• Carbon letters
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

As a part of the electromagnetic spectrum, microwaves heat materials fast and efficiently via direct energy transfer, while conventional heating methods rely on conduction and convection. To date, the use of microwave heating in the research of carbon-based materials has been mainly limited to liquid solutions. However, more rapid and efficient heating is possible in electron-rich solid materials, because the target materials absorb the energy of microwaves effectively and exclusively. Carbon-based solid materials are suitable for microwave-heating due to the delocalized pi electrons from sp2-hybridized carbon networks. In this perspective review, research on the microwave heating of carbon-based solid materials is extensively investigated. This review includes basic theories of microwave heating, and applications in carbon nanotubes, graphite and other carbon-based materials. Finally, priority issues are discussed for the advanced use of microwave heating, which have been poorly understood so far: heating mechanism, temperature control, and penetration depth.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2019

Purpose: In accordance with changes in the healthcare environment, it is necessary to understand managerial cost accounting for nurses. This study aimed to develop educational components of managerial cost accounting for nurses. Methods: This study is comprised of a comprehensive literature review, nominal group technique using focus group interview, audit by an expert group, and priority analysis. Results: The comprehensive literature review identified 15 educational components of managerial cost accounting. In the nominal group technique, the participants finally agreed on eight educational components of managerial cost accounting for nurses. The average content validity index of these components was 0.99. "Activity-based costing" scored the highest for relative importance (15.7%). Conclusions: These results can be used to develop an education program to strengthen nurses' managerial cost accounting competencies. Furthermore, it will be helpful to use a basis for the development of cost management curricula for nursing students and on-the-job training courses of nurse managers and executives.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2018

As part of the housing policy on the concentration of large cities due to economic growth, large-scale construction was carried out for many years, but the focus of the quality improvement was largely on the quality supply. With criticism that such large-scale housing construction is distorting urban and rural landscape, it was forced from 2000 to apply the district unit plan to the development of housing sites with a certain scale and the district unit plan. In addition, it evaluated how the rural and urban landscape would look during the planning of the District Unit Plan, and how the resulting space would have an objective effect on urban and rural areas and how it would be evaluated for harmony. Therefore, this study applies and evaluates the weighted value of each inspection point selected by Lee lim jung (2016) to compare and analyze the actual application of the inspection point and the review report. As a result, it was assessed that no rational landscape planning was established because many simulation presentations were made at the lower priority point, and little was presented at the higher priority. The view point weights were distributed in the Landscape Review of the District Unit Plan with a score of up to 36 points from the lowest of 6 points, which resulted in the view simulation being reviewed in terms of various aspects.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2016

본 연구는 Fuzzy-AHP방법을 활용하여 세계 주요선사의 선박투자 전략을 비교분석하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 선박투자요인은 선행연구를 통해 1차적으로 선정한 후, 해운선사 근무경력 15년 이상의 전문가와 심층 인터뷰(Indepth-Inerview)를 수행하였다. 전문가의 지식추출이 가능한 Fuzzy-AHP를 사용하여 최종적으로 선박투자요인에 대한 가중치를 산정하였다. 선행연구에서 제시한대로 선사들을 "시황흐름 무관 선박투자" 형, "시황상승기 이전 선박투자" 형, "과다발주에 동참 후 시황하락" 형, "시황상승기 선박투자 회피" 형으로 분류하여 선박투자 전략을 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, "시황흐름 무관 선박투자" 형의 선박투자 우선순위는 해운운임(0.132), 중고선가(0.121), 선복량(0.103), "시황상승기 이전 선박투자" 형의 선박투자 우선순위는 해운운임(0.134), 선주여건(0.113), 정책금융기관의 지원(0.109)이 중요요인으로 분석되었다. "과다발주에 동참 후 시황하락" 형의 선박투자 우선선위는, 해운운임(0.173), 선복량(0.169), 국제정세 변화(0.121), "시황상승기 선박투자 회피" 형의 경우 해운운임(0.293), 선복량(0.232), 유가(0.150)가 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.929-939
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• 2018

북한은 수력발전이 전체 발전량의 약 63%를 차지할 만큼 비중이 높고, 지리적으로 수력발전 개발에 많은 이점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 33개의 북한 댐개발 가능지점에 대해 DEM자료를 이용하여 유역분석 및 저수량을 산정하고, MWSWAT 모델을 이용한 30년간의 장기유출 분석 결과를 적용하여 연간가능발생전력량을 추정하였다. 33개 지점의 연간가능발생전력량은 현재 북한 수력발전량의 약 28% 수준으로 평가되었다. 또한 도별 공업지구 규모를 추정하고, 장래 인구 변동을 전망하여 도별 댐개발 우선순위를 선정하고, 저수량과 연간가능발생전력량을 기초로 도내 댐개발 우선선위를 선정하였다. 도별 우선순위는 평안남도, 함경남도, 함경북도, 황해북도, 평안북도, 자강도, 량강도, 황해남도, 강원도 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 북한지역의 수력발전댐 개발사업의 진출을 위한 초기 검토 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.3155-3167
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• 2018

본 연구는 중등학교 교장이 인식하고 있는 교사신뢰 요인을 규명하고, 중등학교 교장의 교사 신뢰 형성에 있어 어떤 요구들을 가지고 있는지를 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 교장의 교사신뢰 측정도구를 개발한 선행연구의 설문 문항을 활용하여 중등학교 교장 총 296명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료를 분석하기 위하여 t검증, Borich 요구도 분석, 로커스 포 포커스(The locus for focus) 모델을 활용한 우선순위 결정방법을 사용하였다. 먼저, 바람직한 수준과 현재수준의 차이를 통계적으로 검증하기 위해 t검증을 실시하였고, Borich의 요구도 공식을 활용하여 우선순위를 도출하였다. 다음으로, The locus for focus 모델을 사용하여 요구도를 제시하고, 마지막으로 이를 종합하여 최우선 순위 항목과 차 우선순위 항목을 도출하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 중등학교 교장을 대상으로 한 요구도 조사에서 학급경영, 수업, 학생지도 범주의 항목들이 요구도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 다음으로, 학부모와의 동반자 관계 범주의 항목들이 차순위로 요구도가 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 중등학교 교장들이 학생과 학부모가 교육과 교장의 교사신뢰에 가장 중요하게 작용한다고 인식하고 있음을 의미한다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 논의 및 한계점을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

In South Korea, the conflict between development and conservation policy still exist among government ministries, and conventional development plan often has priority over conservation policy. Establishment of sustainable development and comprehensive management policy employing the results of ecosystem service studies are highly warranted, but researchers in South Korea are still limited and often misuse the concept of ecosystem services. Thus, we aimed to introduce the concept of Ecosystem Service (ES) and related terminologies such as Social-Ecological Systems (SESs), ecosystem function, trade-off, and human well-being in this paper. Additionally, this article reviewed and arranged key approaches in ES studies as follows: 1) field works, 2) mapping ecosystem services, 3) valuing ES, 4) quantifying trade-offs between ES and 5) understanding SESs. Based on those results, we suggest that field works for basic information have the first priority to be conducted among ES studies. Once basic information is sufficiently accumulated, researchers can perform applied ES research with accuracy. Finally, results of ES studies conducted by five approaches allow decision makers to consider both natural system and society simultaneously, and hence the results can be utilized for sustainable development and conservation policy based on ecosystem-based management.

• 경영과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.57-76
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• 2004

The development of informational technology has lead to a sharp change in not only the existing way of operations and management, but the way of human life or thinking as well. Those shifts of the paradigm in information technology have also affected Individuals to the organizational structure. A series of unexpected problems was, however, accompanied by the advance in informational technology, which had broaden its own area of application. Those problems include the losses of property or data the malfunction of systems and their wastefulness would result in, continuous increases in computer crimes, reliability and efficiency of the functional process with the development of information systems, such as the processing problems of inaccurate data, economical issues, and subjects related to safety, as interruptions of privacy, which would result from lots of one's exposure to the drains of personal information. Accordingly, Auditors' roles of information systems, for now, is more important than anything else in that they are responsible for the objective assessment of relevance and effectiveness of internal control systems under the environment of information systems. The objective of the study is, so as to obtain safety of information systems： First, to provide data to line-design internal control systems after finding internal control factors to prevent and eliminate the risks of information systems. Second, to evaluate the priorities of internal control factors with their effective management being considered as the key to settle the problems of risks of information systems. Third, to discriminate what factors affect In evaluating the relative degrees of Importance of internal control factors.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2017

본 연구는 융 복합형 스마트시티 서비스 실현을 위해 필요한 사항이 무엇이고, 각각에 대한 중요도 및 우선순위는 무엇인지 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 첫째 융 복합형 스마트시티 서비스에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통해 그 개념을 정립한다. 둘째, 스마트시티 관련 전문가를 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 수행하여 융 복합형 서비스를 구현하기 위해 필요한 요소를 도출한다. 셋째, 도출된 필요요소를 세분화하고 AHP기법을 활용하여 영역별 세부요소 간 우선순위 및 중요도를 도출한다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 스마트시티 사업의 핵심으로 자리잡을 것으로 예상되는 융 복합형 스마트시티 서비스의 구현을 위해 무엇을 중점적으로 고려하여야 하는지에 대해 고민해 봄으로써 향후 융 복합형 스마트시티 서비스의 안정적 정착과 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the priority order in the factors influencing college choice of students who are majoring in culinary art in Chungcheong-do. For the study, we set the decision-making factors of upper hierarchies and nineteen bottom hierarchies based on the literature review and employed the analytical hierarchical process(AHP). As a result, the first considering factor among 4 upper hierarchies for college choice was the educational environments of the department(0.378). The next came in the order named as follows: college and university grade(0.263), the educational environments of colleges or universities(0.244), recommendation(0.115). The first considering factor among the educational environments of the department was the aptitude for the major(0.323). The first considering factor in college and university grade was the entrance competitive rate(0.397). The first considering factors among the educational environments of the colleges or universities were scholarships and tuition fees(0.325). The first considering factor in recommendation was the recommendation of a high school teacher(0.295). This results of this study will contribute to the development of colleges and universities under the turbulent changes of educational environments.