• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.130-137
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• 2003

Water, in a living being, is as essential as the essence derived from food is in maintaining one's life. The concepts are expressed in forms of "food and drink" and "drink-food" in the ${\mathbb{\ulcorner}}Hwangjenakyoung{\mathbb{\lrcorner}}$ and most of the other oriental medicine related references. Following the steps of the human body's metabolism, the water source builds up characteristic formations, such as bodily fluids (blood/perspiration/urine/essence), in each transforming phase according to the nature of the Ki that propels the transformation. Furthermore, each characteristic formations has its' own suitable duties, distinctive features and its field of activation. The vital energy of life is identified as a positive property due its fluidity and its formless nature. In order for this vital energy to come into its own, it needs to weld into one with the material-natured body of the negative property which will embrace the positive property and transform it into body fluid. Water taken into a body will undergo the first activation of Ki, dissolving the Wigi and the Wongi and transforming into the primary body fluid. The delicates among the dissolved Ki will once again go through a transformation in the Jungcho. It will turn into red blood, with influence of the vital function. When the vital energy completes its duties in all parts of the body, it combines with water again and transforms into the secondary bodily fluid. This is when the Takgi gets filtered and the new enriched essence is created.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

As a new foundation treatment technology, long-short pile composite's design theory is still in primary phase, and there are no explicit settlement calculation methods in active codes. So it is necessary to study the working mechanism and the methods of settlement calculation. In this paper, the mechanics of long-short pile composite foundation are fully discussed. Meanwhile, based on the shear deformation method, the Mylonakis & Gazetas models about mutual action between two piles and the one between pile and soil are introduced, Considering the performance of cushion, the flexible factors of mutual actions are provided. Then the settlement calculation of long-short pile composite foundation which can consider the mutual actions between pile, soil and cap is deduced, and the correlated program is also developed. Finally, an engineering example is discussed with the method. A comparison shows that calculated results and measured data from a field test pile are in a good agreement, indicating that the presented approach is feasible and applicable in engineering practice.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.885-886
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• 2006

We have proposed a 100 MVA, 3 phases, 154 kV class HTS transformer which will substitute for 60 MVA conventional transformer. In this paper, we designed conceptually the structure of the superconducting windings of a single phase 33 MVA transformer. The power transformer of 154 kV class has a tertiary winding besides primary and secondary windings. So the HTS transformer should have the 3rd superconducting winding, it makes the cost of the HTS transformer high and the efficiency low. Further more we considered On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) in HTS power transformer. OLTC equipment is required for fitting to a power transformer by which the voltage ratio between the windings can be varied while the transformer is on load. We analyzed the electrical characteristics of the HTS transformer such as magnetic stress and AC loss.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.793-796
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• 2004

Process Parameters were studied in synthesis of LiCoO$_2$ Powder by ultrasonic spray Pyrolysis. Concentration of the mixed solution influenced the size, shape, and yield of the synthesized powder. The yield was affected primarily by the height of the solution, and then by the flow rate of a carrier gas. The temperature of the reactor governed the crystallinity and morphology of the powder. LiCoO$_2$ powders were synthesized as a layered high temperature phase above 800$^{\circ}C$. The synthesized powders were sphere and secondary Particles consisted of primary particles of 55-70 nm. The secondary Particles became bigger from 0.28 to 1.43 $\mu\textrm{m}$ as the concentration of the solution was increased from 0.05 to 2.0 M. The 2.0 M solution provided the highest production rate.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

This Study was performed to get the suitable oil dispersion agent by assessment of color strength of organic pigment in non-aqueous systems. Organic pigment is used as a color expression material with other body pigments in the make-up products. But occasionally aggregation or agglomeration occurs for the lack of affinity with medium, This function is the cause of disturbing homogeneous dispersion, and then bring about an instability of products. Our study, research of dispersion mechanism between the pigment and oil phase, has been executed to solve this problem, and find a oil dispersion agent having optimum dispersion condition. Generally dispersion is related to between the solid-liquid mutual properties and electrical phenomena associated with solid-liquid interface. This factor is determined to input energy, milling time, optical properties, particle size, rheological properties, etc. Ideal dispersion state is told that coloring primary solid particle is homogeneously dispersed in medium. Good dispersed colorants are strongly and clearly appeared. We are already known that the particle size of organic pigment, chemical properties and viscosity of medium, refractive index. Consequently We determine the affinity of medium and organic pigment by measuring of color strength in the same mechanical condition. UV-VISIBLE RECORDING SPECTRO PHOTOMETER is used for measuring apparatus. We can decided the dispersion level of oil dispersion agent by measuring absorbance of color strength in the visible range that diluted medium for colloid colorant particles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.2917-2921
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• 2014

Cerium-activated yttrium aluminate ($Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$) exhibiting a garnet structure has been widely utilized in the production of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a yellow emitting phosphor. The commercialized yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphor is typically synthesized by a solid-state reaction, which produces irregular shape particles with a size of several tens of micrometers by using the top-down method. To control the shape and size of particles, which had been the primary disadvantage of top-down synthetic methods, we synthesized YAG:Ce nanoparticles with a diameter of 500 nm using a coprecipitation method under the atmospheric pressure without the use of template or special equipment. The precursor particles were formed by refluxing an aqueous solution of the nitrate salts of Y, Al, and Ce, urea, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (55 K) at $100^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. YAG:Ce nanoparticles were formed by the calcination of precursor particles at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 10 h under atmospheric conditions. The phase identification, microstructure, and photoluminescent properties of the products were evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, absorption spectrum and photoluminescence analyses.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2006

The high velocity oxy-fuel sprayed coatings of 38Ni-23Co-20Cr-11Al-3Y-5Ta, 25Ni-34Co-20Cr-11Al-3Y-2Re and 32Ni-34.5Co-22Cr-11Al-0.5Ir (in wt%) were oxidized at 1000 and $1100^{\circ}C$ in air in order to find the alloying effect of Ta, Re and Ir on the oxidation properties of the NiCoCrAlY-base coatings. The primary phase of the coatings was $Ni_3Al$. The oxides formed on the coatings consisted primarily of ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$, together with some $CoCr_2O_4,\;CoAl_2O_4$, and $Al_5Y_3O_{12}$. Tantalum oxidized to $Ta_2O_5$ and $Ta_2O_{22}$. However, no oxides of Re and Ir were detected by XRD owing to their thermodynamic inertness and/or their small amount.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.64.4-65
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• 2016

Observations of the early photons from evolution of optical afterglows or internal shock provides the crucial clues on the nature of the bursts and environments. Hundreds of GRBs afterglow observations in multi-wavelength region have been made mainly thanks to the fast (~ 60 seconds after the trigger) localisation GRB by Swift and its fast alert to the ground telescope. It helps to improve our understandings tremendously, however many enigmas still remain, such as burst mechanism, transition prompt emission to the afterglow, early optical flash, rise phase of the early optical light curve and some missing afterglows. They could be addressed by fast slewing and multi colour and IR follow-up by future telescopes. The primary aim of UFFO/Lomonosov is to follow up optical fast ever, within a couple of seconds after trigger by onboard X-ray telescope. Its optical FOV is $30{\times}30degrees$. As a key instrument, the Slewing Mirror to redirect the optical beam from GRBs rapidly to the Ritchey-Chretien telescope. The status and launch schedule of the UFFO/Lomonosov and its test performance will be reported and prospects for the next missions will be discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2009

The effect of plastic board drains (PBDs)on ground improvement was checked out considering three crucial factors: ground settlement, undrained shear strength, and residual water head. First, the settlement analysis including initial settlement induced by reclamation of sand mat was conducted by back calculation analysis with measured data. Its result showed toot the PBDs used for this site worked well on improving soft ground. Secondly, the undrained shear strength was investigated by laboratory and in-situ tests including unconsolidated-undrained triaxial compression (UU) tests, unconfined compression tests, in-situ vane tests, and cone penetration tests. From the test results, they showed that the undrained shear strength of the improved ground by PBDs was significantly increased as well as the strength increasing ratio especially $10{\sim}15m$ below the ground surface on site. Thirdly, the residual water head measurement from the in situ dissipation test was found the same as the static water head, which indicated primary consolidation was completed and the effect of soil improvement with PBDs can be confirmed.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.856-863
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• 2011

In this paper a novel method of the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm for rotor position estimation in Switched Reluctance Motors is presented. The data provided by the initial assumptions is one of the important aspects used to solve the problems relative to an Ant Colony algorithm. Considering the nature of a real ant colony, it was found that the ants have no primary data for deducing which is the shortest path in their initial iteration. They also do not have the ability to see the food sources at a distance. According to this point of view, a novel method is presented in which the rotor pole position relative to the corresponding stator pole in a switched reluctance motor is estimated with high accuracy using the active and inactive phase parameters. This new method gives acceptable results such as a desirable convergence together with an optimized and stable response. To the best knowledge of the authors, such an analysis has not been carried out previously.