• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

This paper aims to empirically examine the short-run and long-run aggregate demand for the US imports using quarterly economic data for the period 2000-2018 including aggregate imports, final expenditure components, gross fixed capital formation and relative price of imports. According to the results of both multivariate co-integration analysis and error correction model, the above variables are all cointegrated and significant differences are found to exist among the long-run partial elasticities of imports as regards different macro components of final expenditure. Partial elasticities with respect to government expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, exports and relative price of import are found to be positive while imports seems to respond negatively to changes in private consumption, implying that an increase in private consumption could result in a significant reduction in demand for imports in the long run. With regard to the relative import prices, the results appear to indicate a relatively insignificant influence on the aggregate imports in the US in the long run. However, an error correction model designed for predicting the short-term variability shows that only exports have an impact on the imports in the short run.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.3-17
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• 2017

본 논문은 자기회귀시차(ARDL) 모형으로부터 도출된 오차수정모형을 이용하여 8개 제조 산업을 대상으로 수출의 임금탄력도, 수출의 이자율탄력도 그리고 수출의 수입물가지수 탄력도를 추정함으로서 생산요소가격의 변동이 수출성과에 미치는 효과를 산업별로 분석하였다. 실증분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수출의 임금탄력도, 이자율탄력도, 그리고 수입물가지수 탄력도의 부호는 모두 대부분의 제조 산업에서 1%의 통계적 유의 수준에서 기대부호대로 음(-)으로 나타났다. 그리고 자본집약도가 큰 산업일수록 임금탄력도가 작게 나타났으며 다른 한편 해외수입중간재 비중이 높은 산업일수록 수입물가지수 탄력도가 크게 나타나는 경향을 보이고 있다. 따라서 실증분석 결과는 외환위기 이후에 이자율의 하락, 수입물가지수의 증가율 하락, 그리고 실질임금 증가율의 둔화 등으로 나타난 생산요소가격의 하락현상은 제조산업의 수출성과에 지대한 영향을 주었음을 입증하고 있다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1990

The first-best pricing rule which achieves economic efficiency is to equate price with marginal cost. Since public transport demand is derived from some other demand, the user cost as well as the producer cost are considered in its pricing. The optimal price is derived from a derivative of the total social cost with respect to demand. In case of the bus, if there is enough capacity for demand increase, the optimal price is determined by the marginal producer cost resulting from bus sped decrease and by the marginal user cost resulting from journey time increase. Both are caused by boarding and fare collecting time of an additional passenger. Because of the budget constraints, the marginal cost pricing cannot be applied in practice. Then price discrimination as the second-best pricing is introduced. The Ramsey pricing, to charge different prices for different demand elasticities, and nonuniform prices such as travelcards can be applied. However, there is practical difficulty in implementing these prices because of great informational requirements, the costs of administration and the ease to users.

• 한국인구학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2004

도시가구의 인구학적 특성을 감안하여 흡연가구의 미시자료를 활용한 이차형식 준이상 수요 체계를 추정해본 결과 담배수요의 가격탄력성은 -0.52 로 추정되었고 가구소득이 높을수록, 가구주 교육수준이 높을수록, 자녀수가 많을수록 담배수요는 가격에 대하여 비탄력적임이 확인되었다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1983

This paper presents a generalized fuel choice model in which restrictive constraints on cross-price coefficients as Baughman-Joskow-FEA Logit Model need not be imposed, but all demand elasticities are uniquely determined. The model is applied to estimating aggregate energy demand and fuel choices for the residential and commercial sector. The structural equations are estimated by a generalized least squares procedure using national-level EPB, KDI, BK, KRIS, MOER data for 1965 and 1980, and other related reports. The econometric results support the argument that “third-price” and “fourth-price” coefficients should not be constrained in estimating relative market share models. Furthermore, by using this fuel choice model, it has forecasted energy demands by fuel sources in, the residential and commercial sector until 1991. The results are turned out good estimates to compare with existing demands forecasted from other institutes.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

이 연구는 우리 나라에 수입되는 원목의 시장구조를 밝히기 위하여 미국, 뉴질랜드, 칠레로부터 들어오는 온대침엽수원목에 대한 수입수요를 수출국별 원목의 가격과 국내 목재가공업(제재업)의 제품생산량의 함수로 설정하여 수입원목수요함수를 추정하였다. 이 연구는 당해 연도에 수입되는 각 국가별 수입원목량은 당해 연도의 자체원목가격, 대체 원목가격, 그리고 당해 연도의 제품생산량에 의하여 결정된다고 가정하여 모델을 개발하였다. 1981년부터 1997년까지 17년간의 수입원목량과 가격에 관한 통계자료를 이용하여 SURE(Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations)추정 방법으로 미국산, 뉴질랜드산 및 칠레산 소나무원목의 수입수요함수를 추정하였다. 미송원목수입가격에 대한 우리 나라의 미송원목, 뉴송원목 그리고 칠레송원목의 수입수요 탄력성은 각각 -2.88, 1.36, 3.17로 추정되어, 미송원목가격이 미송뿐만 아니라 칠레송원목의 수입량에도 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 뉴송원목 수입가격에 대한 미송원목, 뉴송원목 그리고 칠레송원목의 수입수요 탄력성은 각각 0.71, -1.65, 1.44로 나타나 뉴송가격은 미송원목수입에 크게 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 칠레송원목수입가격에 대한 미송원목, 뉴송원목 그리고 칠레송원목의 수입수요 탄력성은 각각 1.02, 0.88, -3.41로 나타나 칠레송원목수입량은 자체가격에 민감하나 뉴송원목수입량이 칠레송 가격에 그리 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권9호
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 2016

Now we are facing severe environmental issues such as global warming. Due to these, the concerns about eco-friendly energy have been increased. Kyoto protocol and Copenhagen climate change conference are circumstantial evidence of it. With these trends, the interests for the Electric Vehicles(EVs) which do not emit any harmful gases have gradually been raised. Unfortunately, however, massive connection of EVs to the power system could cause negative impacts such as voltage variations, frequency variations and increase of demand power. To prevent the mentioned issues, KEPCO adopts Time-of-Use(ToU) price for EVs charging. Nevertheless, it is important to verify the propriety of the charging system. In this paper, therefore, we used pre-introduced price elasticity concept to predict possible Demand Response(DR) on charging of EVs. And analyzed possible demand power increase according to various price elasticities. Simulation results show that given ToU based charging system would not enough to control the increase of demand power by EVs on the power system. It is concluded, therefore, additional methods and/or algorithms are required.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

This paper is intended to estimate demand for milk using POS data. POS databases were taken from various retail store across the country that account for 5 percent. Own price elasticities are negative and most milk products are statistically significant. Advertising effects are marginal, and statistically significant except flavored milk. Seasonality is apparent from July through september except children's milk.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to measure price elasticities of menu items of a family restaurant, identify differences of price elasticity between subgroups, and provide a comprehensive understanding on price elasticity. 3 menu items of a salad buffet family restaurant in Seoul were selected for analyses, and a questionnaire was developed through literature review and modified after pilot test. The questionnaires for main survey were distributed to 250 customers on their visit to the restaurant, and a total of 139 questionnaires were used for analyses (55.6%). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Win (12.0) for descriptive analyses, t-test, ANOVA, and the main results of this study were as follows. The demands were expected very elastic to the changes in prices of all 3 menu items, and there were significant differences between groups of different company types. In addition, the changes in use were less affected by the changes in menu price when customers were satisfied with each menu item. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that price increases of menu items should be companied by quality improvement of products and services, and differentiated marketing strategy for each segments of customers would be helpful to profitability of the restaurant. Overall, measurement of price elasticity could help to predict customer behaviors on price changes, and give much useful information for managers and marketers of foodservice organizations in development of price strategies.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

This study investigates urban household consumption patterns for clothing items in different income cohorts through the analysis of an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model. Korea quarterly time-series statistics data for urban household expenditures from 1990 to 2013 analyzed household demand. The price and total consumption expenditure elasticities of 4 clothing items (outer wear, shoes, clothing related services and other miscellaneous clothing) for 7 income cohorts were estimated to investigate the clothing consumption patterns of different income cohorts. The study results show that the different household income cohorts have different consumption patterns for clothing items. The elastic demand of total consumption expenditures in the lowest household income cohort suggests that they consume clothing items as luxuries while other households mostly consume them as necessities. The price elasticity for all household income cohorts and clothing items (except the highest household income cohort and outer wear) was found to be elastic. The highest household income cohort had an inelastic price demand for all clothing items that implied a less sensitive clothing consumption change for the clothing price change than other households.