• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2A
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• pp.301-310
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• 2006

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CRFP) materials are well suited to the rehabilitation of civil engineering structures due to their corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio and high stiffness to weight ratio. Their application in the field of the rehabilitation of concrete structures is increased due to the vast number of bridges and buildings in need of strengthening. However, RC members, strengthened with externally bonded CFRP plates, happened to collapse before reaching the expected design failure load. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the new strengthening method to overcome the problems of previous bonded strengthening method. This problems can be solved by prestressing the CFRP plate before bonding to the concrete. In this study, a total of 21 specimens of 3.3 m length were tested by the four point bending method after strengthening them with externally bonded CFRP plates. The CFRP plates were bonded without prestress and with various prestress levels ranging from 0.4% to 0.8% of CFRP plate strain. All specimen with end anchorage failed by a plate fracture regardless of the prestress levels while the specimen without end anchorage failed by the separation of the plate from the beam due to premature debonding. The cracking loads was proportionally related to the prestress levels, but the maximum loads of specimens strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates were insignificantly affected by the prestress levels.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

The HBS slab is a method in which a lightweight sieve is installed on top of the psc slab and two ribs of the neighboring psc slab are combined with ribs formed by the site concrete to act as a single member on the same axis. The purpose of this study is to implement the performance comparison with the existing method through the experimental study on the PSC slab method. In this study, the HBS slab was developed as a method to improve the limit of the existing method and the performance comparison with the existing method is tried to verify its superiority. The comparison of the structural performance with the existing method is carried out through the experimental study of the HBS slab, and the structural performance against the bending performance and shear and the bonding performance between the pc beam and the hbs slab are examined and compared with the existing method through the theoretical method.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.617-626
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• 2011

Seven post-tensioned lightweight concrete (LWC) beam specimens were tested under a symmetrical two-point top loading system. The parameters investigated were the amounts of mild longitudinal reinforcement and effective prestressing. The design compressive strength and dry density of the LWC tested were 30 MPa and 1,770 $kg/m^3$, respectively. Similar to post-tensioned normal weight concrete (NWC) beams, the crack propagation and stress increase of the unbonded tendons were significantly affected by the amounts of mild longitudinal reinforcement and effective prestressing. With the increase in the amounts of mild longitudinal reinforcement and effective prestressing, the serviceability and flexural capacity of the beams were enhanced whereas the stress increase in the unbonded tendons decreased. To control the crack width in post-tensioned LWC beams, a minimum amount of mild longitudinal reinforcement specified in ACI 318-08 provision is required. The flexural behavior of post-tensioned LWC beams and stress increase of the unbonded tendons could be rationally predicted by the proposed non-linear two-dimensional analysis. On the other hand, ACI 318-08 flexure provision was too conservative about the post-tensioned LWC beams.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

This research was conducted to analyze the behavior of Single-PTAS (Single Post-Tensioned Approach Slab) under tensioning and environmental loads by performing field tests when the demonstration Single-PTAS was being constructed. The temperature measurement sensors were installed at different depths, and the displacements in the approach slab under environmental loads and tensioning were measured using displacement transducers. As an experimental result, an abrupt change in the longitudinal displacement due to tensioning was not observed. The daily temperature change in the approach slab was negligible where the depth is over about 35cm. The temperature gradient in the approach slab adjacent to bridge was smaller than that adjacent to pavement. The patterns and magnitudes of vertical displacements were directly related to the temperature gradient at the measuring location. The behavior of Single-PTAS was very similar to that of concrete pavement. Therefore, a new design methodology for approach slabs is needed to include the pavement concept and to overcome drawback of current design procedures based on the simple beam concept.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.409-417
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• 2010

This paper discusses a series of experiments including material improvement in order to ensure quality of grouting for the post-tensioned structure. In prestressed concrete, grouting refers to the construction procedure of filling empty space of duct enclosing with strands using cementitious material, To date, adequate quality control of the grouting has not been established in Korea because the relationship between the grouting and durability of post-tensioned structure is not well-recognized. The Korean standard does not consider the important material characteristic, wick effect, which is caused by strands in the ducts and current standard testing method unlikely quantify reasonable material segregation. As a result, the grout material, which meets the current material standards, may exhibit excessive bleeding water or shrinkage during construction. In this study, international codes and standards related to grouting were surveyed. The ratio of constituents and novel admixtures were suggested to meet equivalently with these standards. Performance of this enhanced grout was compared to common domestic grout using the international standard testing method. A series of mock-up specimens considering geometry of PC beam was constructed and grout flow pattern was observed as the grout was injected. It was observed that the grouting performance was highly influenced by material properties and filling characteristic can be varied depending on geometry of ducts.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2001

Two full scale precast pretensioned dapped ended rectangular beams designed by PCI design handbook for a major domestic live load of market and parking building - 500kgf/㎡ and 1,200kgf/㎡ were investigated experimentally. The bottom length of beams was 60cm which was same to the length of rectangular column in the base of five-story market or parking buildings. The height of dap was web hight plus half of the flange height within the allowable limit of PCI method. Shear tests were performed on four beam ends. Followings were obtained from the experimental study. All of the specimens were fully complied with the PCI design handbook. Two of four specimens which were designed for live load of 1,200kgf/㎡ showed crackings at the re-entrant corner of dap before the full service loadings, and failed by direct shear at the load level much less than their calculated nominal strength. The specimens designed for live load of 1,200kgf/㎡ failed at 772 tonf and 78.36tonf by direct shear crackings. This strength was less than PCI limit of 81.9 tonf and higher than ACI limit of 65.62tonf. Thus, the limit suggested by ACI seems more reasonable in regard of safety in view of this test results. According to load-strain curves, the strain of hanger reinforcement reached almost yield strain. It is recommended to use more inclined hanger reinforcement of improve the strength and serviceability.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.347-358
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• 2009

Recently, it is getting into a good situation for the flat-plate slab system to be applied. The flat-plate slab without beam, however, is often too weak to control deflection properly compared to other typical slab-beam structures, for which the post-tension method is generally regarded as one of best solutions. The post-tension (PT) method can effectively control deflection without increase of slab thickness. Despite this good advantage, however, the application of PT method has been very limited due to cost increase, technical problems, and lack of experiences. Therefore, in order to reduce difficulties on applying full PT method under the current domestic circumstances and to enhance constructability of PT system, this research proposed the partial PT method with top jacking anchorage applied in a part of span as need. For the top jacking anchorage system, the efficiency of deflection control shall be considered in detail because it can vary widely depending on the location of anchorage that can be placed anywhere as need, and tensile stresses induced at back of the anchorage zone also shall be examined. Therefore, in this study, analysis were performed on the efficiency of deflection control depending on the location of anchorage and on tensile stresses or forces using finite element method and strut and tie model in the proposed top jacking anchorage system. The proposed jacking system were also applied to the floor slabs at a construction site to investigate its applicability and the analysis results of slab behavior were compared to the measured values obtained from the PT slab constructed by the partial PT method. The result of this study indicates that the partial PT method can be very efficiently applied with little cost increase to control deflection and tensile stresses in the region as a need basis where problem exists.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 2010

A study for the nonlinear analysis method of prestressed concrete(PSC) girders with external tendons is presented. The PSC girders with external tendons show the complex nonlinear behavior due to the slip of external tendons at deviator and the change of eccentricity between the girders and external tendons. The external tendon between anchorage-deviator or deviator-deviator is modeled as an assemblage of the curved elements. The slip effect of the external tendon at deviator is taken into account using the force equilibrium relationship between the friction force and the driving force at each deviator. The finite element model and analysis method of the external tendon suggested herein are integrated in the nonlinear analysis program of segmentally erected PSC frames developed by the authors. The proposed analysis method is verified through the comparison of the analysis and experimental results obtained from other investigators. From the ultimate analysis results of PSC beams with external tendons having different number of deviators, the yielding and ultimate loads of PSC beams found to be increased as the number of deviators are increased. In addition, the ultimate capacity of the PSC beam increases according to the increase of friction coefficient between deviator and external tendon, whereas found to decease over the certain value of friction due to the effect of the moment transmitted to the member by the friction force exerted from the external tendon.