• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.189-205
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• 2003

The purpose： This study was to get database of health service for smoking prevention through investigating the state of the students' experience, knowledge and attitude on smoking. Method： The subjects were cosisted of 545 students who were currently enrolled in 3, 4, 5 and 6th grade of 4 primary school in J community. The instruments for this study were Smoking Knowledge and Smoking Attitude questionaire (40 items) developed by WHO(l982). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOY A and Chi- square test with SAS program were used to analyze the data. Result： Among the students 10.8％ answered they had the experience of smoking, while 0.5％ said they are current smokers. The experience of smoking related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to sex, grade and received or not received of smoking exhort. With regard to smokers smoking behavior, first beginning time of smoking was most by 29.8％ preschooler and the first motive of smoking was most by 80.8％ curiosity. The main smoking area is most by 31.1 ％ own house or friend's house. The main purchase route of tobacco appeared by thing which house(father or brother's tobacco) most by 34.9％. Smoking period was most less than 1 day and smoking frequency was most stops while bum sometimes. The amount for a day was less than one cigarette. Smoking time was appeared highest when curiosity occurs. Students' knowledge level about smoking prevention is high comparatively to mean 15.44(±2.66). Smoking prevention knowledge level related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to the grade, academic score and learned or not of smoking prevention. Therefore, was expose that the smoking prevention knowledge level is high in students who results high grade, high academic score level and learned of smoking prevention. Students' attitude level about smoking prevention was high level to mean 55.90(±3.58). Smoking prevention attitude level related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to academy score and received or not of smoking exhort(t＝2.33, p＝.020). Therefore, was expose that the smoking prevention attitude level is high in students who result high academic score level and received of smoking exhort group. Conclusion： It follows from this study that education for smoking prevention should be continued from lower grade students and teaching for refusal skill against smoking is needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide the preliminary data for dietary education to increase students' vegetables intake. Methods: The attitude of vegetables consumption (5-Likert scale), preference score (7-Likert scale) and eating frequency (5-Likert scale) of 9 fragrance vegetables were investigated by survey questionnaire. A total of 370 students enrolled in primary, middle, high schools, and university participated in the study and data were analyzed by the SPSS WIN (ver 12.0). Results: About 40% of those surveyed answered that they do not eat some kinds of foods and 16% of students do not eat vegetables, the most unfavorable foods. The students in all groups (primary $2^{nd}$ and $2^{th}$, middle and high school, university students) answered that they liked vegetables with the highest score in university students, and they did not often eat fragrance vegetables. Lower age student group, especially primary school $2^{nd}$ showed more positive attitudes of eating challenge toward no experience, bad taste, and dislike but nutritious vegetable foods. The most important factor of vegetable preference was taste, the biggest reason of both like and dislike. Only 4 students designated nutrition as for vegetable dislike reason, means that all students knew about the nutritional importance of vegetables. It was shown that the color and flavor of the vegetables act as dislikable reason rather than likable reason. The significant correlations between preference score and intake frequency of fragrance vegetables were confirmed, and the younger the students the greater the correlation coefficient. Conclusions: Thus providing more chance to experience vegetables, such as fragrance vegetables and education about the importance of balanced diet will be an effective way of increasing vegetables intake, and the younger the students the greater the education effect.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2019

In this study, the perceptions on SW education of K-12 students and teachers were surveyed and analyzed. At the primary school level, there was no significant difference in SW attitude based on school location. However, at the secondary level, students from metropolitan areas showed significantly higher SW attitude scores. In the case of gender, male students showed higher SW attitude scores both in primary and secondary schools. With regard to attitude differences based on prior experience of SW education, students with prior experience showed higher attitude scores in SW education in both primary and secondary schools. The awareness survey among teachers showed that both primary and secondary school teachers showed positive responses to SW education. For the successful induction of the SW education at K-12, four factors (participants, curriculum, teaching-learning method, and support from inside and outside of school) were highlighted.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.262-276
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• 2019

Background: The most important thing to strengthen primary care is to prove that the continuity of primary care is an essential area for good health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of outpatient continuity of primary care on the hospitalization experience of diabetes mellitus in new diabetic patients. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service national sample cohort (NHIS-NSC 2011-2015) data, 3,391 new diabetic patients in 2012 were selected for the study. Multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate the effect of outpatient continuity of primary care on hospitalization in new diabetic patients. Results: The outpatient continuity of primary care in new diabetic patients was measured by the continuity of care index, which showed that 69.4% (n=2,352) were high level and 30.6% (n=1,039) were low level. Patients who had high continuity of primary care at the early stage of diabetes diagnosis showed 3.49 times more likely to maintain high continuity of primary care in the second year (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.72-4.49). Patients with low continuity of primary care for 2 years from the initial diagnosis of diabetes were 2.56 times more likely to be hospitalized due to diabetes than those who did not (95% CI, 1.55-4.25). Conclusion: This study identified the need for policies to increase the continuity of primary care for new diabetic patients and could contribute to lowering the admission rate of diabetic patients if the policy for this would work effectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1999-2004
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• 2013

Asian Americans experience disproportionate incidence and mortality rates of certain cancers, compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Primary care physicians are a critical source for cancer screening recommendations and play a significant role in increasing cancer screening of their patients. This study assessed primary care physicians' perceptions of cancer risk in Asians and screening recommendation practices. Primary care physicians practicing in New Jersey and New York City (n=100) completed a 30-question survey on medical practice characteristics, Asian patient communication, cancer screening guidelines, and Asian cancer risk. Liver cancer and stomach cancer were perceived as higher cancer risks among Asian Americans than among the general population, and breast and prostate cancer were perceived as lower risks. Physicians are integral public health liaisons who can be both influential and resourceful toward educating Asian Americans about specific cancer awareness and screening information.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.67-77
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• 2016

Objectives: The study was to propose strategies and directions how to manage the hypertension and diabetes in communities. Methods: The survey data from 606 patients with hypertension or diabetes based on Community Health Survey, 2013 were analyzed and the hypertension and diabetes projects in communities for last 10 years were reviewed. Results: The patients visiting the primary clinics had statistically significant lower rates than those of teaching hospitals in physician's recommendation experience, perception level of attention from doctors, self-efficacy and health habit practice level. Since the Hypertension and diabetes registration and management system in 2007, there have been several trials for management of hypertension and diabetes such as Chronic diseases management system on the primary clinics, Community based primary medical care pilot projects, Post-national health screening management, and Pilot project on reimbursement for chronic diseases care services. Conclusions: The upmost urgent task might be to have a support system for patients' self care affiliated with primary clinics. To achieve it, it is necessary to expand the current Hypertension and diabetes registration and management system into nation and to find a way to attract the active participation from primary clinics.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1981

Health policy is directed to equity in the provision of primary care for rural people before the year of 2, 000. This study aimed to define and identify the need for physician's care by using empirical data, and suggested an alternative of the primary care delivery system in rural areas to the government. 1. Twenty percent of the study population wanted to obtain any form of medical care services. : 9.3 percent of the population was in need for physician's care; 15 percent of the need was met by physicians, while 85 percent remained unmet at the time of survey in 1979. 2. For meeting all the need for physician's primary care, 2.9 annual physician visits per capita are demanded. An alternative, which was devised in some favourable way at reasonable cost in rural settings, was suggested. It was to deploy the physician extender such as community health practitioner in the infrastructure of the health care delivery system, whose supervision is provided by physician, based on experience of the KHDI health demonstration project. 3. One physician, two community health practitioners and two community health aides should be assigned in distant locations for meeting all the estimated need for physician's primary care for 10, 000 rural underserved residents.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.73-84
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose an analysis method that categorizes the Core that essential behaviors in game, the Primary that solves the game problem, and the Secondary that helps the Core and the Primary. The proposed method can analyze the genre similarity and characteristics of the game, the richness of the content, and the proficiency level of the game. case study were conducted to confirm whether the analysis items were consistent with the objective game experience. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in improving game design ability.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.70.4-71
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• 2020

One of the distinctive characteristics of the evolution of binary systems would be mass transfer. Close binary systems experience so-called Case A mass transfer during the main-sequence. We have performed calculations of the evolution of massive Case A (with the initial period 1.5 ~ 4.5 days) binary systems with the initial mass of 10 ~ 20 solar masses and mass ratio 0.5 ~ 0.95 using the MESA code. We find that in some systems, after the first mass transfer, the secondary stars evolve faster than the primary stars and undergo so-called 'reverse' mass transfer. Such phenomena tend to occur in relatively low-mass (initial mass < 16 solar masses) and close (initial period < 3 day) systems. Unless a system enters the common-envelope phase, the primary star would become a single helium star after the secondary star ends its life if the system were unbound by the neutron star kick. We find the various evolutionary implications of the remaining primary stars. In addition to the evolution into the compact single helium star progenitor, there is a possibility that the remaining primary star could evolve into a helium giant star, which could be a promising candidate for Type Ibn supernova progenitor, depending on the core mass. Further, we find that some primary stars satisfy the conditions for the formation of electron-capture supernova progenitor.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.615-622
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of the study is to estimate the dental caries experience and the factors influencing the dental caries in children and adolescents and to provide the data for effective management of oral health in children and adolescents. Methods : Subjects were 446 students randomly recruited in primary, middle, high school students located in Seoul from April 1 to May 31 2011. The data were collected by a questionnaire survey and direct oral examination. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results : DMF in male accounted for 88.8% and that in female accounted for 89.1%. The oral promotion behaviors in female was significantly higher than those in male (p<0.001). Aged (p<0.05) and well-educated parents(p<0.001) tended to have better oral promotion behaviors. The higher oral health knowledge, the better oral health promotion behaviors. Better oral health promotion behaviors tended to have lower DMFT and DT index (p<0.01). In regression analysis, age, oral health promotion behavior in children and adolescents were related to the dental caries experience (p<0.001). Poor oral health promotion behaviors increased the dental caries experience. Conclusions : The active oral health care can prevent dental caries in children and adolescents. The concern for oral health care is important to maintain healthy dental hygiene.