• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2010

This study investigated the association between the expenditures for childrearing and the intention to have the second childbirth applying the recursive equation models. The major results were as follows. First, more than half of the households with one child did not have an intention to have the second childbirth. Second, about 40% of the household expenditure was spent for childrearing. About 36% of the childrearing expenditure was spent on the childcare and education, and about 64% on purchase of goods and services for child. Third, the variables which had a significant effect on the intention to have the second childbirth were child's age, mother's education, father's income, the private educational expenditure, and consumption expenditure for child. The intention to have the second childbirth did not have a significant effect on the level of childrearing expenditure. The implications for the family policies were suggested.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

The major purpose of this study was to investigate chief's perception of institution management according to the types of the institution for the child care and education. The subjects for the analysis were 220 chiefs who actually run the institutions for the child care and education, including kindergarten, private nursery, group day care home, and private educational institute. The data were analyzed by the five different methods, which were frequency, percentage, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test, using the 7.5 version of SPSSWIN program. The major research results were that (1) the chiefs of the institutions for the child care and education have suffered many difficulties in the administrative and financial respects ; (2) the main area in need of the government's assistance is either that of personnel expenses for teachers or that of expenditures necessary for improving their status ; and (3) on the whole chief's perception of institution management differed by the types of the institution for the child care and education.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.679-692
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• 2008

The goal of this study is to analyze one-child households' financial structure. The data from 1022 more than two children households and 236 one-child households were taken from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(2004). This study compared demographic, socioeconomic and marital characteristics between one-child households and more than two children households. A chi-square test, t-test and multiple regression analysis were used. The major findings were as follows: One-child households were different from more than two children households in demographic socioeconomic characteristics and financial structure. In one-child households, the variable that significantly influenced on consumption expenditures was monthly income and the variables that significantly influenced on private education expenditures were householder's age, home-ownership, monthly income.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.145-162
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand magnitude and its related factors of user's cost-sharing for non-covered services in long-term care facilities. We corrected data for 1,016 subjects, based on the long-term care benefits cost specification. Eighteen subjects were excluded from the data analysis due to missing data on family care-givers characteristics. Finally, 998 subjects were included in the study. The average cost of non-covered services per month was 209,093 won and distributed from 0 to 1,011,490 won. There was a significant difference by the characteristics of family care-givers and long-term care facilities. The monthly average cost for meal materials per person was 199,181 won(0~558,000), average cost of additional charge caused by using private bed was 232,992 won (50,000~600,000), and costs for haircut and cosmetics were 8,599 won. For the rest, there were various programs costs(93,328 won), diaper and its disposal cost(109,628 won), purchase cost for daily necessaries(24,435 won) and etc. The related factors for the magnitude of non-covered services expenditures were education level of family care-givers, occupancy rate and location of LTC facilities, and the costs of using private bed, haircut and cosmetics, and various programs among non-covered services. These findings suggest that present level range of LTC facilities users' cost-sharing is wide and it is urgent to prepare the standard guideline for cost and level in non-covered services.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of purchasing indemnity private health insurance and its impact on the healthcare utilization among outpatients with chronic disease. Methods: The study analyzed 4,997 chronic ill patients using 2015 Korean Health Panel data. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the purchase of indemnity private health insurance and multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of private health insurance on the number of outpatient visits and outpatient expenditures. Findings: The age, education level, and number of chronic diseases were significant factors affecting the purchasing of indemnity private health insurance among chronic patients. As a result of analyzing the impact of indemnity private health insurance on healthcare utilization, the number of outpatient visits for those who enrolled in the indemnity private health insurance was higher than the number of outpatient visits for those who did not. But there was no statistically significant difference in outpatient medical expenses. Practical Implications: The results of this study shows that indemnity private health insurance may cause inequality in the healthcare utilization of the socially vulnerable. It is necessary to seek ways to strengthen the health security of chronic disease patients and high-risk elderly people who need more healthcare.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.135-152
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• 2003

This study examined which factors influence educational expenditure by family life cycle. Data for this study were from the 2001 Household Income and Expenditure Survey and consisted of a sample of 2,681 households. The results showed that the households having high school students had the highest educational expenditure and the households having middle school students had the highest ratio of educational expenditure to consumption expenditure. The education of household head, family type, the number of children, the age of the youngest child, and family income had significant effect on educational expenditure in all the stages of family life cycle. The results of this study will be useful for financial management of households and give suggestions for the government policy on education.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.179-194
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• 1991

Despite its universal coverage of health insurance, the rural health insurance program(RHIP) stands at the crossroads in Korea. The RHIP has weaknesses in stability of financing, problems of inequities in the provision of health services and has suffered from high cost of running the program. The author has analyzed these problems from the perspective of health insurance policy and presented several options for improvement. First of all, this study urged the importance of a firm Governmental commitment of RHIP with the 50% subsidization of contributions as the Government had promised, instead of the current 40%. This can be justified from the 20% subsidization by the Government for the contributions of private school teachers and their dependents, who belong to richer segments of the population. Second, various cost containment measures ought to be sought curbing the rising demand for medical through strengthening health education and increasing individual responsibility, and tightening the claim review process. Third, this study requires the Government to run a demonstration project on the introduction of case payment system for primary health care. Fourth introducing an income-related cost sharing scheme is another possibility. Reforming the cost sharing formula for large medical expenditures is recommendable for a beginning. This measure can take the form of tax credit for medical expenditures of the poor. Fifth, the degree of financial adjustment among health insurance plans should be levelled up for enhancing stability of RHIP and social solidarity. Sixth, health policy should be redirected toward development of rural health resources and higher priority should be put on relieving difficulties in access to care. Seventh. the insurance plan owned-hospital needs to be developed or provision of health services in the medically underserved areas, and the need of such facilities is particularly acute for geriatric care, rehabilitation and renal dialysis, etc. Eighth, more generous insurance benefits are required of the elderly who are suffering the most : elimination of the maximum 180 days of benefit period and provision of glasses and artificial dentures, etc. Ninth. the economies of scale principle is working for the operating expenses of regional self-employed insurance plan. Thus, measures should be instituted to pursue an optimum size of health insurance plans. Lastly, excessive dependence on exclusion items is an evil so that some radical remedies are urgently required to cut them.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.649-674
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• 2012

본 논문의 목적은 기업의 연구개발투자를 위하여 정부보조금을 지급하는 R&D 정책의 정당성을 확인하고 이러한 직접보조금을 수혜하는 기업들의 특성과 보조금의 정책적인 효과가 어떠한지를 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 정부보조금을 지원하는 단계와 정부보조금을 지원 받은 기업들의 연구개발투자를 결정하는 단계로 구분하여 연구모형을 구축하고 성향점수매칭 방법을 이용하여 실증분석을 하였다. 실증분석에 이용된 기초자료는 2008년도 한국의 기술혁신조사(제조업, KIS2008) 자료이며 Nice 신용평가정보 KIS Value의 재무자료 및 연구개발활동조사의 연구개발투자비를 통합하여 구성한 자료이다. 실증분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정부보조금을 지원받은 기업의 주요 특성은 기업의 혁신역량, 재무적 특성, 기업이 속한 산업분야에 따라 정부보조금 수혜에 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 정부보조금의 민간연구개발투자에 대한 평균적인 효과를 확인하였을 때 연구개발투자에 대한 보완효과가 일부 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 지속적인 연구개발의 투자효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 산업별 차이를 분석한 결과 정부보조금의 민간연구개발투자에 대한 효과가 산업별로 부분적으로 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 대기업보다는 중소기업이 정부보조금에 대한 민간연구개발투자에 대해 긍정적인 효과를 보였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.169-189
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• 2008

There are few studies on the characteristics of defaulters, though research in this field is needed. The purpose of this study was to find out social, economic and psychological characteristics of defaulters who are married and in their thirties. For this study, an in-depth interview was used. The major findings were as follows. The focus of this study is defaulters who are married, in their thirties, have managed small businesses by themselves or with their spouses and have experienced job fluctuation. There were a lot of reasons for their becoming defaulters. Most of all, a slump in business with the occurrence of individual events caused them to be enrolled as defaulters. The monthly mean income of defaulters was $1,800,000{\sim}5,000,000$ won, yet it was irregular. Moreover, they were dependent upon labor income or business income. The monthly mean expenditure of defaulters was $1,000,000{\sim}2,300,000$ won, which constituted about $26%{\sim}57.5%$ of their monthly mean income. The defaulters needed to budget a number of expenditures such as food and private education. Defaulters had $25,000,000{\sim}128,000,000$ won in debts and $300,000{\sim}3,000,000$ won per month in debt payments. Most of them didn't have any emergency funds, monetary assets or fixed assets. Interestingly, they showed high tendency to use debt and low skill for their money management. Defaulters had short time horizons and were likely to buy something on the spur of the moment.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.160-171
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• 2019

Background: This study purposed to compare the difference on medical utilization and health expenditure of baby boomer generation by depression between gender. Methods: Korea Welfare Panel Survey 2016, provided by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, was used for the analysis. For the research, we used the two-part model, yes or no of use (part 1), and frequency of use (part 2) for medical utilization. The dependent variables are the whether or not to use of hospitalization services, outpatient services, length of stay, outpatient service visits, and health expenditure. And the independent variables are used as the predisposing (education, spouse presence), enabling (insurance type, private insurance, economic activity, income), and need (chronic disease, self-rated health, disability) factors in the Andersen behavior model. Depression was used as intervening variables. Structural equation model and multiple group analysis by gender were used. Results: There were differences in the medical care usage and cost between men and women in baby boomer. For men, mediating effects of depression were present at the hospitalization (yes/no), length of stay, and health expenditure. On the other hand, for women, the mediating effect of depression was found only at the outpatient visits. Specially, depression was working at the medical services by the different way between gender. The size of effect (multiple group analysis) was affected by significant differences between men and women. Conclusion: This study found that the mediating effect of depression is increased medical usage and health expenditure and the effect factors are different by gender. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a medical care policy considering the socio-economic characteristics of baby boomers.