• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to contribute to the prevention of dental diseases and health care in the elderly by investigating the relationship among the experiences of chronic diseases, dental health status, and the behaviors in the Korean elderly people. Methods: A total of 2,856 elderly people aged 65 or older were selected as the final analysis subjects using data from the 6th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014). Chronic diseases were defined as 'cardiocerebrovascular diseases', 'diabetes', 'chronic respiratory diseases', and 'cancer' diagnosed by the doctors. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 21.0 for Windows was used. Descriptive analysis and a Chi-square test were conducted to investigate the relationship among the experiences of chronic diseases, general characteristics, dental health status, and the behaviors in the Korean elderly. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship among the experiences of chronic diseases, dental health status, and the behaviors. Results:The prevalence of Cardiocerebrovascular diseases was significantly higher in the 3-4 group of community periodontal index with the score of 1.36 (95% CI 1.03-1.00) than in the 0-2 group. The prevalence of Cardiocerebrovascular diseases was significantly higher in the group without dental examination during the past one year with the score of 1.29 (95% CI 1.00-1.66). The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in the uncomfortable speaking state group with the score 1.46 (95% CI 1.12-1.91). The prevalence of cancer was significantly higher in the partial denture needs group with the score 1.67 (95% CI 0.98-2.83). Conclusions: Regular dental examinations and dental health care for the elderly with chronic diseases showed that periodontal health and residual teeth could be maintained and managed. Therefore, continuous customized dental health services should be implemented for the elderly with chronic diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2017

Background: There have been few studies about pain using a big data. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of pain, and trends of pain associated with chronic diseases and personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures over time. Methods: Subjects were 58,151 individuals, using the Korea Health Panel from 2009 to 2013. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of pain. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to find the trend over these 5 years. Results: Prevalence of mild and severe pain was 28.1% and 1.7% respectively. The ORs of mild and severe pain were 1.6 and 1.4 in females compared with males. From 2009 to 2013, numbers of chronic diseases producing mild pain were 2.1, 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, and 3.1 and those producing severe pain were 3.0, 3.4, 3.9, 4.2, and 4.4, respectively. After applying the average South Korean inflation rate by year over 5 years, the annual, personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures (unit: ￦1,000) for mild pain were 322, 349, 379, 420, and 461, and those for severe pain were 331, 399, 504, 546, and 569, respectively (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The pain prevalence was 29.8%. The numbers of chronic diseases and the personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures revealed increasing trends annually, especially in those with pain. Therefore, to eliminate and alleviate the pain, there needs to be further study for developing a systemic approach.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between health promotion behaviors and chronic disease prevalence of Korean elderly and to provide information for preventing chronic diseases and improving health conditions of the elderly. Methods: A subset of 584 cases in the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for secondary analysis. Chi square test was used to compare chronic diseases prevalence by general characteristics and health promotion behaviors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with chronic diseases. Results: Gender, occupation, subjective health status, smoking, and alcohol drinking have significant association with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Gender-specific health education for the elderly should be implemented at the health center, and opportunities for social participation can be enhanced through job creation for the elderly. Active campaigns on smoking cessation and moderate drinking are needed to prevent and manage chronic diseases of the elderly.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2014

Background: Current trends in Korea population aging with advances in public health and clinical medicine foretell rises in the prevalence of not only chronic diseases but also patients with multimorbidity. One important aspect in analyzing multimorbidity is to define the list of chronic diseases included when calculating multimorbidity index. The objective of this study is to describing the effect of multimorbidity on healthcare cost in Korea using US Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH) list. Methods: We analyzed the Korea Health Panel Data representing non-institutionalized Korean adult populations aged 20 and more. We calculated multimorbidity index based on OASH list and estimated the prevalence and healthcare cost for each OASH chronic disease. Results: In 2011, 15.2 million (39.6%) Koreans aged 20 and more were living with chronic condition. The health care cost due to chronic diseases, accounted for 80.2% of the overall healthcare costs and the prevalence of chronic conditions, the prevalence of multimorbidity and healthcare cost increased with ages. In the analysis using OASH list, 40% of the adult population over the age of 20 and 66.7% of the population over the age of 65 was affected with multimorbidity. In most of diseases in OASH list, prevalence of mulitmorbidity was high and healthcare cost increased with multimorbidity. Conclusion: OASH chronic disease list that accounts for 72.4% of prevalence and 86.7% of healthcare cost of persons with chronic conditions in Korea. OASH chronic disease list would be a useful and representative indicator for studying multimorbidity.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.160-167
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• 2021

This study was conducted to empirically analyze the prevalence and risk of chronic diseases in the family history of chronic diseases using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019. Based on 5,691 people, after controlling for socio-demographic variables that were related to family history of chronic diseases, logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the odds ratio, which was the risk of family history of chronic diseases for the prevalence of chronic diseases. The main results were founded that Odds ratio, which was the risk of chronic diseases in groups with a family history compared to those without a family history, was statistically significant at hypertension(2.623), dyslipidemia(1.868), diabetes(1.964), and arthritis(1.435) when gender, age, income status, education level and residence were controlled. These results suggest that it is not only necessary to develop a standardization tool for family history tests, but also a health and disease management system for members with a family history in terms of preventive medicine in health care. This study is significant in that it proposed a practical plan in terms of health care by controlling variables that affect the prevalence of chronic diseases and empirically identifying the risk of family history of chronic diseases.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.235-249
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to use data from the third year of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to study relationship between oral disease and chronic disease that generally persist from 6 months to over a year, or more specifically, circulatory disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Methods : Of the data from the third year of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 7,893 adults over 19 years old who completed medical examination, health survey, and nutrition survey were selected as the final research subjects. Relationship between chronic disease and oral disease was analyzed by cross tabulation (2-test) and logistic regression analysis using SPSSWIN ver 18.0. Results : 1. Differences in the rate of prevalence of periodontal disease and the rate of prevalence of missing teeth were statistically significant with respect to age, gender, marital status, education level, residential area, income level, and occupation. Rate of prevalence of dental caries was statistically significant with respect to age, education level, and income level. 2. After examining the relationship between existence of chronic disease as diagnosed by doctor with oral disease, rate of prevalence of periodontal disease and missing teeth, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis showed statiscally significant difference. 3. Examination of rate of prevalence of chronic disease with respect to oral disease, periodontal disease and missing teeth exerted statistically significant influence on hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis (p<0.05), while dental caries did not have statistically significant effect. 4. Analysis of coupling effect of periodontal disease and missing teeth on chronic disease showed that they were related in all chronic diseases examined in this study (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis) (p<0.05). Conclusions : Periodontal disease and missing teeth were found to increase the rate of prevalence of chronic disease.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.124-140
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• 2023

Objectives: This study examined the changes in dietary habits, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and mental health problems in the regional areas of the Republic of Korea before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to provide evidence of the status of regional health inequalities. Methods: This study analyzed Korean adults aged 19 or older who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey (n = 686,708) and Consumer Behavior Survey for Foods (n = 19,109) from 2018 to 2020. The participants were classified according to their residence area (Seoul metropolitan area, Metropolitan cities, Provinces); 2018-2019 were defined as before COVID-19, and 2020 as after COVID-19. The dietary behaviors, chronic diseases, and mental health problems were measured using a self-report questionnaire. Results: After COVID-19, the eating-out usage rate in the Seoul metropolitan area and Provinces decreased compared to before COVID-19 (P < 0.001), and when responding that they eat out, the frequency of eating out with household members in the Seoul metropolitan area increased (P = 0.024). The deliveries/takeout usage rate in the Provinces decreased after COVID-19 compared to before (P < 0.001). After COVID-19, the prevalence of obesity decreased in all regions (P < 0.001), and the prevalence of hypertension increased significantly in the Provinces (P = 0.015). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased continuously before and after COVID-19 in all regions (P < 0.002). High-risk subjective stress levels increased significantly in the Seoul metropolitan area (P < 0.001), and sleep duration significantly increased in all regions (P < 0.001). Major depressive disorder was reduced significantly in Metropolitan cities (P = 0.042) and Provinces (P < 0.001). Conclusions: After the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of chronic diseases and mental health problems showed regional differences along with changes in dietary habits. It is necessary to reflect the regional differences in dietary habits in future policies resolving regional health inequalities.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.363-381
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the Korean elderly's dietary intake status, subjective health-related perception and chronic disease prevalence among age groups. Associations of dietary quality with subjective health-related perception and chronic diseases were also examined. Methods: Based on data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 3,231 elderly were selected and categorized into 4 age groups of '65 ~ 69', '70 ~ 74', '75 ~ 79' and 'over 80'. Nutrient intakes, proportions of those with insufficient nutrient intakes, Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), some subjective health-related perceptions and prevalence of major chronic diseases were compared according to the age groups. Differences in the subjective health-related perceptions and odds ratios of the chronic diseases according to the quartile levels of KHEI within the same age group were analyzed. Results: With the increase of age, several nutrient intakes (P < 0.001) and KHEI scores significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In women, activity restriction increased (P < 0.05), and EQ-5D score decreased with age (P < 0.001). Prevalence of hypertension (P < 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.05) and anemia (P < 0.01) significantly increased, while hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.01) significantly decreased only in men. Obesity prevalence decreased, while underweight prevalence increased (P < 0.05). Subjective health status, EQ-5D score and PHQ-9 score significantly improved as KHEI score increased in certain age groups of women (P < 0.05). Odds ratio of hypercholesterolemia significantly increased with the increase of KHEI score in 65 ~ 69-year-old women. However, hypertension and anemia significantly decreased with the increase of KHEI score in 75 ~ 79-year-old women (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings suggest that nutrition management and policy for the Korean elderly need to apply a segmented age standard that can better reflect their dynamic characteristics.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Many findings suggest that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes an enormous burden on patients, health-care professionals and society. COPD contributes to morbidity and mortality and to a significant use of health-care resources. In spite of a higher prevalence of COPD in Korea, the result of COPD treatment is not effective. The purpose of this article was to review recent advances in the study of COPD in Korea with the aim of improving effective management. This review highlights articles pertaining to the following topics; prevalence, assessment of COPD, risk factors for hospitalization, co-morbid diseases, phenotypes, and treatment issues.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.226-229
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• 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had been considered the only major disease that is continuing to increase in prevalence. There were a few studies about the change of the prevalence of COPD, which showed the prevalence of COPD did not increase. In this review, we report on the trends in the prevalence of COPD in Korea using the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The prevalence of COPD in 2015 was 13.4% (male, 21.6%; female, 5.8%). The prevalence of COPD did not change much, which ranged from 13.1% to 14.6% during the period from 2010 to 2015. Among the subjects found to have COPD by spirometry, only 2.8% had been diagnosed as COPD by physicians during the period from 2011 and 2015. In conclusion, the prevalence of COPD did not change significantly during the period from 2010 to 2015. And most COPD patients still had not been diagnosed by physicians and consequently had not been treated appropriately.