• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

In this study we leveraged a probing method to evaluate how a pre-trained L2 LSTM language model represents sentences with relative and coordinate clauses. The probing experiment employed adapted models based on the pre-trained L2 language models to trace the syntactic properties of sentence embedding vector representations. The dataset for probing was automatically generated using several templates related to different sentence structures. To classify the syntactic properties of sentences for each probing task, we measured the adaptation effects of the language models using syntactic priming. We performed linear mixed-effects model analyses to analyze the relation between adaptation effects in a complex statistical manner and reveal how the L2 language models represent syntactic features for English sentences. When the L2 language models were compared with the baseline L1 Gulordava language models, the analogous results were found for each probing task. In addition, it was confirmed that the L2 language models contain syntactic features of relative and coordinate clauses hierarchically in the sentence embedding representations.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.52-52
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• 2012

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.615-624
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• 2003

The most accurate method to assess bone level is the histometric measurement. However it causes discomfort in patients and damage to the regenerated tissues. in the present study, we used 4 type regenerative therapies, The present study evaluated the clinical reliability and accuracy of bone probing measurements and radiographic bone level in the assessment of bone level by comparing those results with histometric confirmed bone level. Twentyfour(24) intrabony defects(4${\times}$4mm 1-wall intrabony defects) were surgically created in the mandibular second and fourth premolars of 6 beagle dogs. The control group underwent a conventional flap operation. Experimental group I was treated with calcium phosphate glass only, and while experimental group 2 was treated with GTR and experimental group 3 was treated with calcium phosphate glass and GTR. The subjects were sacrificed 8 weeks after the operation and a bone probing measurements, radiographic measurement and histometric measurement was performed. The correlation between bone probing measurements(BP) and histometric measurement(HL), and radiographic measurement(RL) and histometric measurement(HL) were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation analysis and the statistical significance with respect to the type of regenerative therapies was analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test. The coefficient of correlation to HL was 0.73 for RL and 0.90 for BP. The type of regenerative therapies had no significant effect on the difference between HL and other measurements. The results of this study suggests that bone probing measurements most closely represents actual bone level. So bone probing measurements may be a good clinical method for assessing the hone level following any type of periodontal regenerative therapies.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.618-632
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• 1994

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is promoting the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of treatment using decalcified freeze dried bone allograft as a bone graft material. 47 intrabony defects from 27 patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were selected among those 24 defects were treated via flap operation only and designated as the control group, the other 23 defects were treated with decalcified freeze dired bone allografting via flap operation and designated as the experimental group. Clinical parameters including probing depth, loss of attachment, probing bone level and gingival recession have been recorded at 6th months, and the significance of the changes has been analyzed. The results are as follows : 1. Probing depths were reduced significantly in both control group($2.75{\pm}0.99mm$) and experimental group($3.69{\pm}0.97mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p]0.01). 2. Loss of attachment showed statistically significant decrease in both control group($1.77{\pm}1.08mm$) and experimental group postoperatively($2.70{\pm}1.55mm$). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p]0.05). 3. Probing bone levels were reduced with statistically significance in both control group($1.08{\pm}0.97mm$) and experimental group($4.00{\pm}1.41mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p<0.01). 4. Gingival recession showed statistically significant increase in the control group($1.21{\pm}0.72mm$) and experimental group($1.00{\pm}1.09mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). There was no statistical significance between the control group and the experimental group. On the basis of these results, treatment using allogenic decalcified freeze dried bone is effective in reducing probing depth, loss of attachment and probing bone level. Therefore allogenic decalcified freeze dried bone is an effective bone graft material in periodontal regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.737-747
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• 2001

Regeneration of Periodontium with PRP does not only improve regeneration rate and density of bone but have a possibility to estimate faster healing process for soft tissue. And also, synthetic bone and xenogenic bone graft are effective on regeneration of periodontium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic bone ($Biogran^{(R)}$) and xenogenic bone ($BBP^{(R)}$) grafts with the PRP technique on regeneration of periodontium. 52 Generally healthy Pt. who had pocket depth 5mm at any of 6 surfaces of the teeth were in the study at Dept. of Perio. in Dankook Dental Hospital. Open Flap was treated for 18 infra-bony pockets as control group, $Biogran^{(R)}$ with PRP was inserted for 25 infrabony pockets as first test group, and $BBP^{(R)}$ with PRP was inserted for 22 infrabony pockets as 2nd test group. Then evaluation was made after 3 and 6 months 1. 6 months after surgery, each difference of average probing pocket depth was $2.61{\pm}0.23$ for control, $3.40{\pm}0.30$ for 1st test, and $3.45{\pm}0.37$ for 2nd test group. 2. 6 months after surgery, each difference of clinical probing attachment level was $1.39{\pm}0.12$ for control, $2.88{\pm}0,24$ for 1st, and $2.86{\pm}0,27$ for 2nd test group. 3. 6 months after surgery, each difference of Maximal probing attachment level was $1.11{\pm}0.16$ for control, $3.28{\pm}0.30$ for 1st, and $3.27{\pm}0.35$ for 2nd test group. 4. There were significant differences for clinical change of each three group which were between average probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level of 3,6 months and minimal and maximal attachment level after 6 months 5. There were significant differences for average probing pocket depth which were only at control group and 2nd test group between 1 and 6months. For clinical attachment level and minimal and maximal proving attachment level, there was a significant difference after 6month of surgery. 6. There was no significant difference between two test groups for average probing depth, clinical attachment level, and minima1 and maximal probing attachment level. As the result, PRP with bone graft is very effective for regeneration of periodontium and there is no difference between xenogenic bone and synthetic bone.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.489-499
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• 2001

Bone graft and guided tissue regeneration have been used for the regeneration of periodontal tissue which is the ultimate goal of periodontal treatment. Recently, it was reported that some kind of growth factors were used for regeneration. Platelet rich plasma was researched that it could increase the density of bone and the rate of bone regeneration. For that, 25 patients which have pocket depth more than 5mm at any of 6 surfaces, of healthy patient without any systemic disease were treated. $Biogran^{?}$ Were grafted into 14 infrabony pockets as controls, and $Biogran^{(R)}$ with PRP were inserted into 31 infrabony pockets. And then, follwing evaluations were made at the end of 1, 3 and 6 months. 1. There was no statistical difference between control and experimental group in pocket depth, gingival recession, minimum probing attachment level and maximum probing attachment level at preoperation(p>0.05). 2. Decrease in probing pocket depth were reduced to 3.32mm for experimental group and 2.71mm for control group. The decrease was evident at the end of 1 month, they were 2.97mm and 2.29mm,and it was statistically difference(p<0.05). 3. Gingival recession was increased by 0.55mm in experimental group and 0.50mm in control group, it was evident at the end of 1 month. And it was statistically difference(p<0.05). 4. Minimum probing attachment level was increased by 0.35mm in experimental group and 0.36mm in control group, it was statistically difference(p<0.05). 5. Maximum probing attachment level was decreased by 3.19mm in experimental group and 2.93mm in control group, it was statistically difference(p<0.05). 6. There was no statistical difference between control and experimental group in pocket depth, gingival recession, minimum probing attachment level and maximum probing attachment level(p>0.05). There was statistical difference in decrease of pocket depth between pre-operation and 1 month after post-operation(p<0.05). In conclusion, bone graft using $Biogran^{?}$ and bone graft using $Biogran^{?}$ With platelet rich plasma were both effective in treatment of infrabony pocket, bone graft using $Biogran^{?}$ With platelet rich plasma was more effective in early soft tissue healing.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.591-594
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• 2002

This paper presents a systematic method of probing channel characteristics and communication reliabilities of home power line communication network applied to the Internet accessed control of home appliances. The effects of the three performance deteriorating factors, i.e., additive noise, channel attenuation, and intersymbol interference, can be systematically measured by applying the channel probing waveform in the frequency range from 100㎑ to 450㎑. Probability of bit error is derived with the probed channel parameters of the signal attenuation, noise and signal-to-interference ratio read in the frequency domain. The agreement between the derived probability of bit ewer and the measured probability of bit error support the validity of the proposed approach of probing home power line channel characteristics. The experimental results performed with the constructed test-bed applying the Proposed channel probing method and the operation reliability measurement of the overall networked system also support the feasibility of commercially deploying the PLC modem installed home appliances and their services for the Internet accessed home automation in densely populated residential apartment complexes.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.134-138
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of implant supported tooth replacement in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved placement of implants (UNITI implants, Equinox Medical Technologies, Zeist, Holland, diameter of 3.7 mm and length 13 mm) in five diabetic patients (three females and two males) of age ranging from 35-65 years with acceptable metabolic control of plasma glucose. All patients included in the study were indicated for single tooth maxillary central incisor replacement, with the adjacent teeth intact. The survival of the restored implants was assessed for a period of three months by measurement of crestal bone heights, bleeding on probing and micro flora predominance. Paired t-test was done to find out the difference in the microbial colonization, bleeding on probing and crestal bone loss. P values of less than 0.05 were taken to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS. Results indicated that there was a significant reduction in bleeding on probing and colonization at the end of three months and the bone loss was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION. The study explores the hypothesis that patients with diabetes are appropriate candidates for implants and justifies the continued evaluation of the impact of diabetes on implant success and complications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.825-831
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• 2006

As an increase of chip complexity and level of chip integration, chip input/output (I/O) pad pitches are also drastically reduced. With arrival of high complexity SoC (System on Chip) and SiP (System in Package) products, conventional horizontal type probe card showed its limitation on probing density for wafer level test. To enhance probing density, we proposed new vertical type probe card that has the $70{\mu}m$ probe needle with tungsten wire in $80{\mu}m$ micro-drilled hole in ceramic board. To minimize alignment error, micro-drilling conditions are optimized and epoxy-hardening conditions are also optimized to minimize planarity changes. To apply wafer level test for target devices (T5365 256M SDRAM), designed probe card was characterized by probe needle tension for test, contact resistance measurement, leakage current measurement and the planarity test. Compare to conventional probe card with minimum pitch of $50{\sim}125{\mu}m\;and\;2\;{\Omega}$ of average contact resistance, designed probe card showed only $22{\mu}$ of minimum pitch and $1.5{\Omega}$ of average contact resistance. And also, with the nature of vertical probing style, it showed comparably small contact scratch and it can be applied to bumping type chip test.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.442-453
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• 1993

In order to determine the relationship between probing pocket depth and trypsin-like activity in subgingival plaque, probing pocket depth and loss of attachment were measured by Michigan-O probe on mandibular incisors of 30 patients with adult periodontitis. And the trypsin-like activity of Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Bacteroides forsythus was evaluated by the hydrolysis of N-Benzoyl-DL-Arginine-2-Naphthyla-mide (BANA) using PerioScan reagent cards(Oral-B Laboratories, Redwood City, CA). The obtained data were statistically analyzed by Microstat program. The results were as follows. 1. The number of teeth showing negative trypsin-like activity was more in shallow periodontal pocket groups, but the number of teeth showing positive trypsin-like activity was more in deep periodontal pocket groups. 2. There was a significant positive correlation between probing pocket depth and trypsin-like activity in subgingival plaque(y=0.413X - 0.955, r = 0.7024, p<0.001). 3. There was no consistent relationship between loss of attachment and trypsin-like activity in subgingival plaque(p>0.01).