• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.2
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• pp.201-235
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• 2004

This paper provides a simple microeconomic model of terrorist attcks and anti-terrorism policies. The terrorists can be characterised as rational actors, choosing between legal activities and terrorist activities to promote their political goals. Since their resources are limited, one can think of anti-terrorist policies by examining how such policies affect the objectives and constraints of terrorists. Deterrence policy seeks to reduce terrorist attacks by raising the cost of undertaking terrorist acts. Proactive policy aims at preventing attacks by destroying terrorists' resources (fund, personnel, leadership). This paper suggests another type of anti-terrorist policy which is to reduce the benefits of (or in other words, raising the opportunity costs of) terrorist acts. Such a policy is based on decentralisation in political decision-making and economic power.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

Objective: This study analyzed the status of the application of trade secrets in MSDSs according to size and type of industry. The contents of the MSDS non-public approval policy are summarized. We suggest proactive improvement requirements related to the operation of the MSDS non-public approval policy. Methods: To review this subject, we selected 153 manufacturers and six importers in such fields as organic chemical production. The trade secrets application status and ratio (%) of MSDSs by industry size and industry classification were investigated. Improvements toward a proactive system related to the operation of the MSDS non-public approval policy under the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) were summarized. Results and Conclusions: According to the results, the trade secret ratio in MSDSs by industry size was 33% in workplaces with less than 50 employees, 23.1% in workplaces with more than 50 but less than 100 workers, 73% in workplaces with more than 100 workers, and 83.4% in workplaces with 300 or more workers. For the trade secret writing rate for MSDSs by industry, the highest was MOCCP (Manufacture of ink, paint, coating and similar products) at 80.9%. MOC (Manufacture of other chemicals) was the lowest at 16.2%. We propose four proactive efforts to minimize the administrative burden of implementation of the MSDS non-public approval policy. The results of this study can be used as basic data for policy improvements to make more effective use of MSDS.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.181-197
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• 2016

With regard to CSR, Proactive CSR has been less researched in small and medium enterprises(SMEs). This study examines empirically the association between SME's organizational capabilities, proactive CSR and performance as well as a moderating role of perceived uncertainty between capabilities and proactive CSR. Using quantitative data collected from sample of 485 SMEs in Korea, we find that all specified capabilities are positively associated with adoption of proactive CSR by SMEs and that proactive CSR is, in turn, associated with an improvement in firm performance. In addition, we also find a mediating role of proactive CSR on the association between capabilities and performance as well as a moderating role of perceived uncertainty between capabilities and performance. The study is likely to contribute to SME's CSR strategy.

• Disaster Prevention Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.152-153
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• 2011

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.379-389
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• 2020

This is a qualitative study about Google 'Nest Hub Max' that displays proactive intelligent personal assistant. Following the step of grounded theory, an in-depth interview for 6 users who had used this device for a month was taken. 186 concepts were discovered, categorized as 11 top-categories and 24 sub-categories. Paradigm diagram, considering axis-coding, was made and it have been narrowed down to 'Usage patterns' of proactive IPA, considering selective coding aspects. 'Usage patterns' were divided to passive and active user. Thus, neither passive user nor active user was satisfied about device and proactive IPA. This study is meaningful that it constructed basic data about the user experience of proactive IPA on this device. It will support the device or service that consists proactive IPA in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.634-650
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to derive theoretical and policy implications by specifying the meaning of proactive administration through the review of theories related to previous studies and analyzing the effect of ethical leadership and job autonomy on proactive administration. To verify the hypotheses, an analysis was conducted on 275 surveys after a pilot-test. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the ethical leadership and job autonomy had a significant influence on proactive administration. This suggests that the higher ethical attributes of the leader, the higher the job autonomy of the person in charge when performing the works, the higher the possibility of proactive administration proactive administration being realized. In addition, it was found that the ethical climate had a moderating effect between job autonomy and proactive administration, but the moderating effect did not appear between ethical leadership and proactive administration. This result means that if the ethical climate is high, it is highly likely to positively accept autonomous actions for works, which can have a greater influence on proactive administration. However, although it did not have a moderating effect, each variable of ethical leadership and ethical climate had a significant influence on proactive administration, confirming that proactive administration has a significant relationship with ethical aspects within the organization.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the consultant proactive personality and benevolence influence on the trust and innovative performance. The results show that first, consultant proactive personality affects cognitive trust and consultant benevolence have an effect on emotional trust. Second, perceptual trusts for the consultant behavior have a relationship with innovative performance and we confirmed mediation effect of trust. This study have important meaning that we analysis plus effect on the emotion factor when we determine the trust formation factor in the consulting performed process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.1696-1707
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• 2019

This paper conducts a qualitative policy analysis of current challenges to safety culture and security culture in Southeast Asia and emerging best practices in Northeast Asia that are aimed at strengthening both cultures. It analyses lessons, including strengths and limitations, that can be derived from Northeast Asian states, given the long history of nuclear energy in South Korea, China and Japan. It identifies and examines best practices from Northeast Asia's Nuclear Security Centres of Excellence in terms of boosting nuclear security culture and their relevance for Southeast Asia. The paper accentuates the important role of the State in adopting policy and regulatory frameworks and in institutionalising nuclear education and training programmes to deepen the safety-security cultures. Best practices in and challenges to developing a nuclear safety culture and a security culture in East Asia are examined using three frameworks of analysis (i) a comprehensive nuclear policy framework; (ii) a proactive and independent regulatory body; and (iii) holistic nuclear education and training programmes. The paper argues that Southeast Asian states interested in harnessing nuclear energy and/or utilising radioactive sources for non-power applications must develop a comprehensive policy framework on developing safety and security cultures, a proactive regulatory body, and holistic nuclear training programmes that cover both technical and human factors. Such measures are crucial in order to mitigate human errors that may lead to radiological accidents and nuclear security crises. Key lessons from Japan, South Korea and China such as best practices and challenges can inform policy recommendations for Southeast Asia in enhancing safety-security cultures.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.377-378
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• 2023

The Yoon Suk Yeol administration is promoting the "Global Leap of the Biohealth Industry" as one of its 120 key national policies. Recently, the administration has been showing its commitment by establishing various strategies and presenting blueprints for policy implementation. However, the results felt on the ground are still not sufficient. The biohealth industry is a difficult field to generate policy effects because the related regulations are intricately intertwined and the diverse administrative tasks are scattered in various government departments, where inter-departmental interests differ. To solve this problem, an innovative governance system should be established. In order for the government's recent approach to establish a government-wide control tower to be effective, it should demonstrate a proactive policy commitment and be given practical power to coordinate the interests between departments.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2011

S&T policy has been traditionally regarded as a sector policy; however, it is now evolving into an infrastructure innovation policy that forms the foundation of diverse types of policies. Simultaneously, environmental and energy policies formerly considered as sector policies are now being expanded and integrated into a higher level policy for sustainable development. With these changes underway, the importance of policy integration has increased. Efforts are being made to minimize contradictions between environmental, social, and innovation policies that emphasize proactive linkage among policies or place the highest priority on environmental policy following the theory of Environmental Policy Integration (EPI). Confronted with these policy changes, the Lee Myung-bak government announced "Low-Carbon Green Growth" in 2008 as national agenda for development that focus attention on environmental and energy issues. Economic policy and environmental policy have been traditionally seen in a conflicting relationship with different paths of policy development. However, the administration of President Lee is now emphasizing the synergy effects between the environment and economic growth with the concept of green growth. The green growth policy of the Korean government has great significance as it has built a momentum for incorporating social goals such as environmental values or sustainable development into economic growth-oriented policies; however, there remain many challenges due to the legacy of the development period that has dominated Korean society. The Korean government says it reflects "EPI" or "environmentalism" in policy goals; however, in reality it prioritizes development over the environment.