• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1760-1770
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was 1) to find effects of private Guanxi and organizational relationship on quality of organizational relationship, 2) to find effects of private Guanxi and organizational relationship on performance of distribution channel, and 3) to also find effects of quality of organizational relationship on performance of distribution channel. Apparel manufacturers and distributors in China participated in the study. Random sampling method was used to collect the data. Data from 173 questionnaires were used for the statistical analysis. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and regression analysis was conducted. Two factors of private Guanxi were classified(i.e., affective Guanxi, instrumental Guanxi). Three factors of organizational relationship type were identified(i.e., opportunistic relationship, cooperative relationship, vertical relationship). The result indicated that affective Guanxi in terms of private Guanxi positively affected on quality of organizational relationship. Cooperative relationship and vertical relationship in terms of organizational relationship positively affected on quality of organizational relationship. Affective Guanxi positively affected on non-financial performance and financial performance in terms of performance of distribution channel. Instrumental Guanxi in terms of private Guanxi positively affected on financial performance only. Cooperative relationship in terms of organizational relationship positively affected on non-financial performance and vertical relationship positively affected on financial performance. Quality of organizational relationship positively affected on non-financial performance and vertical relationship positively affected on financial performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.244-255
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was 1) to inquire into characteristics of apparel manufacturers and distributors in China, 2) to classify private Guanxi and organizational relationship type, 3) to find differences in private Guanxi to enterprise type and the class of participations' position, and 4) to also find effects of private Guanxi on organizational relationship. Apparel manufacturers and distributors in China participated in the study. Random sampling method was used to collect the data. Data from 173 questionnaires were used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, t-test, and regression analysis were conducted. Two factors of private Guanxi were classified(i.e., affective Guanxi, instrumental Guanxi). Three factors of organizational relationship type were identified(i.e., opportunistic relationship, cooperative relationship, vertical relationship). The results indicated that distributors regarded affective Guanxi as important more than manufactures and employees regarded affective Guanxi and instrumental Guanxi as important more than presidents. Distributors regarded cooperative relationship as important more than manufactures. Employees regarded organizational relationship as important more than presidents. Affective Guanxi positively affected on cooperative relationship and vertical relationship but negatively affected on opportunistic relationship. Instrumental Guanxi positively affected on opportunistic relationship and vertical relationship. The result of this study may give valuable information to retail merchandisers and strategists who participated in fashion business in China.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2013

The study examined how changes in time invested in private tutoring and academic achievement influenced each other through a multivariate latent growth model by using the data from the first to the third year presented in the KYPS. This study identifies not only how changes in the private tutoring experience exerted a direct influence on changes in academic achievement, but also measures what kind of changes in private tutoring and academic achievement had emerged over time. The detailed study results are as follows. First, the analysis of time invested in private tutoring showed that the higher the grades, the greater were the amount of time invested in private tutoring in the case of Korean language study. On the other hand, the results showed that in the case of English and mathematics, the higher the grades, the lesser was the amount of time invested in private tutoring. Second, private tutoring and academic achievement were all in a linear relationship. Third, it was shown that the time invested in private tutoring and academic achievement exerted a negative influence on each other according to the passage of time.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between children's private speech during the individual session and maternal scaffolding during mother-child session. Subjects were twenty 3-year-old children and twenty 5-year-old children and their mothers recruited from day-care centers in Seoul. Mother-child interaction was videotaped for 15 minutes and maternal utterances were transcribed for analysis maternal scaffolding. Individual session of child after 3-5days was videotaped for 15 minutes and children's utterance was transcribed. Subcategories of maternal scaffolding were significantly related with children's private speech during individual session. There did appear to be an age difference in this relationship. In verbal strategy for scaffolding that 3-year-old's mother used, other-regulation and control, praise strategy was significantly related with children's private speech. In verbal strategy for scaffolding that 5-year-old's mother used, other-regulation and control, teaching strategy was significantly related with children's private speech. In maternal physical control strategy, withdrawal of mother physical control the maze task over time was significantly related with children's private speech. Withdrawal of mother physical control 5-year-old's physical performance was significantly related with children's private speech.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.391-423
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• 2016

By examining the relationship between private credit growth and the possibility of credit risk while focusing on international capital in 21 countries over the period 2000:1Q-2015:2Q, this paper shows that the impact of private credit growth on credit risk is apparent under the high ratio of capital inflows, and its impact on credit risk in the seven Asian countries is even stronger. And the possibility of credit risk caused by private credit is mainly coming from portfolio inflows rather than direct inflows. Finally, portfolio inflows strengthen the positive relationship between credit excess and credit risk in Asian countries, and this trend is seen more in these after the global financial crisis. Taken together, the stronger positive relationship between credit excess and credit risk can be strengthen under the massive portfolio inflows in particular in the seven Asian countries such as Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.346-356
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• 2000

This paper aims to analyse the relationship between R＆D investment and economic growth in Korea. The analysis result shows 38 percent of average economic growth rate(7.1%) of Korea between 1976 and 1998 was achieved by the growth of Total Factor Productivity (TFP), and the R&D investment during the period contributed in achieving the economic growth rate by as much as 9.86 percent. In the process of the estimate, the rate of return of the R&D investment from both government and private was calculated as 47 percent. The relationship between private R&D investment, government R&D investment and the GDP was also investigated, and it was estimated that the private sector invested 2.0 percent of the GDP in R&D during the period, and was found that 1 won of government R&D investment induced 0.202 won of private sector's R&D investment. However, the time-lag effect, which is naturally believed to exist between the R&D investment and the economic growth, could not be analysed in a mathematical form, because of the lack of the data to establish this relationship. However, this paper believe that the time-lag effect in this relationship was included implicitly by using the data of 23 years.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.35-57
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• 2011

While demands on private securities have been increase, expectations on the service quality as compensation for the investment expensive is also rising. However, private security services are in situations of not satisfying various customer's needs owing to insufficient special manpower, capital, and skills in spite of expected high-quality services toward customers. Therefore, this study aims to find out the causality between private security enterprises and relationship characteristics, purchasing behaviors of customers, and then searching for a marketing strategy that can provide best services to the enterprises that are confronting to limitless competitive systems by grasping customer's needs and necessities. For achieving this goal, the study objected to shop employees using private security enterprises after diving Cheonan City of South Chungcheong Province into South, East and East, West, and then collected 236 persons by using the convenience sampling. Regarding to research tools, this study used questionnaire having been recomposed based on previous researches home and abroad, and frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were carried out data was treated by treatments by using SPSS version 18.0 statistic package for treating the data. Through above research methods and procedures, results could be gotten same as followings. First, correlations between private security enterprise's relationship characteristics and purchasing behaviors showed positive (+) relations, and the latter was increased as much as relationship characteristics were high. Second, as the result of analyzing correlations between private security enterprise's relationship characteristics and purchasing behaviors, reputation, physical features, and communication affected influences to word of mouth activities. Third, reputation and communication affected to repeated purchasing behaviors as the result of analyzing private security's relationship characteristics and repeat purchasing behaviors.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.57-88
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• 2013

The study aims at identifying, through structure model, the relationship characteristics between a private security company and its service customer as well as the relationship between the service quality and the consumer behavior, thereby providing the practical services that may attract new customers and maintain the existing customers in the competition to survive in the same industry and also may raise the loyal customer base, providing academic fundamental data to set up aggressive relationship marketing strategies. To achieve such purposes above, the research was conducted with 229 subjects, the users of a private security company's service as the employees of the stores located in Cheonan area, using the convenience sampling. The data was treated, using the statistics program, SPSS Windows 18.0 Version for frequency analysis and reliability analysis. Additionally, the confirmative factor analysis and covariance structural analysis were made, using AMOS 18.0 Version. Through the data analysis following the research methods above, the conclusion was acquired as follows: First, the relationship characteristics of a private security company makes influence on service quality. Second, the service quality of a private security company makes influence on consumer behavior. Third, the relationship characteristics of a private security company makes influence on consumer behavior. Fourth, the service quality makes an influence as the mediate effect between the private security company's relationship characteristics and consumer behavior.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the factors influencing prospects toward for the metaverse in both the public and private sectors, focusing on the perspectives of millennials and generation Z that were rarely examined in previous studies. Research design, data and methodology: This study employed an online survey as its research methodology utilizing factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis to test the formulated hypotheses. Results: The findings of this study reveal that factors such as citizen/customer relationship management, the application of metaverse in both in the public and private sectors. Moreover, the effect size of applying the metaverse to cities on prospects toward the Metaverse was notably higher in the public sector. The effect size of metaverse management for customer relationship management showed a greater impact in the private sector. Conclusions: The results carry significant managerial and policy implications. They shed light on how millennials and generation Z perceive the applications of the metaverse in relation to cities, products, and brands. Notably, the results suggest that application of the metaverse for cities and management of customer relationships for products and brands emerge as key factors influencing the prospect of the metaverse in the public and private sectors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2660-2666
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• 2013

Education is important in Korea and English education takes a huge part of it. Korean Education can be divided into public and private. A number of households expend money on private education. Therefore this study examines the relationship between private education expense and the grade of college entrance examination. As results, there is a positive effect between them and also a positive effect between the total mount of time of private education and the grade of college entrance examination.