of the pavement, it is expected to able to analyze the previous evaluation of the project related to the highway and the feasibility of introduction.

• Journal of Ethics
• /
• no.97
• /
• pp.279-306
• /
• 2014

This study presents the leadership model that is to build of ethical and cultural leadership. This model is to operat the functions of a systemof leadership that based on the universal principles of life, that is performed bybalance and harmonized judgment of the ideal ethical oughtfulness and cultural values, and practise ethically through relationship, process, and skill of leadership. And this model turn out to lead a real impact and then overcome conflict, problem solving, motivation. To check the validity of leadership, this study analysis the case study of leadership of King Sejong. His leadership is based at heaven that on the basis of the universal principles of life. The ideal ethical oughtfulness is to cares for people and the value of the cultural is to cherish the people's will. His leadership is to be balance and harmonized judgment of the ideal ethical oughtfulness and the cultural values by practice of virtues through relationship, process, and skill of leadership. Leadership relationship is a equal role relationship that are the children of the sky, thus to be coexistence and harmonyin close collaboration. Leadership process is a process of transvaluation to ensure the validity of the values by rational discussion and persuasion. Leadership skills led to active obedience through leading by example and love of learning. King Sejong' leadership is the leadership that ethical and cultural leadership become well-implemented.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.195-209
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing file-up family stress in the caregivers of patients with dementia. Data was collected by questionnaires from 102 families with a member having a dementia, at neurology departments of hospitals, temporary shelter for dementia patient, and nursing homes for the elderly. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. In results, the score of file-up stress showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of level of family hardiness(r=-.200, p=.026), social support(r=-.361, p=.004), relative and friend support(r=-.416, p=.001), and F-COPES(r=-.345, p=.048). The multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of file-up family stress was family cost for patients with dementia. The results contribute to the understanding of Korean family caregivers' perceptions of caregiveing. Further researches should be conducted with the consideration of Korean traditional custom that family should take care of the elderly family members.

• Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to use of restraints for older adults with dementia in long-term care settings. Methods: This study analyzed secondary data from the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Care in Korea (NaSDeCK). Demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, and functional characteristics were analyzed. Data were analyzed with χ² test, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Among participants, 8.2% experienced use of restraints. 'Strap' (78.3%) was the most commonly used restraint and 'Behavioral problem' (51.3%) was a major reason for the restraint. Persons who have low levels of daily activity and cognition deficits, higher levels of dependence, histories of falls within the past 3 months, and living in long-term hospitals have greater probability of restraint experience. Conclusion: Developing interventions for older adults who have a high risk of being restrained is essential to minimize unnecessary restraint use among older adults with dementia in long-term care settings. Further study exploring the interacting roles of organizational and staff factors related to use of physical restraints would provide more comprehensive perspectives in understanding this phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.277-311
• /
• 2010

The powerful association between poverty and mental health has been recognized for many decades in the Western Countries. Despite growing poverty studies, there has been little attention to the association between poverty and mental health in Korea. In this article we examine the effects of the mental health on the poverty status transition. In this study we draw on nationally representative data from the The Korean Welfare Panel Study, to estimate the effects of depression and self-respects on the poverty status transition. Major findings are as follows. First, we find that there are mental health disparities between poor and non-poor classes. The mental health conditions of the poor are worse than the non-poor. Second, we find the strong correlations between the mental health and poverty status transition. Whether poor family exits poverty or not depends on the household head's mental health. Third, poverty experiences are different depending on the mental health conditions. To the mental ill-health family, the probabilities of poverty-exit are much lower and poverty duration is more long. Fourth, we find that family poverty status transitions are very significantly related with household head's mental health from the logistic model analysis. These findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between poor mental health and the experience of poverty in Korea. They also suggest that intervention programs to enhance the mental health of the poor are needed in order to reduce the poverty problem in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.235-260
• /
• 2009

This study aims to analyze consumption inequality of Korean elderly households. The justification for analyzing consumption inequality during old age could be summarized as follows. First, due to the rapid growth of elderly population, the intra generational inequality of older people will bring greater consequences to the society in the coming years. Second, inequality is more actualized during old age when income stops playing a major role and the everyday lives are based mostly on consumption activities. For analysis, this study used the 2nd, 5th, 7th and 9th wave of 『Korea Labor and Income Panel Study』. The findings are as follows. First, total consumption inequality of elderly households is gradually decreasing after the economic crisis. Also, the gini coefficient of consumption items representing modern consumption culture, such as expenditures on eating out and car maintenance is decreasing. However, the inequality contribution rate of such items is continually rising, indicating that whereas the elderly households in general are being assimilated to the mainstream consumption culture, the disparity between classes is continually expanding. Second, gini coefficient and inequality contribution rate of the essentials such as food and housing has decreased indicating that basic livelihoods in general has risen. Third, the inequality of education expenditure is increasing after the year 2000 which implies that the problem of education inequality in general might have an effect on elderly households.

• Economic Analysis
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.66-122
• /
• 2019

As the Korean economy grew, employment expanded steadily, with the number of economically active people increasing and the employment-to-population rate also increasing. However, the working age population started to decline in 2017, and the employment of women and young people has been sluggish. The proportion of non-salaried workers in Korea is much higher than in other OECD countries, and is also excessive, considering Korea's income levels. In addition, the proportion of non-regular workers and the proportion of workers employed at small companies are particularly high among salaried workers. In light of these characteristics of Korean employment, the urgent problems facing the employment structure can be summarized by the deepening dual structure of the labor market, the increase in youth unemployment, sluggish female employment figures, and an excessive share of self-employment. Overall, it is seen that labor market duality is the main structural factor of the employment problems in Korea. Therefore, in order to fundamentally address this employment problem, it is necessary to concentrate policy efforts on alleviating labor market duality.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.387-410
• /
• 2016

This study conducted a review of the existential and psychological perspective about the risks and safe. The risk was identified as existential task through the existential philosophy and psychology discussed were the safety regulations as existential need. As existential anxiety that is caused by unmet and insufficiency of the existential needs and the existential task that was presented to identify the subjective risk. Subjective risk as existential anxiety, and suggested that serves as a compass to advance to the completion and the facing the existential. In addition, existential anxiety as a subjective function as a signal that can identify the problem conditions that expressed phenomena. Problematic aspect of a subjective risk was suggested that it can be adjusted through a method for supplying information that can be recognized by an experienced and symmetrical state with the direction of the expressed symptoms. The attempt to determine the existence of and psychological point of view, it gave provided the underlying psychological spokesman for the analysis of human society, including the Sewol ferry of Korea-type disaster. There are also presented some implications that can be applied effectively to give more psychological approach to future risk reduction and safety enhancement. In addition, this study through the various views presented by a comprehensive existential subject of several ways to adjust the status Theme conditioning method (Theme Condition Adjustment Theory: TCAT) to establish a theoretical basis for expecting it to be that.