• The Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 1984

Teachers need to provide a variety of learning experiences for pupils in elementary school mathematics. This is necessary due to pupils (a) achieving at diverse levels of accomplishment in the mathematics curriculum. (b) individually possessing different learning styles. The following, among others, can be relevant learning activities to present to pupils: 1. using a selected series of elementary school mathematics textbooks. 2. utilizing the flannel board to guide individual pupil achievement in mathematics. 3. helping pupils attach meaning to learning through the use of markers. 1. guiding pupils in learning by using place value charts. 5. aiding learner achievement through the use of transparencies and the overhead projector. 6. stimulating learner interest in mathematics with the use of selected filmstrips. 7. using graphs in functional situations. 8. helping young pupils to develop interest in numbers by singing songs directly related to ongoing units of study in elementary school mathematics. 9. using the geoboard to help pupils experience the world of geometry. 10. providing drill and practice for pupils so that previous developed learnings will not be forgotten.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.274-286
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• 2003

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the turbulent convective heat transfer of the supercritical carbon dioxide flows in vertical and horizontal square ducts. The gas cooling process at the supercritical state experiences a sudden change in thermodynamic and transport properties. This results in the extraordinary variations of the heat transfer coefficients in the supercritical state, which are much different from those of single or two phase flows. Algebraic second moment closure which can include the effects of large thermophysical property variations of carbon dioxide and of buoyancy is employed to model the Reynolds stresses and turbulent heat fluxes in the governing equations. The previous correlations for the turbulent heat transfer coefficient for the supercritical carbon dioxide flows couldn't reflect the buoyancy effect. The present results are used to establish a new heat transfer coefficient correlation including the effects of large thermophysical property variation and buoyancy on in-duct cooling process of supercritical carbon dioxide.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.339-363
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• 2016

This paper analyzes why the global financial crisis in 2008 severely affected Asia's trade. Asia has been suffering from the falls in export demand from developed countries. However the abrupt trade declines in Asia are not fully explained by reactions to this as in previous experiences. The question is why the financial crisis in 2008 brought about the abrupt and deep collapse in world trade, while other world-wide recessions had more moderate effects on world trade. This paper shows that the dynamic relationship between trade and trade finance is one important factor in explaining this question. This paper also applies the Granger (causality) test to uncover different relationships in the developed and developing economies and show different results for different countries in Asia. We employ a Markov-Switching FAVAR (Factor Augmented VAR) to show that global liquidity shocks are important factors in explaining the huge and abrupt trade drops in Asia.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.139-172
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• 2002

Comtemporary firms need capability of acquiring external knowledge and internalizing it to cope with environmental fluctuation. The paper analyzes the impact of absorptive capacity, an ability to recognize and utilize external knowledge, on knowledge acquisition of the firm, and examines the role of trust in the knowledge acquisition process. Data were collected from 84 domestic companies that had adopted ERP packages. The results indicate that prior experiences of knowledge acquisition, communication mechanism, and conflict resolution mechanism affect knowledge acquisition positively. Among those independent variables, communication mechanism and conflict resolution mechanism significantly and positively related with trust. Trust is, in turn, positively associated with knowledge acquisition. Meanwhile, previous knowledge base and prior relationship with the knowledge provider do not affect knowledge acquisition. Further, the results provide evidence that trust plays a mediating role between other absorptive capacity factors and knowledge acquisition.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.607-614
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• 2012

Purpose: This is a descriptive research that reports incidents of workplace violence among care helpers. Methods: The subjects were 181 care helpers from elderly care facilities and domiciliary elderly welfare centers in Daejeon. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires from July to November 2011. Subjects were asked to report incidents of violence within the previous six months. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Forty-seven percent of care helpers reported verbal violence, 16% reported being physically threatened, more than 21 % reported sustaining a physical injury with 2% reporting severe physical injuries. Further, 18.8% of the care givers reported being sexually harassed by client. There were differences in reported workplace violence based on service types, service hours and whether there were policies about workplace violence. Conclusion: To prevent workplace violence for carehelpers, it is necessary to make a policy for preventing violence and develop a violence prevention program to meet service characteristics of facility-based and domiciliary care helpers.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2003

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand and describe the essence and the structure of lived experience of liver transplant recipient. Five individual interviews were conducted to gather data regarding their subjective experiences. About 130 significant statements were extracted and these were clusterd into 9 themes. End stage liver disease patients chose their last treatment - liver transplantation. After liver transplantation, recipients experience vague anxiety and uneaseness related to much information and life style change that they had to accept. And they feared to lose their health again. But they felt free from medication and restriction of food. And they satisfied with regaining their physical status. Most of the recipients also had financial difficulties and social restrictions. And they experience uncertainty about their future. But they restored their previous social life. And they experience psychological wellbeing and hope. The results of this study might help nurses who work with liver transplant recipient in establishing and implementing an effective nursing intervention by understanding their lived experience.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.936-943
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• 1989

We underwent 21 cases of orthotopic heart transplantation in the mongrel dogs from May, 1988, to April, 1989. The preoperative hematologic and hemodynamic results were similar to those of the previous reports except glucose and albumin. The exposure of operative field was excellent under the median sternotomy. All the cases died within 48 hours and the mean survival time excluding 4 operative deaths was 11.23*9.36 hours [\ulcorner.D., range 0.3-35.5 hours] We speculated the main cause of death was low cardiac output due to the myocardial failure. At autopsy, there was feature of intramyocardial hemorrhage and coagulation necrosis suggesting poor myocardial protection. Now our team is ready to do heart transplantation in man but we need more precise experiences, especially on the immunosuppression and myocardial protection. Recently we continue further experiments with improving results.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

The present study extends previous research in this area by investigating perceptions of change and reactions to reform efforts by pre-service and practicing secondary school mathematics teachers in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States of America. Interviews were used to gather data about school experiences, teaching practices, and planned changes in mathematics programs. Analysis of the interview data supported earlier findings with respect to the well-planned nature of lessons by PRC teachers and the influence of mathematics contents and examination systems in the PRC. Findings also indicated a general agreement among teachers from both countries favoring less lecturing and more discussion and interactive activities. There were contrasts by nationality in descriptions of future teaching, ideal lessons, sources of teaching ideas, and preferences about school mathematics programs.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2016

Decontamination is one of the most important technologies for the decommissioning of NPP. The purpose of decontamination is to reduce the Risk of exposure of the decommissioning workers, and to recycle parts of the plant components. Currently, there is a lack of data on the efficiency of the decontamination technologies for decommissioning. In most cases, the local radiation level can be lowered below a regulatory limitation by decontamination. Therefore, more efficient decontamination technology must be continuously developed. This work describes the practical experiences in the United States and the European countries for NPP decommissioning using these decontamination technologies. When the decommissioning of domestic nuclear power plant is planned and implemented, this work will be helpful as a reference of previous cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.334-345
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• 1997

Reliability-based design approaches are needed for cylindrical shell structure whose design and operational experiences are few and which are subjected to external loads of random loads. In designing new type of structure, it is very difficult to evaluate the safety factors due to lack of previous design data and operational experience. To solve the above mentioned problem, much attention is being focussed on rational reliability based design approaches. This paper deals with weight-optional reliability-based design of cylindrical shell structure subjected to structural reliability constraints taking into account of the effect of local buckling and interactive behavior between local and global buckling. Present mentioned is compared with the exiting optional design method based only on safety factors. Numerical simulation reveals that the present method leads to lighter structure (4% reduction in weight compared to the existing optimal design) with the same reliability index. For larger structures with more number of structural members and possible failure modes, the present W0RBD procedure will be an efficient tool in designing cost-effective rationalized economic design.