• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of probiotics on the malodor removal. In experiment 1, dietary effects (several malodorous gas concentration of excreta, dry matter metabolizability, and blood profiles) were determined using laying hens. A total of 30 Hy-line brown layers, 68-wk of age, were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 3 replicates of 2 birds each. The treatments were probiotics free, 0.2% and 0.4 % addition of mixed probiotics (Bacillus subtilis PNG-4 +Lactobacillus acidophilus LAS), and 0.2 and 0.4 % addition of single probiotics (Bacillus subtilis PNG-4). In experiment 2, the effects of mixing of probiotics into the excreta on the malodorous gas removal was investigated. There were three treatments (probiotics free, Bacillus subtilis PNG-4 +Lactobacillus acidophilus LAS, and Bacillus subtilis PNG-4) with three replicates. The malodorous gas concentrations were detected at 0, 3, 7 and 14 day of incubation. In experiment 1, ammonia concentration was significantly decreased by feeding mixed probiotics at 14th day of incubation. However, amines, hydrogen sulfide, ethylmercapthan, and methylmercapthan were not significantly affected by mixed probiotics. Dry matter metabolizability was significantly increased by feeding probiotics, but no significant differences between single and mixed probiotics. There was no significant differences in blood profiles. In experiment 2, mixing of probiotics into the excreta did not affect the concentration of ammonia, amines, hydrogen sulfide, ethylmercapthan, and methylmercapthan. Therefore, these experiments suggested that Bacillus subtilis PNG-4 + Lactobacillus acidophilus LAS supplementations could improve ammonia gas removal, and dry matter metabolizability in layers. Also, decrease of ammonia concentration was higher in mixed probiotics group compare to the single probiotics group. On the other hand, mixing of probiotics into the excreta appeared not to be a useful method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.1196-1200
• /
• 2008

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the physiological changes of laying hens subjected to feed removal during induced molting while received probiotics in the drinking water. Post-molt performance and egg quality criteria were also studied. Ninety 78-week-old Hy-line W36 laying hens were divided into two treatment groups according to equal body weight and subjected to induced molting by continuous feed removal until around 30% BW reduction. The experiment lasted 12 wks consisting of 4-wk molting and 8-wk post-molt periods. Treatment 1 received no probiotics and was considered as the control. Treatment 2 was similar to the control except that hens received probiotics in the drinking water at 400 mg/L during feed deprivation. The results indicated that hens in both groups went out of production by Day 5. However, hens received probiotics reached 5 and 50% egg production sooner than the control (30 and 52 days vs. 31 and 54 days). Starvation during molting increased heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, hematocrit and plasma T4 and $Na^+$ levels while plasma T3 and Cl- levels were decreased. Probiotics had no significant impact on BW reduction during molt. Post-molt egg production and egg mass were higher in hens which previously received probiotics, but these responses were not significant. However, feed conversion ratio was significantly better in hens which received probiotics. Hematocrit, plasma thyroid hormone concentrations (T3 and T4) and plasma $Na^+$, $K^+$ and Cl- levels during molting were not significantly influenced by supplementation of probiotics. However, H/L ratio showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in birds which received probiotics suggesting beneficial effects of this product for feed-deprived laying hens. No significant difference was observed in post-molt egg quality criteria.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.sup1
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2008

According to the hygiene hypothesis, westernized and urbanized life style leads to the increase of allergic disease. This hypothesis supports the use of probiotic therapy for the prevention or treatment of food allergy. The probiotics which contains potentially beneficial microorganism have been used for the treatment of some gastrointestinal disorders and atopic disease as dietary supplements. Many results of studies support the immunologic bases of probiotics therapy. The most important mechanism is that probiotics suppress Th2-skewed immunity as the stimulation of regulatory T cell. The difficulties of diagnosis of food allergy, variable symptoms, many kinds of microorganism, diet style and non-standardized study designs are attributed to the variety and controversy of the effectiveness of probiotics in food allergy with infant and children. More studies is needed to confirm the efficacy of probiotics in infant and children with food allergy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.58 no.7
• /
• pp.26.1-26.11
• /
• 2016

The use of probiotics for human and animal health is continuously increasing. The probiotics used in humans commonly come from dairy foods, whereas the sources of probiotics used in animals are often the animals' own digestive tracts. Increasingly, probiotics from sources other than milk products are being selected for use in people who are lactose intolerant. These sources are non-dairy fermented foods and beverages, non-dairy and non-fermented foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, feces of breast-fed infants and human breast milk. The probiotics that are used in both humans and animals are selected in stages; after the initial isolation of the appropriate culture medium, the probiotics must meet important qualifications, including being non-pathogenic acid and bile-tolerant strains that possess the ability to act against pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract and the safety-enhancing property of not being able to transfer any antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria. The final stages of selection involve the accurate identification of the probiotic species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
• /
• 2001.12a
• /
• pp.178-186
• /
• 2001

The importance of probiotics and prebiotics in health-promoting effect on the host is increasing. Recent studies on gastrointestinal system have contributed to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction between probiotics and prebiotics. In his presentation, the beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics, and applications of microencapsulation technique for the application of prebiotics and probiotics are described.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.739-746
• /
• 2017

As alternatives to antibiotics in livestocks, probiotics have been used, although most of them in the form of liquid or semisolid formulations, which show low cell viability after oral administration. Therefore, suitable dry dosage forms should be developed for livestocks to protect probiotics against the low pH in the stomach such that the products have higher probiotics survivability. Here, in order to develop a dry dosage forms of probiotics for poultry, we used hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 55 (HPMCP 55) as a tablet-forming matrix to develop probiotics in a tablet form for poultry. Here, we made three different kinds of probiotics-loaded tablet under different compression forces and investigated their characteristics based on their survivability, morphology, disintegration time, and kinetics in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The results indicated that the probiotics formulated in the tablets displayed higher survival rates in acidic gastric conditions than probiotics in solution. Rapid release of the probiotics from the tablets occurred in simulated intestinal fluid because of fast swelling of the tablets in neutral pH. As a matrix of tablet, HPMCP 55 provided good viability of probiotics after 6 months under refrigeration. Moreover, after oral administration of probiotics-loaded tablets to chicken, more viable probiotics were observed, than with solution type, through several digestive areas of chicken by the tablets.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2019

To investigate the antagonistic inhibitory effects in a mixed culture between probiotics and various pathogenic microorganisms, 140 probiotics were identified using a 16 rRNA sequencing phylogenetic analysis method, and various probiotics strains were isolated from Korean kimchi from January to December 2016. The antagonistic inhibition test of a mixed culture of four probiotics (Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus reuteri) with excellent antimicrobial activity and six pathogenic microorganisms (Candida albicans, Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)showed that the growth of most probiotics strains increased normally after culture, but growth was inhibited almost completely in most pathogenic microorganisms, except for S. Enteritidis. This antagonistic inhibitory effect in vitro was attributed to the low pH of the lactic acid and organic acid produced during fermentation. As a result, four probiotics strains isolated from Korean Kimchi are very likely to be developed as therapeutic agents for female yeast infections and colon and skin care. In the future, these therapeutic agents will help improve public health related to probiotics.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.379-383
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) contents from hanwoo manure using probiotics to feed and manure additives during 5 weeks. A total of 45 hanwoo(24 months old) with averaging $580{\pm}20$ kg in weight were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 3 replicates per treatment(5 hanwoo per pen, $5{\times}8m$). The treatment were supplemented, control, T1(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis)), and T2(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis) + 7 kg probiotics on the surface of hanwoo manure (top-dressing)). During the experimental period, there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05) in pH values at 3 and 5 weeks; TN contents at 5 weeks; and SRP contents at 5 weeks in all treatments. Adding probiotics to feed or feed and manure increased manure pH in comparison with controls. As time increased, changes in TN contents decreased in the order: T2 > Control > T1. Especially, the reduction in SRP contents in all treatments at 5 weeks was in following order: T1 > T2 > Control. This result suggests that it is possible to make efficient use of probiotics as feed and manure additives for reducing environmental pollution or to provide fundamental information on livestock managements to producers.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2020

Probiotics are actively being studied for their efficacious anticancer, anticholesterol, and antidiabetic properties. As novel probiotic strains are being developed continuously, new strain-specific safety issues may be reported. Therefore, a procedure for the safety evaluation of probiotic strains is needed. In this study, we investigated the current status of domestic and foreign guidelines for the evaluation of safety of probiotics and suggested a general probiotic safety evaluation process. In other countries, the guidelines for probiotic evaluation are provided and managed separately. However, in Korea, general guidelines are provided regarding the use of functional ingredients, and specific guidelines for the use of probiotics are lacking. A review step based on the characteristics of the probiotics has been introduced in the procedure for safety evaluation of probiotics. Additionally, it has been suggested that the safety evaluation process should consider the results of the functional and genomic analysis for strain identification. Moreover, the factors to be evaluated are presented separately for the notified and non-notified strains. The suggested evaluation procedure may ensure the safety of probiotics, thereby promoting enhanced utilization of probiotics as functional products.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.403-416
• /
• 2018

In this study, the dietary effects of probiotics with a liquid application system on meat quality and physicochemical characteristics of pigs were evaluated. A total of 80 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc (LYD) 3-way crossbred pigs (average age $175{\pm}5d$) were assigned to a conventional farm and a probiotics farm equipped with a liquid probiotics application system (40 pigs in each farm). The two treatments were: CON (diet without probiotics) and PRO (diet with probiotics). Dietary probiotics decreased shear force in the longissimus muscle compared to the control group (p<0.05). The treatment diet did not affect backfat thickness, carcass weight, meat color, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), and drip loss. Dietary probiotics significantly reduced ash, salinity, and pH (at 5 and 15 d) (p<0.05). There was no significant effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and omega fatty acids (${\omega}3$ and ${\omega}6$) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the PRO group, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was decreased. The free amino acid composition, serine, lysine, histidine, and arginine levels were significantly lower in the PRO than in the control group. The treatment group exhibited higher nucleotide compounds (hypoxanthine, inosine, GMP, IMP) than the controls. Also, levels of ascorbic acid and thiamin were significantly different (p<0.05), while minerals were not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, feeding of probiotics had effects on shear force, ash, salinity, pH, PUFA, and some amino acids which related to taste and flavor without any negative effects on the pigs' carcass traits.