• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.31-34
• /
• 2019

Chondroblastoma is a rare benign tumor that produces giant cells and cartilage matrix. The tumor occurs in people between 10 and 25 years with slightly higher incidence in males. The condition occurs in the proximal epiphysis of the tibia and humerus, distal epiphysis of the femur, but its occurrence in the talus is relatively rare, accounting for 4% of the total number of chondroblastoma cases. Chondroblastoma is often misdiagnosed as a primary aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor, chondromyxoid, and lesion of a secondary aneurysmal bone cyst by fibrous dysplasia. The most commonly used surgical method for chondroblastoma is broad curettage with bone grafting. In general, an aneurysmal bone cyst is associated with a second degree chondroblastoma, which is approximately 20%. Chondroblastoma of the talus and secondary aneurysmal bone cysts can be misdiagnosed as primary aneurysmal bone cysts. This paper reports a case of a young male patient with chondroblastoma of the talus, which was initially misdiagnosed as an aneurysmal bone cyst with involvement of the talo-navicular joint.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 2023

A medial opening wedge supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO) introduced by Takakura et al. is a useful realignment procedure for patients with ankle joint arthritis and varus malalignment by shifting the weight-bearing axis laterally and redistributing the loads on the ankle joint. When pain persists after arthroscopic microfracture in patients with medial osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), redo arthroscopy, osteochondral autograft transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, or matrix-induced chondrogenesis might be indicated. On the other hand, there is insufficient scientific evidence for realignment surgery through SMO, while the effect of realignment surgery has been studied consecutively for osteochondral lesions of the knee. Therefore, this paper reports a patient with medial OLT who underwent redo arthroscopy combined with SMO for persistent pain after primary arthroscopic microfracture.

• Educational Technology International
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.35-60
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of lesson and its effectiveness with digital textbook. To address those goals, we had observed five classes of the primary school, which designated as a research pilot school for digital textbook. Based on the result of observation, 3 types of lesson with digital textbook were categorized: Teacher-directed lecture (type 1), Blended learning (type 2), and Flipped learning (type 3). Depending on the type of lesson was analyzed the positive and negative effectiveness by means of matrix analysis method. As a result, in Teacher-directed lecture (type 1), there was found out the participation of the lesson in atmosphere of stable and comfortable as positive experience, also digital textbook operating immature and boring as negative experience. In Blended learning (type 2), there was found out the fun by sharing the product and peer feedback, and flow by learning transfer as positive experience, also digital textbook operating immature and understanding the difference between assignments as negative experience. In Flipped learning (type 3), there was shown the positive attitude and ownership in the lesson as positive experience, also distracting and boring in the lesson when learner was excluded in participation as negative experience. Based on the results, we suggested some strategies for improving positive experience and protecting negative experience in the lesson with using digital textbook.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.597-601
• /
• 2009

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is known to be responsible for hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. When round-shape quiescent HSCs go to activation by liver injury, production of extracellular matrix is increased, and its shape becomes myofibroblast-like shape. The activated HSCs are characterized by the high rate of proliferation and the increased production of extracellular matrix. One way of the regeneration of activated HSCs is an apoptosis induction followed by removing the activated myofibroblast-like cells. The effect of extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. (TCE) on cytotoxicity was evaluated using the rat primary hepatocyte, HepG2 and T-HSC/Cl-6 by incubating these cells with TCE up to the dose of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. At the maximum dose of TCE, no cytotoxicity was found on primary hepatocyte and HepG2, but cytotoxic effect of TCE was found on activated HSCs, and T-HSC/Cl-6 in a U-shaped dose-response manner with the highest effect at $500{\mu}g/mL$ of TCE. Finally, we confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic cell death by annexin-V/PI double staining. The population of annexin-V positive cells was increased in a dose dependent manner.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.205-217
• /
• 2007

As an initial step toward better understanding of the molecular mechanism of estrogen-dependent growth in myoma, an optimal primary cell culture condition has been developed and examined by this study. Myoma and myometrium were cultured by two different methods. Culture stability and $E_2$-responsiveness in stable culture were studied. The culture of digested tissue pieces(Method 2) was found to be a stable culture method for the myoma and myometrium showing a favorable response to estrogen. mRNA expression of PR, IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor genes was enhanced by $E_2$. The gene responses to $E_2$ were higher in myoma compared with myometrium. Moreover, these responses were more expressive in tissues than in the surrounding cells in primary culture of normal myometrium and myoma, implying a vital role of cell communication through the extracellular matrix in maintaining the estrogen-responsiveness. The development of an improved cell culture system for myoma provides an in vitro tool to further investigate the basis of the tumor formation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2017

In the present study, we tried to examine whether oleanolic acid regulates the activity, secretion and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes, as well as the production of MMP-3 in the knee joint of rat to evaluate the potential chondroprotective effect of oleanolic acid. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$)-induced gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4), ADAMTS-5 and type II collagen. In rabbit articular chondrocytes, the effects of oleanolic acid on IL-$1{\beta}$-induced secretion and proteolytic activity of MMP-3 were investigated using western blot analysis and casein zymography, respectively. The effect of oleanolic acid on in vivo MMP-3 protein production was also examined, after intra-articular injection to the knee joint of rat. The results were as follows: (1) oleanolic acid inhibited the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5, but increased the gene expression of type II collagen; (2) oleanolic acid reduced the secretion and proteolytic activity of MMP-3; (3) oleanolic acid suppressed the production of MMP-3 protein in vivo. These results suggest that oleanolic acid can regulate the activity, secretion and gene expression of MMP-3, by directly acting on articular chondrocytes.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.367-383
• /
• 2016

The influence mechanism of mean value components, noted as $P_0$, on POD applications for complete random fields $P_C(t)$ and fluctuating random fields $P_F(t)$ are illustrated mathematically. The critical philosophy of the illustration is introduction of a new matrix, defined as the correlation function matrix of $P_0$, which connect the correlation function matrix of $P_C(t)$ and $P_F(t)$, and their POD results. Then, POD analyses for several different wind pressure fields were presented comparatively as validation. It's inevitable mathematically that the first eigenmode of $P_C(t)$ resembles the distribution of $P_0$ and the first eigenvalue of $P_C(t)$ is close to the energy of $P_0$, due to similarity of the correlation function matrixs of $P_C(t)$ and $P_0$. However, the viewpoint is not rigorous mathematically that the first mode represents the mean pressure and the following modes represent the fluctuating pressure when $P_C(t)$ are employed in POD application. When $P_C(t)$ are employed, POD results of all modes would be distorted by the mean value components, and it's impossible to identify $P_0$ and $P_F(t)$ separately. Consequently, characteristics of the fluctuating component, which is always the primary concern in wind pressure field analysis, can only be precisely identified with $P_0$ excluded in POD.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.569-574
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the anti-osteoarthritic effects of deer bone extract on the gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen type II (COL2) in interleukin-$1{\beta}$-induced osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: Primary rabbit chondrocytes were treated as follows: CON (PBS treatment), NC (IL-$1{\beta}$ treatment), PC (IL-$1{\beta}+100{\mu}g/mL$ glucosamine sulphate/chondroitin sulphate mixture), and DB (IL-$1{\beta}+100{\mu}g/mL$ deer bone extract). RESULTS: The results of the cell viability assay indicated that deer bone extract at doses ranging from 100 to $500{\mu}g/mL$ inhibits cell death in chondrocytes induced by IL-$1{\beta}$. Deer bone extract was able to significantly recover the mRNA expression of COL2 that was down-regulated by IL-$1{\beta}$ (NC: 0.79 vs. DB: 0.87, P < 0.05) and significantly decrease the mRNA expression of MMP-3 (NC: 2.24 vs. DB: 1.75) and -13 (NC: 1.28 vs. DB: 0.89) in OA chondrocytes (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that deer bone extract induces accumulation of COL2 through the down-regulation of MMPs in IL-$1{\beta}$-induced OA chondrocytes. Our results suggest that deer bone extract, which contains various components related to OA, including chondroitin sulphate, may possess anti-osteoarthritic properties and be of value in inhibiting the pathogenesis of OA.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.114-125
• /
• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of fibroblasts or connective tissue from mouse oral mucosa on differentiation of neonatal mouse calvaria-derived osteoblasts and mineralization of bone nodules. Primary cell cultures from mouse calvarial osteoblasts and 2-4 passaged fibroblasts from oral mucosa were co-cultured in monolayer cultures, devided into 6 experimental group according to cell density or cell confluency. Osteoblasts were also co-cultured with fibroblasts in $Transwell^{(R)}$ culture plate with different co-cultured period according to osteoblast differentiation. The alkaline phosphatase activity were measured in monolayer cultures and cultures using $Transwell^{(R)}$. The mineralized bone nodules were presented by Von Kossa staining and density of mineralized nodules was measured by image analysis. The connective tissues with or without osteoblast seeding were cultured and examined histologically by Von Kossa and Trichrome Goldner staining. The results were as follows; 1. Prolonged maturation of matrix and delayed mineralization of bone nodules were resulted in monolayer cultures. 2. Co-culture of fibroblast with osteoblast using $Transwell^{(R)}$ during osteoblast proliferation stage stimulated proliferation of osteoblasts and increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of bone nodules. 3. Co-culture of fibroblast with osteoblast using $Transwell^{(R)}$ during matrix mineralization stage decreased and delayed mineralization of bone nodules. 4. In vitro cultured connective tissue with osteoblast seeding resulted in proliferation of osteoblasts and matrix formation with mineralization.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.128-133
• /
• 2010

Objective : The secondary verification of Leksell Gamma Knife treatment planning system (LGP) (which is the primary verification system) is extremely important in order to minimize the risk of treatment errors. Although prior methods have been developed to verify maximum dose and treatment time, none have studied maximum dose coordinates and treatment volume. Methods : We simulated the skull shape as an ellipsoid with its center at the junction between the mammillary bodies and the brain stem. The radiation depths of the beamlets emitted from 201 collimators were calculated based on the relationship between this ellipsoid and a single beamlet expressed as a straight line. A computer program was coded to execute the algorithm. A database system was adopted to log the doses for $31{\times}31{\times}31$ or 29,791 matrix points allowing for future queries to be made of the matrix of interest. Results : When we compared the parameters in seven patients, all parameters showed good correlation. The number of matrix points with a dose higher than 30% of the maximal dose was within ${\pm}\;2%$ of LGP. The 50% dose volume, which is generally the target volume, differs maximally by 4.2%. The difference of the maximal dose ranges from 0.7% to 7%. Conclusion : Based on the results, the variable ellipsoid modeling technique or variable ellipsoid modeling technique (VEMT) can be a useful and independent tool to verify the important parameters of LGP and make up for LGP.