• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2016

The objective of the current study was to determine acute plasma stress responses in two size groups of juvenile Epinephelus akaara (average body weight: $8.4{\pm}2.1$ and $3.3{\pm}0.6g$; 150 and 120 days after hatch, respectively) exposed to abrupt salinity drops (from 34 practical salinity unit, PSU seawater to 18, 10 PSU (experiment 1) or 26, 18, 10 PSU (experiment 2), respectively). Plasma glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, red blood cell counts, and gill histology were determined during 72 h exposure. Significantly increased plasma glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase levels, and red blood cell counts were observed in fish exposed to 18 or 10 PSU. Histological changes, such as hyperplasia and lifting of epithelium in the gill secondary lamellae, were also observed in fish exposed to 18 or 10 PSU at 72 h post-drop. E. akaara exposed to sudden salinity drops to 18 or 10 PSU still seems to undergo the primary adjustment phase before fish reaches a new homeostasis, whereas fish exposed to 26 PSU seems to mount osmotic changes. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect levels for 72 h acute salinity challenge was 26 PSU in our study, and salinity drop to 18 PSU and below can possibly cause acute adverse effect, in which fish could be vulnerable to additional stresses such as a temperature changes or handling stress.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1099-1107
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• 2020

The need for customized services providing real-time subway information through mobile devices for the blind using subway as their primary transportation method is becoming more essential. Therefore, this study is aimed at developing a mobile service to provide real-time subway information by displaying with braille and utilizing Dot Watch. The process of real-time subway information guidance mobile service is as follows: the route confirmation stage, the ride waiting & judgment stage, the on-the-go stage, and lastly, the off-road phase & wrong path state. The service provides real-time appropriate information to the visually impaired people for each situation. It receives subway information through API provided by Seoul Metropolitan Government and ODSay API. The service is developed and coded with in Java using Android Studio, and the communicating method with Dot Watch was done using Bluetooth. The usability evaluation was conducted in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. The evaluation methods mentioned above were carried out by testees, and feedback was given. They assessed that the information provided was useful but still unstable to use the system. It is expected that actual usability will increase if our study is supplemented using voice output function.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2008

본 연구는 운동유형별 운동 전후 뇌졸중 환자의 보행시 하지근육 활성도의 차이를 비교 분석하여 임상에서 기능적 수행능력의 개선을 위한 효과적인 근력강화 방법을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 운동치료군, 탄성밴드군 및 신장반사군으로 구분하여 각각 7명씩 총 21명을 대상으로 하였고, 운동프로그램은 8주 동안 주 5회 실시하였다. 1차 단하지 지지기에서 장요근 및 대퇴이두근의 %MVIC는 신장반사군이 운동치료군과 탄성밴드군보다 높은 수준을 보였고, 반면 전경골근의 %MVIC는 탄성밴드군이 운동치료군보다 낮은 수준을 보였다. 2차 양하지 지지기에서 장요근의 %MVIC는 신장반사군이 운동치료군과 탄성밴드군보다 높은 수준을 보였고, 반면 내측 비복근의 %MVIC는 신장반사군이 운동치료군보다 낮은 수준을 보였다. 결론적으로 신장반사 운동은 운동치료와 탄성밴드를 이용한 근력강화 운동 보다 고관절의 안정성 및 하지 분절의 운동성을 제공하는 주요 근육의 활성도에 효과적인 영향을 미침으로써 임상에서 근 약화로 인한 운동 기능이 제한된 편마비 환자에게 실용적으로 접근할 수 있는 운동방법이라고 판단된다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 전압원 인버터의 출력전압 파형을 개선하여 PWM방식을 사용할 수 없는 중 대용량급 모터드라이버 및 UPS, STATCOM, SVC등에 적용하기 위한 새로운 3상 전압원 24-스텝 인버터를 제안한다 보조회로로서 사용한 컨버터로 리플전압을 발생시키고 이를 기존의 12-스텝 인버터에 주입하는데 한대의 링크를 사용하면 12-스텝 동작이 24-스텝으로 전환되며 보조 변압기의 1차 권선을 2N(N=1,2,3...)으로 늘리면 12M-스텝(M=2,3,4..)으로 전환된다. 본 방식의 타당성을 실험 및 시뮬레이션을 통하여 입증하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 이동체의 움직임 및 그에 따른 편파 도래각 변화에 대응 가능한 위성 수신용 능동 위상 배열 안테나를 개발하도록 한다. 이를 위하여 이중편파를 10.7~14.5 GHz의 Ku 대역에서 동시에 구현 가능한 비발디 안테나와 효과적으로 위상 및 이득을 제어할 수 있는 MFC(Multi-Function Core) 칩을 자체 개발하였으며, 이를 이용하여 수신 모듈과 제어 모듈로 이루어진 능동 위상 배열 안테나를 제작하였다. 제작 결과, $60^{\circ}$ 각도까지의 깨끗한 빔 조향 특성과 높은 격리도의 편파 가변 특성을 확인하였다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.110-138
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• 1983

After Liberation of Korea, Korean fisheries economy fell into an exhausted conditions because of the damage of Japanese colonization policy and the Korean War, and fisheries organizations of those days established for the improvement of fishermen's welfare could not carry out their primary purposes and functions. Under such circumstances, Fisheries Cooperatives starting on April 1st in 1961 played a great role in settling the socio-economic confusion of those days. Fisheries financing was also more systematic and substantial after establishment of Fisheries Cooperatives. In fact fisheries industry was faced with much more riskiness than any other industry on account of its speciality and such a riskiness induced general financial institutions to be reluctant to lend money to the fishermen. In order to overcome such a capital rationing, it was necessary to establish the reciprocal financing system based on the principle of mutual protection of economic weakers. Credit business in Fisheries Cooperatives beginning in 1963 was mainly dependent on governmental fund as fund sources. But the size of fund was too small to satisfy fishermen's fund demand, therefore Fisheries Cooperatives carried out the movement of raising its own fund. As a result of the movement the ratio of its own fund to total funds amounted to 47.7% in 1980, but external funds still take a greater part of all funds. To settle the weakness of the ratio of its own fund and chronic deficiency of fund, a conclusion can be drawn as follows : 1. The enlargement of Fisheries Cooperatives' raising ability of funds. .The expansion of urban branch to absorb idle funds in urban area. .The diversification of financing service to compete with genetral financial institutions. 2. The enlargement of governmental fund and preferential treatment of fishermen's savings. 3. Vitalization of mutual finance and fixation of Fisheries Cooperatives' two-phase organization. 4. The re-enforcement of supervisory financing and post management system.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.5-34
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 국제연구협력관련 모든 정보유형을 발굴하고 각 유형별로 정보를 수집하여 데이터베이스로 구축하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구진이 메타데이터를 일차적으로 개발하고 메타데이터 전문가들과의 논의과정을 거쳐 1차적으로 메타데이터를 개발하였으며, 이에 대해 국제연구협력 관련 전문가들을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였다. 뿐만 아니라 각 정보원 유형별 메타필드에 데이터를 수집하여 입력하였으며, 메타필드별로 실제 데이터가 존재하는지 등의 과정을 거쳐 메타필드를 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 설계한 DB 유형은 국제연구협력정보원 DB, 국제연구협력 사업 DB, 국제연구협력 전문가 DB, 국제연구협력 기관 DB, 국제기구 DB, 기타 DB 등이며, 이에 대해 설문조사를 수행하고 실제 데이터를 입력하여 필드를 검증한 결과, 설문조사 결과와 필드별 데이터 입력률은 상당히 높은 일치율을 보였다. 다만 국제기구 데이터 필드만은 이용자의 높은 중요도 평가에도 불구하고 10%이하의 데이터 입력률을 보이는 필드가 25% 정도 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4087-4107
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• 2016

The current cloud computing paradigm is still vulnerable to a significant number of system failures. The increasing demand for fault tolerance and resilience in a cost-effective and device-independent manner is a primary reason for creating an effective means to address system dependability and availability concerns. This paper focuses on online failure prediction for cloud computing systems using system runtime data, which is different from traditional tolerance techniques that require an in-depth knowledge of underlying mechanisms. A 'failure prediction' approach, based on Cloud Theory (CT) and the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), is proposed that extends the HMM by training with CT. In the approach, the parameter ω is defined as the correlations between various indices and failures, taking into account multiple runtime indices in cloud computing systems. Furthermore, the approach uses multiple dimensions to describe failure prediction in detail by extending parameters of the HMM. The likelihood and membership degree computing algorithms in the CT are used, instead of traditional algorithms in HMM, to reduce computing overhead in the model training phase. Finally, the results from simulations show that the proposed approach provides very accurate results at low computational cost. It can obtain an optimal tradeoff between 'failure prediction' performance and computing overhead.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.219-236
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• 2009

Particle-phase organic tracers (molecular markers) have been shown to be an effective method to assess and quantify the impact of sources of carbonaceous aerosols. These molecular markers have been used in chemical mass balance (CMB) models to apportion primary sources of organic aerosols in regions where the major organic aerosol source categories have been identified. As in the case of all CMB models, all important sources of the tracer compounds must be included in a Molecular Marker CMB (MM-CMB) model or the MMCMB model can be subject to biases. To this end, the application of the MM-CMB models to locations where reasonably accurate emissions inventory of organic aerosols are not available, should be performed with extreme caution. Of great concern is the potential presence of industrial point sources that emit carbonaceous aerosols and have not been well characterized or inventoried. The current study demonstrates that emissions from industrial point sources in the St. Louis, Missouri area can greatly bias molecular marker CMB models if their emissions are not correctly addressed. At a sampling site in the greater St. Louis Area, carbonaceous aerosols from industrial point sources were found to be important source of carbonaceous aerosols during specific time periods in addition to common urban sources (i.e. mobile sources, wood burning, and road dust). Since source profiles for these industrial sources have not been properly characterized, method to identify time periods when point sources are impacting a sampling site, needs to avoid obtaining biases source apportionment results. The use of real time air pollution measurements, along with molecular marker measurements, as a screening tool to identify when point sources are impacting a receptor site is presented.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.281-293
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• 1992

Classification of the cycle of seminiferous epithelia into 12 stages by the morphological changes in acrosomal system and evaluation of the relative frequency of stages and the cell association were histologically performed in the mature Korean native Jin-do dogs. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The minimum number of type A spermatogonia averaged 1.01 at stages I, while maximum number averaged 2.47 at stages XII. Some type A spermatogonia divided at stage XII to produce the type intermediate(IN) spermatogonia at the following stage I. The type IN spermatogonia divided at stage IV to produce the type B spermatogonia at stage V. 2. The type B spermatogonia divided at stage VI to produce the preleptotene primary spermatocytes at stage VII. The secondary spermatocytes observed at stage XII. The secondary spermatocytes observed at stage XII divided to give rise to the round spermatids at the following stage I. The numbers of the first spermatocytes and spermatids were almost constant, respectively, through all the cycles of seminiferous epithelium. 3. The acrosomal vesicle was invaginated to occupy one third to half of spermatid nucleus at the cap phase, which was different from that of rodent and ruminant spermatid nuclei. 4. The relative frequencies of stages I to XII of seminiferous epithelia cycle were 10.34, 4.84, 5.03, 8.22, 10.86, 6.63, 6.42, 18.88, 10.17, 6.18, 7.62% and 4.81%, respectively.