• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1205-1210
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• 2019

Objective: The inhibitory effects of dietary antioxidants, diallyl disulfide (DADS) and quercetin, in marinade were investigated on the formation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPA priority 16 PAHs) in grilled pork. Methods: The formation of PAHs in grilled sirloin pork with different marinades after charcoal-grilling for 2 min/side were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Results: Compared with the control marinade treatment (without antioxidant), the addition of DADS (500 mg/kg meat sample) in marinade significantly decreased benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (100%) and heavy PAHs (84%) in charcoal-grilled pork, while the addition of quercetin at the same concentration could reduce 23% and 55% of BaP and heavy PAHs, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the addition of DADS in the marinade could be important in decreasing the levels of PAHs in grilled meat.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the features of ensuring the financial and economic security of the state in an aggressive external environment. The concept of financial and economic security should contain the priority goals and objectives of ensuring security, ways and methods to achieve them, adequately reflecting the role of finance in the socioeconomic development of the state. Its content is designed to coordinate nationwide actions in the field of security at the level of individual citizens, business entities, industries, sectors of the economy, as well as at the regional, national and international levels. The methodology includes a number of scientific and theoretical methods of analysis. Based on the results of the study, the key aspects of the system for ensuring the financial and economic security of the state in an aggressive external environment were identified.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2005

Many of the non-communicable diseases, which are now the major causes of death and disability worldwide, can be linked to our lifestyles, and thus to what eat The life-style related risk factors are - to a great extent - preventable. Public health nutrition (PHN) policies are means through which govemments can have an enornous impact on the reduction of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease, by creating and supporting environments which enable healthier food choices and which are conducive to healthy nutrition behavior. More and more countries are developing nutrition policies. Nutrition policies are tools through which governments can intervene and control nutrition-related concerns throughout all levels of society. The need for more concerted action in the Republic of Korea is demonstrated, by showing the lack of priority for nutrition issues. Four recommendations for action are made; the first recommendation places emphasis on the need to implement a structure at the political level, through which nutrition concerns can be addressed, such as a nutrition unit within the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The second recommendation stresses the need for a strong nutrition advocacy strategy, to raise the awareness of the gains that can be achieved by promoting healthy nutrition. The third recommendation calls for more vigorous regulations and stricter enforcement of food and nutrition advertisement, and the fourth recommendation emphasizes the need for a settings-bsed approach to nutrition interventions. Acknowledging the developments that have already occurred in Korea, public health nutrition has yet to become a priority on the agenda of policy makers in Korea.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2008

The IEEE 802.11 wireless standard uses the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) as its MAC protocol (during the distributed coordination function period). This protocol is an adaptation of the CSMA/CD of the wired networks. CSMA/CA mechanism cannot guarantee quality of service (QoS) required by the application because orits random access method. In this study, we propose a new MAC protocol that considers different types of traffic (e.g., voice and data) and for each traffic type different priority levels are assigned. To improve the QoS of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols over a multi-channel CSMA/CA, we have developed a new admission policy for both voice and data traffics. This protocol can be performed in direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) or frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). For voice traffic we reserve a channel, while for data traffic the access is random using a CSMA/CA mechanism, and in this case a selective reject and push-out mechanism is added to meet the quality of service required by data traffic. To study the performance of the proposed protocol and to show the benefits of our design, a mathematical model is built based on Markov chains. The system could be represented by a Markov chain which is difficult to solve as the state-space is too large. This is due to the resource management and user mobility. Thus, we propose to build an aggregated Markov chain with a smaller state-space that allows performance measures to be computed easily. We have used stochastic comparisons of Markov chains to prove that the proposed access protocol (with selective reject and push-out mechanisms) gives less loss rates of high priority connections (data and voices) than the traditional one (without admission policy and selective reject and push-out mechanisms). We give numerical results to confirm mathematical proofs.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.48-59
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• 2018

Beryllium (Be), cobalt (Co), thallium (Tl) and vanadium (V) are candidates of 21 priority soil pollutants in Korea. The distribution of their concentration in soils from three contamination sources including industrial, roadside and mining areas was investigated. Concentrations of the metals were evaluated quantitatively using pollution indices and the fractionation of metals was conducted using modified SM&T (Standards Measurements and Testing programme) sequential extraction. Concentrations of the metals for all samples from industrial and roadside soils were within the range of natural background levels, while some of Be in soils from abandoned mines exceeded that the range. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI) for Be, Co, Tl and V showed that there are effects or possibilities of anthropogenic activities. Pollution Load Index (PLI) analyses indicated all investigated sites needed further monitoring. The results of sequential extractions indicated mobile fractions (F1+F2) of Be, Tl and V were below 30% except some of Co in soil, which implies their low mobility to neighboring environment media. Variable tools like sequential extraction, comparison with background/actual concentration and pollution indices, as well as aqua regia extraction should be considered when evaluating Be, Co, Tl, V in soil.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1593-1598
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an intelligent signal control method based on fuzzy logic applicable in real time. We design membership functions to model occupied time and the number of vehicles for each lane. A priority for each signal phase is computed by the popular Max-Min fuzzy inference based on control rules and membership degrees of prepared two functions at any given time. A tie breaking scheme is considering weighted sum of the rate of occupied time per number of vehicles in that block and the standard deviation of these blocks. Only a signal phase with the highest priority is opened and all others are closed and the duration of the phase opening is computed proportional to the rate of number of weighting vehicles in that signal per all weighted vehicles. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is more efficient than the static control in all simulation conditions in $2{\times}3$ experimental designs with the number of vehicles in intersection and congestion degrees that have all three levels.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.386-395
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate sodium reduction practices in school foodservice in Daegu. Methods: The survey included 199 nutrition teachers and dietitians working at elementary, middle and high schools in Daegu. The survey topics included the following: the frequency of salinity measurement, workers in charge of the measurement, average salinity of the soup and stew served, frequency and difficulties of offering low-sodium meals, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of sodium reduction methods in school foodservice and the need for political support in encouraging sodium reduction. Results: The mean salinity of the soup and stew was higher in high school foodservice than in elementary and middle school foodservice. Middle and high schools have difficulties in offering low-sodium meals due to concerns of decreasing satisfaction for the meals. The results of the IPA of programs to reduce sodium in school meals showed that most of the items in the cooking and serving stages were in the 2nd quadrant (Keep up the good work), and all purchasing and menu planning stages occupied the 3rd quadrant (Low priority). To reduce sodium in school meals, government support is required in developing low-sodium recipes for school foodservice, encouraging education on sodium reduction for school foodservice officials and developing low-sodium food for institutional foodservice. Conclusions: To encourage sodium reduction in school meals, the priority is to make low-sodium recipes available. Also, it is necessary to develop a program that calculates the sodium content in menus and processed foods through National Education Information System and to establish standards for sodium levels in school foodservice.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

This research proposes a method that aims to evaluate the risk levels of websites based on exposure risks of privacy information. The proposed method considers two aspects as follows. First, we define the risk levels of each privacy information according to its own inherent risk. Second, we calculate the visiting probability of a webpage to measure the expected of the actual exposure of privacy information on that webpage. In this research, we implemented an system to prove that automatically collects websites and calculates their risk levels. For the experiments, we used a real world dataset consisting of a total of websites for 4 categories such as university, bank, central government agency, and education. The experiment results show that the websites in the bank category are relatively well managed, while the others are needed to cope with the exposure of privacy information. Finally, the proposed method in this research is expected to be further utilized in establishing a priority-based approach to alleviate of the privacy information exposure problems.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Recently, the necessity and interest to improve the tourism preparedness for enhancing the quality of foreign tourists is increasing, but the related research is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to identify the preferential improvement elements related to the tourism preparedness of foreign tourists. To do this, we applied the R-IPA analysis to analyze and compare the elements affecting the tourist preparedness according to tourist type and time period. As a result of R-IPA analysis for all tourists, the elements that need to maintain the current quality levels were food, security, transit, shopping, and tourist attractiveness and the elements that need to be improved but low priority were language communication, travel expenses, and tourist information service. As a result of R-IPA analysis by tourist type, for individual tourists it is necessary to maintain current quality levels of transit, food, shopping, tourist attractiveness, and security. For group tourists, it is necessary to maintain current quality levels of accommodation, shopping, tourist attractiveness, and tourist information service, but food needs to be urgent improvement.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is the most important marker for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in NCEP-ATP III(National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) guideline. Therefore, LDL cholesterol is pathologically meaningful, accurate measurement should be a top priority. Currently, LDLC is directly measured in most cases, but, the estimate is still used in mass health examination or screening test. This study is about the comparison of LDL-Cholesterol direct measurement with the estimate using various formula (Friedewald: [LDL-F=TC-HDL-TG/5], Nakajima: [LDL-N=TC-HDL-TG/4], Hattori: [LDL-H =0.94TC-0.94HDL-0.19TG], Puavilai: [LDL-P=TC-HDL-TG/6], Carvalho: [LDL-C=3(TC-HDL)/4]) for calculating more accurate value. We analyzed total cholesterol (TC), try-glyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and LDLC levels of 210 subjects between June and November in 2011. Until now, the Friedewald formula is the most commonly used estimate for the LDLC. When Friedewald formula was applied, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.940, showing high correlation. But, the result of the direct method was significantly different, compared with those of the Friedewald formula in triglyceride levels ${\geq}400mg/dL$(p<0.05). There was the highest correlation when we used LDL-P formula(r=0.947) in triglyceride levels <400 mg/dl. Also there was the lowest mean difference regardless of triglyceride level. Therefore, the study showed that TG/6 is more precise means of calculation than TG/5. On the other hand, the calculation of LDL-Cholesterol was underestimated, compared with direct measurement. It is necessary to have more data and modified Friedewald formula should be used for the accurate calculation.