• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2019

This paper presents an experimental study on the structural performance of an innovative ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) deck with coarse aggregate of composite bridge under shear force. Test parameters included curing method and shear span-to-height ratio. Test results indicated that more short fine cracks developed beside the existing cracks due to the randomly dispersed fibers, resulting in re-distributing and homogenizing of the concrete stress beside cracks and allowing for the occurrence of more cracks with small spacing compared to normal strength concrete beams. Curing methods, incorporating steam curing and natural curing, did not have obvious effect on the nominal bending cracking strength and the ultimate strength of the test specimens. Shear reinforcement need not be provided for UHPFRC decks with a fiber volume fraction of 2%. UHPFRC decks showed superior load resistance ability after the appearance of cracks and excellent post-cracking deformability. Lastly, the current shear provisions were evaluated by the test results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.507-519
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• 2020

Double skin composite walls are increasingly popular and have been applied to many safety-related facilities. They come from the concept of composite slabs. Conventional connectors such as shear studs and binding bars were used in previous studies to act as the internal mechanical connectors to lock the external steel faceplates to the concrete core. However, the restraint effects of these connectors were sometimes not strong enough. In this research, a recently proposed unique type of steel truss was employed along the wall height to enhance the composite action between the two materials. Concrete-filled tube columns were used as the boundary elements. Due to the existence of boundary columns, the restraints of steel faceplates to the concrete differ significantly for the walls with different widths. Therefore, there is a need to explore the effect of height-to-width ratio on the structural behavior of the wall. In the test program, three specimens were designed with the height of 3000 mm, the thickness of 150 mm, and different widths, to simulate the real walls in practice. Axial compression was applied by two actuators on the tested walls. The axial behavior of the walls was evaluated based on the analysis of test results. The influences of height-to-width ratio on structural performance were evaluated. Finally, discussion was made on code-based design.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.511-523
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• 2015

Damaged steel-concrete composite girders can be repaired and retrofitted by epoxy-bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to the critical areas of tension flanges. This paper presents the results of a study on the behavior of damaged steel-concrete composite girders repaired with CFRP sheets under static loading. A total of seven composite girders made of I20A steel sections and 80mm-thick by 900mm-wide concrete slabs were prepared and tested. CFRP sheets and prestressed CFRP sheets were used to repair the specimens. The specimens lost the cross-sectional area of their tension flanges with 30%, 50% and 100%. The results showed that CFRP sheets had no significant effect on the yield loads of strengthened composite girders, but had significant effect on the ultimate loads. The yield loads, elastic stiffness, and ultimate bearing capacities of strengthened composite girders had been changed as a result of prestressed CFRP sheets, the utilization ratio of CFRP sheets could be effectively improved by applying prestress to CFRP sheets. Both the yield loads and ultimate bearing capacities had been changed as a result of steel beam's flange damage level and CFRP sheets could cover the girders' shortage of bearing capacity with 30% and 50% flange damage, respectively.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.269-280
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• 1998

최근에 섬유보강 콘크리트와 섬유보강 플라스틱과 같은 복합소재를 기존의 구조부재와 연루하여 적용하고자하는 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 이러한 첨단 복합소재를 적절히 사용하기 위해서는 이들 소재를 구조물 또는 그 일부에 적용할 시에 저항 메카니즘과 파괴양상에 대한 이해가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 특별히 단면이 시멘트 복합소재를 층으로 갖거나 FRP 텐던 등으로 보강된 Bonded 및 Unbonded 프리스트레스트 콘크리트보의 비선형 휨거동을 예측할 수 있는 이론모델을 개발하고자 하였다. 본 모델은 한 개의단면으로 해석하는 Couple Method와 여러 개의 적층으로 나눈 Layered Method의 중간적인 모델이라고 할 수 있는 블록개념(Block Concept)이 적용되었다. 주어진 하중에 대한 처짐을 구하기 위하여 N개의 축력에대한 평형조건과 N개의 휨에 대한 평형조건을 이용하여 보 전체의 2N 개의 변수를 구하였다. 본 모델은 여러 형태로 배근된 Bonded 그리고 Unbonded 프리스트레스트 콘크리트보의 휨 거동을 성공적으로 예측하였다.또한 취성적인 FRP 텐던이 파괴됨에 따른 보의 갑작스런 하중저하 이후의 점진적인 내력증가도 성공적으로 모사하였다. 이는취성적인 FRP텐던으로 보강된 프리스트레스트 보의 전반적인 하중-처짐을 추적하는데 유용하다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2013

연결보를 가진 전단벽 시스템은 벽체의 개별 강성을 합산한 것보다 훨씬 큰 강성을 확보할 수 있기 때문에 효율적인 횡력저항시스템으로서 40층 이하의 중 고층 건물에 널리 적용되고 있다. 일반적으로 사용되는 철근콘크리트 연결보는 철근배근이 복잡해 시공성이 저하되고, 철골연결보의 경우에는 과도한 스티프너의 사용으로 인해 경제성이 저하된다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 철근콘크리트와 철골부재를 합성하여 시공성 및 경제성을 개선하고 단면크기를 줄일 수 있는 불연속웨브가 적용된 프리스트레스트 합성연결보를 개발하였다. 개발한 프리스트레스트 합성 연결보의 구조적인 성능을 검증하기 위해서 전단철근비를 주요 변수로 두 개의 실험체를 제작하여 반복하중실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과는 제안된 연결보의 내진성능을 검증하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2022

In the buildings with long spans and high floors, such as logistics warehouses and semiconductor factories, it is difficult to install supporting posts under beams during construction. Therefore, the size of structural members becomes larger inevitably, resulting in a significant increase in construction costs. Accordingly, a prestressed hybrid wide flange (PHWF) beam with hollowed steel webs was developed, which can reduce construction costs by making multiple openings in the web of the steel member embedded in concrete. However, since multiple openings exist and prestress is introduced only into the bottom flange concrete, it is necessary to identify the shear resistance mechanism of the PHWF beam. This study presents experimental shear tests of PHWF beams with hollowed steel webs. Four PHWF beams with cast-in-place (CIP) concrete were fabricated, with key variables being the width and spacing of the steel webs embedded in the concrete and the presence of shear reinforcing bars, and web-shear tests were conducted. The shear behavior of the PHWF beam, including crack patterns, strain behavior of steel webs, and composite action between the prestressed bottom flange and CIP concrete, were measured and analyzed comprehensively. The test results showed that the steel web resists external shear forces through shear deformation when its width is sufficiently large, but as its width decreased, it exerted its shear contribution through normal deformation in a manner similar to that of shear reinforcing bars. In addition, it was found that stirrups placed on the cross section where the steel web does not exist contribute to improving the shear strength and deformation capacity of the member. Based on the shear behavior of the specimens, a straightforward calculation method was proposed to estimate the web-shear strength of PHWF beams with CIP concrete, and it provided a good estimation of the shear strength of PHWF beams, more accurate than the existing code equations.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2015

There are many studies on the optimization of steel trusses in literature; and, a large number of them include a shape optimization. However, only a few of these studies are focused on the prestressed steel trusses. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the amounts of the material and cost savings in steel plane trusses in the case of prestressing. A parallel-chord simply supported steel truss is handled as an example to evaluate the used approach. It is considered that prestressing tendon is settled under the bottom bar, between two end supports, using deviators. Cross-sections of the truss members and height of the truss are taken as the design variables. The prestress losses are calculated in two steps as instantaneous losses and time-dependent losses. Tension increment in prestressing tendon due to the external loads is also considered. A computer program based on genetic algorithm is developed to solve the optimization problem. The handled truss is optimized for different span lengths and different tendon eccentricities using the coded program. The effects of span length and eccentricity of tendon on prestressed truss optimization are investigated. The results of different solutions are compared with each other and those of the non-prestressed solution. It is concluded that the amounts of the material and the cost of a steel plane truss can be reduced up to 19.9% and 14.6%, respectively, by applying prestressing.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2021

Hollow structural section (HSS) columns have been increasingly popular due to their structural and architectural merits. However, practical difficulty lies in developing proper connections. The through-diaphragm connections are considered as suitable connection type that is widely adopted in Asian countries. However, the stress concentration occurs at the location connecting through-diaphragm and steel beam. Furthermore, the actual load path from the beam flange is not uniformly transferred to the HSS column as conventionally assumed. In this paper, tensile tests were further conducted on three additional specimens with beam flange plate to evaluate the load versus displacement response. The load-displacement curves, yield and ultimate capacity, ductility ratio were obtained. Furthermore, the strain development at different loading levels was discussed comprehensively. It is shown that the studied connection configuration significantly reduces the stress concentration. Meanwhile, simplified trilinear load-displacement analytical model for specimen under tensile load was presented. Good agreement was found between the theoretical and experimental results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

This paper presents a full-scale experimental test to investigate the flexural behavior of an innovative dovetail ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) joint designed for the 5^th Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. The test specimen had a dimension of 3600 × 1600 × 170 mm, in accordance with the real bridge. The failure mode, crack pattern and structural response were presented. The ductility and stiffness degradation of the tested specimens were explicitly discussed. Test results indicated that different from conventional reinforced concrete slabs, well-distributed cracks with small spacing were observed for UHPC joint slabs at failure. The average nominal flexural cracking strength of the test specimens was 7.7 MPa, signifying good crack resistance of the proposed dovetail UHPC joint. It is recommended that high grade reinforcement be cooperatively used to take full advantage of the superior mechanical property of UHPC. A new ductility index, expressed by dividing the ultimate deflection by flexural cracking deflection, was introduced to evaluate the post-cracking ductility capacity. Finally, a strut-and-tie (STM) model was developed to predict the ultimate strength of the proposed UHPC joint.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1990

오늘날 프리스트레스트 콘크리트(PC) 합성보의 설계는 단면을 가정한 다음 프리스트레스 크가와 편심거리(偏心距離)를 구하는 일로 이루어 진다. 이러한 설계방법(設計方法)으로는 PC보와 철근큰크리트 슬래브로 형성(形成)된 합성단면(合成斷面)의 특성(特性)이 설계(設計)에 반영되지 못하므로 이를 반영(反映)하기 위해서는 반복설계(反復設計)를 거쳐야 한다. 이와 같은 반복설계는 시간과 인력을 요(要)하므로 비(非) 경제적(經濟的)인 설계방법이 된다. 따라서 반복설계를 피하고 직접(直接) 설계(設計)할 수 있는 개선(改善)된 설계방법의 개발(開發)이 요망(要望)된다. 이 연구(硏究)에서는 비합성단면(非合成斷面)을 직접(直接) 설계(設計)할 수 있듯이 합성단면(合成斷面)도 직접 설계할 수 있도록 개선된 설계 방법을 제안(提案)하였다. 제안(提案)된 설계방법(設計方法)을 쉽게 활용(活用)할 수 있도록 설계예(設計例)를 제시(提示)하였으며 제안된 설계방법의 신뢰성(信賴性)을 규명(糾明)하기 위해 제시된 설계예의 설계조건(設計條件)을 기(旣) 발표된 Hatcher논문의 설계조건과 동일(同一)하게 하여 설계결과(設計結果)를 비교하였다. 그 결과(結果) 이 논문에서 제안(提案)한 설계방법(設計方法)에 따른 설계결과와 Hatcher 논문의 설계결과가 잘 일치(一致)함을 확인할 수 있었다.