• 노동경제논집
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.107-131
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• 2018

본고는 최저임금위원회의 최저임금 결정구조에 관한 모델을 제시하고, 최저임금위원회 참여 주체들의 행동, 결정 과정 및 결과를 분석한다. 최저임금위원회는 지금까지 노사안을 놓고 표결하는 방식과 공익위원안을 놓고 표결하는 두 가지 방식을 사용하여 왔다. 모델에 따르면 어느 방식에 의하건 최저임금은 공익위원 중위투표자가 선호하는 최저임금 수준이나 그에 근접한 수준에서 결정되지만, 노측안과 사측안이 채택될 확률은 동일하다. 최저임금결정 과정에 관한 실증적 증거들은 모형의 예측과 부합되는 것으로 나타난다. 최저임금위원회에서 노측안이 채택된 확률은 50%에서 크게 벗어나지 않으며, 최저임금 인상률은 정부의 성격으로 측정된 공익위원 중위투표자의 선호에 따라 통계적으로 유의하게 달라진다. 따라서 현행 결정구조에서는 정부의 공익위원의 구성이 사실상 최저임금 수준을 결정한다고 볼 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.2037-2047
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• 2022

The contribution of degraded human performance (e.g., human errors) is significant for the safety of diverse social-technical systems. Therefore, it is crucial to understand when and why the performance of human operators could be degraded. In this study, the occurrence probability of human errors was empirically estimated based on the complexity of proceduralized tasks. To this end, Logistic regression analysis was conducted to correlate TACOM (Task Complexity) scores with human errors collected from the full-scope training simulator of nuclear power plants equipped with analog devices (analog environment). As a result, it was observed that the occurrence probability of both errors of commission and errors of omission can be soundly estimated by TACOM scores. Since the effect of diverse performance influencing factors on the occurrence probabilities of human errors could be soundly distinguished by TACOM scores, it is also expected that TACOM scores can be used as a tool to explain when and why the performance of human operators starts to be degraded.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

본 논문은 전기설비에서 사고 발생 징후를 검출하기 위한 방법을 기술하고 있다. 실험을 위해 전기설비의 부하는 백열전구로 구성하였고, 사고는 전기설비의 일부에 KS C IEC(Korea Standard C International Electrostatic Commission) 60112에 따른 내트래킹 시험장치를 연결하여 모의되었다. 모의사고는 정상상태에서 방전진전과 탄화형성 과정을 거쳐 트래킹파괴에 이르게 된다. 전기설비로부터 사고 징후 검출을 위해 전류 모니터를 이용하여 전기설비 전체의 전류를 측정하고 이를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 전류 파형의 특정 영역에서 사고의 진행 정도가 클수록 전류 펄스의 크기가 커지고, 발생 빈도도 증가하였다. 특히 전류파형에 대한 표준편차와 확률분포는 부하의 수와 무관하게 사고단계별로 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2010

급증하는 주파수 수요를 해결하기 위해 최근 FCC(Federal Communications Commission)에서는 스펙트럼 사용 효율을 높이기 위해 주파수를 공유하는 CR(Cognitive radio)를 적용하기로 하였다. 그리고 이러한 CR 시스템을 LTE 시스템에 적용하고자 CR 기술 중 스펙트럼 센싱 이론을 LTE 환경에 적용을 시켜 실험을 하여 성능분석을 하였다. 본 실험에 있어서 LTE 하향링크 OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access) 신호를 센싱했고, 채널은 가우시안 채널로 가정하여 실험을 하였다. 또한 실험에 필요로 한 임계값(threshold)은 5%, 10%로 달리 적용하여 성능분석을 하였다. 그리고 추후 LTE 시스템에 CR 시스템 적용을 위한 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 논의를 하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.148-154
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• 1997

The safety problems of buses have been arisen due to the increasing of road traffic. Occupant injuries are always possible in the rollover accident and the frontal impact. Thus the structure of bus should have sufficient strength to protect passengers under accidental loads. ECE(Economic Commission for Europe) regulation No.66 prescribes that the superstructure of the vehicle shall be sufficient strength for passengers' surviving and the residual space shall be preserved in the passenger compartment during and after the standard rollover accident situation. Rollover test and simulation on a large-sized bus was completed according to the regulation. The coordinates of the points on the bus were measured by photogrammetry system. The rollover situation was revived by structural crashes simulation software, PAM-CRASH, and it was checked that the structure still complied with the requirements of residual space during rollover situation. The residual space was preserved during rollover, so it was proved that the structure of the investigated bus had much probability of survival in rollover accidents.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2009

Low viscosity aromatic hyperbranched polyester epoxy resin (HTBE) was synthesized by the reaction between epichlorohydrin (ECH) and carboxyl-end hyperbranched polyester (HTB) which was prepared from inexpensive materials $A_2$ (1,4-butanediol glycol, BEG) and $B_3$ (trimellitic anhydride, TMA) by pseudo one-step method. The molar mass of the HTB was calculated from its acid value by "Recursive Probability Approach". The degree of branching (DB) of the HTB was characterized by model compounds and $^1H$ NMR-minus spectrum technology, and the DB of the HTB was about $0.47{\sim}0.63$. The viscosity and epoxy equivalent weight of the HTBE were $3,600{\sim}5,000\;cp$ and lower than 540 g/mol respectively. The reaction mechanism and structure of the $AB_2$ monomer, HTB and HTBE were investigated by MS, $^1H$ NMR and FTIR spectra technology. The molecular size of HTBE is under 8.65 nm and its shape is ellipsoid-like as determined by molecular simulation.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

본 논문은 방송통신위원회의 정책에 따라 DTV 전환시 예상할 수 있는 DTV 서비스가 인접채널에 할당될 무선 마이크에 간섭을 주는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 DTV 서비스가 채널 51(692 MHz ~ 698 MHz)에 할당되고 무선 마이크가 채널 52(698 MHz ~ 704 MHz)에 할당되는 시나리오를 가정하였다. Minimum Coupling Loss(MCL)를 이용하여 보호 이격거리를 산출하고 몬테 칼로(Monte Carlo) 분석을 이용하여 간섭 확률 0 %를 위한 보호 대역을 산출하였다. 그 결과 실내의 경우 1.71 km의 보호 이격거리와 2.4 MHz의 보호 대역이 산출되었고 실외의 경우 18.86 km의 보호 이격거리와 5.7 MHz의 보호 대역이 산출되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2015

Human-induced initiating events, also called Category B actions in human reliability analysis, are operator actions that may lead directly to initiating events. Most conventional probabilistic safety analyses typically assume that the frequency of initiating events also includes the probability of human-induced initiating events. However, some regulatory documents require Category B actions to be specifically analyzed and quantified in probabilistic safety analysis. An explicit modeling of Category B actions could also potentially lead to important insights into human performance in terms of safety. However, there is no standard procedure to identify Category B actions. This paper describes a systematic procedure to identify Category B actions for low power and shutdown conditions. The procedure includes several steps to determine operator actions that may lead to initiating events in the low power and shutdown stages. These steps are the selection of initiating events, the selection of systems or components, the screening of unlikely operating actions, and the quantification of initiating events. The procedure also provides the detailed instruction for each step, such as operator's action, information required, screening rules, and the outputs. Finally, the applicability of the suggested approach is also investigated by application to a plant example.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

Accidents occurring due to natural disasters in chemical process facilities where technologies are concentrated can cause secondary damage. The concept of the relationship between natural disasters and highly intensive technologies has evolved into the Natech (Natural Hazards Triggered Technological Disaster) research. Currently, the number of earthquakes is increasing all over the Korean peninsula. To assess the risk of Natech when an earthquake has occurred in South Korea, the Rapid Natech Risk Assessment Tool (RAPID-N) developed by the European Commission's Joint Research Center (EC JRC) was used in the present study. The RAPID-N can be used for Natech risk assessment based on mapping and can be utilized for sufficient preparation for reduction of the effects of Natech accidents. A total of 261 chemical facilities actually existing in Pohang were initially analyzed to select eight facilities and the Pohang earthquake that occurred in 2017 was implemented in the RAPID-N utilizing the shake map. High risk areas were selected through Natech risk assessments for the selected eight work places and countermeasures for the areas were suggested. High risk areas exist depending on the location, since the damage influence ranges could be overlapped and each chemical facility has an independent probability of Natech. Therefore, studies on Natech emergency plans and emergency evacuation routes should be actively conducted considering such high risk areas. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of Natech risk assessment in South Korea through the RAPID-N. These findings can be used as a reference material to lay a foundation for Natech risk assessment and related policies in South Korea.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

After the nuclear accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plants (FDNPPs) on 11 March 2011, a large amount of radioactive materials has been released into the atmosphere and the ocean. A compartment model is used to evaluate the circulation characteristics and the spatiotemporal concentration distributions of radionuclides in the ocean. In the comparison with observed concentrations of $^{137}Cs$ in seawater, calculated concentrations by the compartment model were well agreed with them. On the basis of these results, we performed evaluation of the effective dose and the cancer risk. In the early stage of the accident, the effective doses from ingestion of the seafood near the Fukushima region were much higher than 1 mSv which is the value of the annual effective dose limit to individual recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). However, the effective doses by ingestion of the seafood decreased below 1 mSv as distance from the FDNPPs increased and time passed. In addition, it was estimated that the cancer risks by intake of the contaminated marine products were less than natural occurrence probability of cancer. Consequently, it was inferred that the health risk due to the $^{137}Cs$ was low after since mid-term period of the accident.