• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.159-182
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between household income, consumption wants for education, private education expenses, and old-age economic preparation behaviors in mothers with school-aged children. The participants in this study comprised 393 mothers living with children aged 8.19 in Daegu. All participants had wage-earning husbands. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Factor analysis was conducted using SPSS and structural regression analysis was performed using AMOS. The main results of this study were as follows: The participants' old-age economic preparation behaviors were influenced by their household income, the proportion of private education expenditures they paid, and the perceived burden the participants had of these private education expenditures. The consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children had no significant impact on the proportion of private education expenditures paid by the participants. Household income, proportion of private education expenditures, and perceived burden of the private education expenditures had a direct effect on the old-age economic preparation behaviors of the participants. When the perceived burden of the private education expenditures was mediated, the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children had an indirect effect on their old-age economic preparation behaviors.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.135-157
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of household income, education needs, private education expenses and expenditures of preparation for old age for mothers of school-aged children and to discover the causal relationships among these variables. The subjects in this study were gathered from among 393 mothers living in Daegu with school-aged children from 8 to 19 years old and with wage-earner husbands. The research tool was a questionnaires which addressed the general characteristics of the subjects, household income, the scale of education needs, the scale of private education expenditures, the scale of perceived burden of private education, and the scale of expenditures of preparation for old age. In order to analyze the study data, factor analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS were used, and structural path analysis using AMOS was used. The main results of this study were as follow: First, the greater the household income, the greater the education needs. Second, household income and education needs had no significant influences on private education expenditures. Third, education needs and private education expenditures turned out to have significant effects on the perceived burden of private education expenditures. Fourth, expenditures of preparation for old age among mothers of school-aged children was influenced by the education needs, private education expenditures and perceived burden of private education expenditures. The household income of mothers of school-aged children had no significant influence on private education expenditures. Finally, education needs, private education expenditures and perceived burden of private education expenditures for mothers of school-aged children had a direct effect on the expenditures of preparations for old age. On the other hand, in mediating education needs, household income of these mothers had an indirect effect on expenditures of preparations for old age. The perceived burden of private education expenditures turned out to have the biggest total effect on the preparations for old age of mothers with school-aged children.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.404-414
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• 2013

이 연구는 경호전공 대학생의 진로장벽과 진로결정효능감 및 진로준비행동의 관계를 검증하고자 한다. 이 연구는 2012년 서울, 경기도 소재 3개 대학의 경호전공 대학생을 모집단으로 설정한 다음, 유의표집법을 활용하여 최종 130명을 활용하였다. 설문지의 타당도 및 신뢰도는 확인적 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석을 통해 검증하였으며, 설문지의 타당도는 외생변수의 경우 .664, 내생변수의 경우 .787이상으로 나탔다. 이 연구에서는 신뢰도분석을 위하여 AMOS 18.0과 SPSSWIN 18.0 프로그램을 활용하여 공변량구조분석의 기법을 활용하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경호전공 대학생의 자기명확성 부족은 진로결정 효능감에 부적 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 경호전공 대학생의 자기명확성 부족은 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 셋째, 경호전공 대학생의 나이문제는 진로결정효능감에 부적 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 경호전공 대학생의 나이문재는 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 다섯째, 경호전공 대학생의 신체적열등감은 진로결정효능감에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 여섯째, 경호전공 대학생의 신체적열등감은 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 일곱째, 경호전공 대학생의 진로결정효능감은 진로준비행동에 영향을 미친다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2013

본 연구는 노후에 대한 인식이 국가 민간의료기관 근로자간에 따라 차이가 있는지, 또한 노후인식이 노후준비에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 부산의 보건소와 병 의원의 근로자 783명을 대상으로 진행하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, t-test, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 첫째, 국가 민간의료기관의 근로자간에 노후에 대한 인식, 정부정책에 대한 만족도, 노후준비에 대해서 부분적으로 차이가 있었으며, 국가 근로자가 민간 근로자 보다 더 잘 인지하고, 만족하며, 비교적 준비하고 있었다. 또한 노후에 대한 인식과 정부정책 만족도는 모두 보통 수준 이상으로 나타났지만, 노후 준비는 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 노후 준비에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아본 결과 국가의료기관과 민간의료기관 근로자에서 각각 다르게 나타났다. 또한 노후 준비에 미치는 영향은 부분적으로 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 국가 민간의료기관 근로자간 노후준비에 미치는 영향에는 차이가 있었다. 본 연구는 노후준비에 대한 교육 및 정책수립을 위한 기초자료로 제공하려한다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.131-152
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• 2012

The aims of this study were to analyze middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement. Specifically, this study surveyed the relation between human capital investment for children and the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement and investigated factors influencing financial preparation for retirement. Data were obtained from the 3rd Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) in 2009, and a sample of 757 households was selected. The statistical methods were frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2$, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the percentile of preparation for living costs for old age was 49.9% for the middle-aged households. In terms of the types of preparation for living costs for old age, the results showed 61.6% of personal preparation, 33.9% of pension system, and 1.3% for children and relatives. In relation to the adequacy of the preparations for living costs for old age, preparations made by 57.4% of the middle-aged households were inadequate. Observing the minimum living costs for old age and adequate living costs after retirement for single and couple, the minimum living costs of the middle-aged households was 1.46 million won for couple and 0.91 million won for single. The adequate living costs for old age was 2.07 million won for couple and 1.34 million won for single. Second, there were 757 households with total education expenditure. Of these, 208 incurred annual expenditure on public education, and the annual expenditure for public education was 7.28 million won. There were 170 households with annual expenditure for private education, and the annual expenditure for private education was 2.50 million won. 243 households of middle-aged households had annual expenditure for human capital investment, including both public and private education, with annual expenditure for human capital investment for children of 7.82 million won. Furthermore, in the human capital investment factor, there was a difference in the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement according to their annual expenditure for human capital investment including both public and private education. In addition, there was a difference in financial preparation for retirement based on their public education expenditure. Third, in the logistic regression model 1, which included human capital investment, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and human capital investment. In the logistic regression model 2, which included annual expenditure for public education and annual expenditure for private education, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and annual expenditure for public education.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and fracture behavior of monolithic zirconia crowns in accordance with the preparation design and aging simulation method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. An upper first molar was prepared sequentially with three different preparation designs: shoulderless preparation, 0.4 mm chamfer and 0.8 mm chamfer preparation. For each preparation design, 30 monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated. After cementation on Cr-Co alloy dies, the following artificial aging procedures were performed: (1) thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML): 5000 cycles of thermal cycling $5^{\circ}C-55^{\circ}C$ and chewing simulation (1,200,000 cycles, 50 N); (2) Low Temperature Degradation simulation (LTD): autoclave treatment at $137^{\circ}C$, 2 bar for 3 hours and chewing simulation; and (3) no pre-treatment (control group). After artificial aging, the crowns were loaded until fracture. RESULTS. The mean values of fracture resistance varied between 3414 N (LTD; 0.8 mm chamfer preparation) and 5712 N (control group; shoulderless preparation). Two-way ANOVA analysis showed a significantly higher fracture loads for the shoulderless preparation, whereas no difference was found between the chamfer preparations. In contrast to TCML, after LTD simulation the fracture strength of monolithic zirconia crowns decreased significantly. CONCLUSION. The monolithic crowns tested in this study showed generally high fracture load values. Preparation design and LTD simulation had a significant influence on the fracture strength of monolithic zirconia crowns.

• 부동산연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

OECD 국가들은 인구고령화로 인해 공적연금의 재정안정성이 위협받자 공적연금의 노후소득보장 기능을 축소하는 대신 사적연금을 활성화해 왔으며, 세계에서 가장 급속한 인구고령화를 경험하고 있는 한국 역시 주요국의 정책을 답습하고 있다. 하지만 주요국과 달리 한국은 가구 자산의 대부분이 부동산 자산으로 구성되어 있다는 특징이 있다. 전체 자산에서 부동산 자산이 차지하는 경제사회적 중요성으로 인해 부동산의 자산효과는 거시경제정책의 주요 도구로 활용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 부동산의 가격변화가 사적연금(개인연금+퇴직연금)의 납입액에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 재정패널조사 자료를 활용해 이원고정효과모형(Two-Way Fixed Effect Model)으로 분석한 결과, 부동산 가격이 1% 증가할 때 사적연금 납입액은 0.171% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 부동산의 가격변화가 사적연금을 통한 노후준비에도 긍정적인 것으로 분석되어졌다. 이러한 결과는 향후 부동산 시장이 위축될 경우 소비감소뿐만 아니라 국민들의 노후준비에도 부정적일 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1.1-15
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to identify the household's financial status by life cycle stage and no analyze contributing factors to financial planning for retirement preparation among Korean marred couples. For these purpose, 2074 married couples those being under 55 and having either single earner or dual earners were selected, and total sample was divided into three stages; young-aged(＜35), middle-aged(35-44) & old-aged(45-54). Statistics were frequencies, means, percentile, and logistic analysis. The results were as follows. First, old-aged had higher level of total income, total expenditure and total assets than either young-aged or middle-aged. In addition, households those holding private pensions were likely to have higher total income, total expenditure and total assets than those owning no private pension. while middle-aged had a highest total debts. Second, gini coefficients of total income and total expenditure between three aged groups were similar, but old-aged had the highest gini coefficient of total assets and total debts. In particular, gini coefficients of total assets and total debts of households those having no private pension were greater than those holding private pensions. third, contributing factors to private pension ownership of young-aged were family & household-related factor and financial factor, middle-aged's factors were household head's characteristics and financial factor. Also, old-aged's factors were household head's characteristics, family & household-related factor and financial factor.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.1275-1281
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• 2008

National Immunization Program (NIP) in korea is regulated by government for effective prevention of infectious diseases since 1954. But the program is only performed in public health center, so many people had various complaints such as inconvenience to use public center, high cost when vaccinated in private medical organization and lack of speciality and registration etc. In this reason, it was very difficult to raise the vaccination rate to 95 percent, infectious disease preventable rate. With this background national assembly and government try to expand the NIP coverage both public health center and private medical organization with increasing budget from 2009. So in this paper an overview and preparation of Korean pediatrician according to the expanding plan of NIP are described.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.211-231
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the expenses of private education and the economic preparations for old age according to household income and consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. The data used in this study were collected from 416 mothers with school-aged children aged 8 to 19 years old living in Daegu. The data analysis methods adopted for the study were two-way ANOVA and Scheff$\acute{e}$ test. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were differences in the private education expenditure according to the household income and the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. In the group of mothers of low household income, the mothers with high consumption wants for education spent more money on academic education and music, fine arts or physical education than the mother's with low consumption wants for education. On the other hand, in the group of mothers of high household income, the mothers with low consumption wants for education spent more money on academic education and spent less money on music, fine arts or physical education than the mothers with high consumption wants for education. There were no meaningful differences in the group of mothers of middle household income. Second, there were differences in the perceived burden of private education expenditure according to the household income and the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. In the group of mothers of middle household income, the mothers with low consumption wants for education perceived there was a higher burden for private education expenditure than the mothers with high consumption wants for education. Third, there were differences in the expenditure preparation for old age and the economic preparation behavior for old age according to the level of household income. The mothers with high household income spent more money on preparation for old age and did well in economic preparation behavior for old age than the mothers with middle and low household income.