• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-264
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the priority of information presentation and the effective menu type to be placed in the center of a gauge cluster display for commercial trucks and to present a set of ergonomic designs for the gauge cluster display. Background: An effective ergonomic design is specifically needed for the development of the gauge cluster display for the commercial trucks, because more diverse and heavier information is delivered to truck drivers, compared to the information to passenger car drivers. Method: First, all the information that must be shown on the commercial truck display was collected. Then, the severity, frequency of use, and display design parameters were evaluated for those information by commercial truck drivers. Next, an analysis on the information attributes and the heuristic evaluation utilizing the display design principles were carried out. According to the results, a design alternative of the main screen to be displayed was constructed by priority. A comparative analysis between the alternative and existing main screens was also conducted to see the efficacy of the designs. Lastly, we conducted an experiment for the selection of menu type. The experiment was conducted using the driving simulator with an eye-tracking device. The independent variables were four types of the menu reflecting the commercial truck characteristics such as grid type, icon type, list type, and flow type. We measured preference, total execution time, the total duration of fixation on the gauge cluster area, and the total number of fixation on the gauge cluster area as dependent variables. Results: Four types of driver convenience information and six types of driver assistance information were selected as the information to be placed primarily on the main screen of the gauge cluster. The Grid type was the most effective among the menu types. Conclusion: In this study, the information that appears on the main screen of the display, the division of the display and the design of the menu type for commercial truck drivers were suggested. Application: This study is expected to be utilized as guidelines on the ergonomic design of a gauge cluster display for commercial trucks.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4349-4356
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• 2015

This study examine operating system for eco-friendly container terminal and shows the usefulness of the Importance-performance analysis grid in evaluating container terminal operating technology. Importance-performance analysis enables management to evaluate and identify the major strengths and weaknesses of eco-friendly container terminal operating technology's key success factors. This study identified a list of 20 items from the eco-friendly container terminal literature reviews, and each item was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. Responses were obtained from 250 questionnaires. The importance-performance grid shows that 13 items fall into the "Keep up the good work" quadrant, 2 items fall into the "Concentrate here" quadrant, 2 items fall into the "Low priority" quadrant, and 3 items fall into the "Possible overkill" quadrant. The findings suggest that an eco-friendly container terminal operating technology is necessary to enhance eco-friendly operating system. The results are useful in identifying areas for strategic focus to help container terminal managers develop eco-friendly container terminal operating technology strategies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.305-316
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• 2014

The current global water market has been reshaped with a few multinational water companies, water-specialized companies, and other non-construction companies such as manufacturing and financial companies. Each has different business objectives along with the value chain of water industry. In this context, a SWOT-ANP model is proposed to prioritize strategic alternatives for a non-construction company in Korea and the result is validated through a comparison with the AHP model and real business strategies of the company examined from the recent news reports. The validation was confirmed that the company's strategies are very much similar to the priority list and the rankings of the strategic alternatives are identical with those from AHP model, while the weights are slightly changed from the weights in AHP result.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.305-319
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• 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of two sampling methods, i.e., adsorbent tubes and canisters, for the measurement of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A total of 24 target VOCs were selected from a list of 48 priority hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in Korea. The two sampling methods were investigated with a wide range of performance criteria such as repeatability, linearity, and lower detection limits. In addition, mean relative errors (MRE) and mean duplicate precisions (MDP) were estimated by inter-lab comparison studies for duplicate field samples. Precisions for the two methods appeared to be well comparable with the performance criteria recommended by USEPA TO-15 and TO-17 for canister and adsorbent methods, respectively. Correlations and variations between the VOCs concentrations determined by the two methods were generally good in most cases. However, MREs and MDPs for individual VOCs appeared to be widely ranged, depending on each VOC. This implies that the two methods have its own advantages and disadvantages in determining a variety of VOCs in ambient air, and neither of which has absolute superiority. Finally, 9 of 24 VOCs were found to be difficult to determine by either methods due to their unstability in a canister, and lack of appropriate standard materials. Thus, it is suggested that development of measurement methods for such unstable VOCs is an urgent task from a viewpoint of HAPs management.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 1999

This study examined the relative importance and the most preferred level of factors which were identified through the readability researchs. For this. subjects were given a text constructed in usual letter width with square form letter or non-square form and then. ranked the preference between the text factors. In experiment 1 where a text was printed in square letters. letter size was rated as the most important factor followed by line spacing letter width, line length, letter spacing, line justification, and letter form. But when non-square letters were used in experiment 2. the second most important factor was the letter spacing although letter size still topped the list. These findings indicate the differences in letter designing principles for various types and the unfamiliarity to non-square letter forms for general public. Unlike inYi and Jin(1998) where letter width turned out to be the most sensitive factor, the highest priority should be given to letter size when publishing with usual letter width.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2010

The vascular plants in the Haksan, Jeonju were listed 394 taxa; 94 families, 260 genera, 339 species, 1 subspecies, 46 varieties and 8 forms. Divided into woody plants were 111 taxa (28.2%) and herbaceous plants were 283 taxa (71.8%). Based on the list of rare plants by the Korea Forest Service; Viola albida (Preservation priority order : No. 202), Korean endemic plants, 6 taxa were recorded; Lespedeza maximowiczii for. tomentella, Indigofera koreana, Weigela subsessilis, etc. Specific plant species by floral region were total 19 taxa (4.8% of all 394 taxa of vascular plants); Wistaria floribunda (Planted species) in class IV, Acer palmatum (Planted species) and Melothrua japonica in class III, Nymphoides indica in class II, 15 taxa (Botrychium virginianum, Hosta capitata, Salix glandulosa, Quercus variabilis, Rhynchosia acuminatifolia, Ilex macropoda, Impatiens nolitangere, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, Vaccinium oldhami and Lonicera praeflorens, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 14 families, 30 genera, 32 taxa (Bromus rigidus, Rumex obtusifolius, Chenopodium ficifloium, Amaranthus lividus, Phytolacca americana, Lepidium apetalum, Amorpha fruticosa, Geranium carolinianum, Ailanthus altissima, Euphorbia supina, Oenothera biennis, Ipomoea purpurea, Veronica persica, Bidens frondosa, etc.) and naturalization rate was 8.1% of all 394 taxa of vascular plants. The ecosystem disturbing wild plants, Rumex acetocella, Aster pilosus and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia having manage to designation with Ministry of Environment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Unlike the past, brick-and-mortar is no longer on the priority list for the shopping activity. Instead, it is replaced by various non-store shopping alternatives, such as Internet, TV, catalog, mobile, etc. As consumers engage digitally, they made fewer trips to stores. Especially, as mobile shopping made the price comparison possible while shopping in the store, new shopping trend of 'showrooming' came to the fore as the serious issue. In order to cope with the this crisis, many brick-and-mortar retailers utilize omni-channel strategy for their countermeasure. This research paper is to suggest the omni-channel strategy that is applicable for the brick-and-mortar retailers. The results are as follows. First, in order to set up the connected-channel shopping environment, consumers have to be exposed to the environment that can deliver the continuous brand experience under the same price policy, brand and store management, etc, as integrating the various purchasing channels into one. Especially, in-store environment needs to change for the place where consumer experience is stressed for the most as using virtual reality devices with augmented reality technology. Also, the online digital kiosk, and tablet that consumer can order the products through the online channel while shopping in-store Second, the barrier-free in-store environment should be offered in order to increase the consumer convenience. This change will allow consumer communicate with the store environment more effectively. Lastly, brick-and-mortar should extend the physical territory as utilizing the offline's advantage and disadvantage through setting up the digital interactive wall or pop-up store for increasing the opportunity of customer interaction with the store. Moreover, visiting service for the elderly, housewife with the baby, or disabled person will be one of the effective substitute.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2005

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a representative compound of chlorophenol derivatives which are especially toxic and potentially carcinogenic compounds in the priority pollutant list of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency, USA). The aim of this study was to investigate an analysis method of PCP in infinitesimal quantity retained in paper. PCP in paper was pretreated by solid phase extraction (SPE) in a phenyl cartridge. The extracted sample was acetylated or silylated and analyzed with GC/MS-SIM. The detection sensitivity of silylated PCP was improved significantly when compared with those of PCP itself and acetylated PCP. As a test specimen, an office paper and a wallpaper were used.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.19
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• pp.7-31
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• 2003

The governments of almost countries have the rules and procedures that the purchasing entities have to follow, in order to ensure that the best value for money spent is obtained in procuring goods and services. However, there are often some of important problems in their rules relating to government procurement. Namely, almost countries have a variety of discriminatory regulations for foreign suppliers in the government procurement laws with the object of national security, economic welfare, and protection of domestic market from international competition. For this reason, several advanced countries had reached the Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement during Tokyo Round(1973-1979) and Uruguay Round(1986-1994). However, the provisions of two agreements do not apply to all products made by the government but only to those made by purchasing entities specified by each member country in its list in the Appendix. Accordingly, the size of goods and services purchased from foreign suppliers were comparatively not large. As we know well, the United States have spent a large amount of money from federal and state government budget. But the portion of procurement from foreign suppliers is still small, compared with the portion of procurement from domestic suppliers. The main reason are that U.S. has applied for long time the so-called Buy American Act to government procurement positively and maintained many kinds of other domestic regulations which have discriminatory provisions for foreign goods and foreign suppliers. On the recognition of these points, this thesis deals with the Buy American Act and other U.S. domestic laws, regional and bilateral, and plurilateral agreements including WTO Agreement on Government Procurement. As a result, the author found that there are several concerns and problems in the U.S. regulations relating to government procurement. It include the provisions on priority procurement of U.S.-produced products, local contents requirements, set-aside procurement from small business, and exclusion of preferential procurement from the developing countries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2007

In recent years, embedded systems have been expanding their application domains from traditional applications (such as defense, robots, and artificial satellites) to portable devices which execute more complicated applications such as cellular phones, digital camcoders, PMPs, and MP3 players. So as to manage restricted hardware resources efficiently and to guarantee both temporal and logical correctness, every embedded system use a real-time operating system (RTOS). Only when the RTOS makes kernel services deterministic in time by specifying how long each service call will take to execute, application programers can write predictable applications. Moreover, so as for an RTOS to be deterministic, its scheduling and context switch overhead should also be predictable. In this paper, we present the complete generalized algorithm to determine the highest priority in the ready list with 22r levels of priorities in a constant time without additional memory overhead.