• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

Mg hydride has a high hydrogen capacity (7.6%), at high temperature, and is a lightweight and low cost material, thus it a promising hydrogen storage material. However, its high operation temperature and very slow reaction kinetics are obstacles to practical application. In order to overcome these disadvantages of Mg hydride, graphene powder was added to it. The addition of graphene has been shown to reduce the operating temperature of dehydrogenation. Moreover, in this report the environmental aspects of $MgH_x$-Graphene composites are investigated by means of the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method. $MgH_x$-Graphene mixture was prepared by hydrogen induced mechanical alloy (HIMA). The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD(X-ray Diffraction). The hydrogenation behaviors were evaluated by using a Sievert's type automatic PCT apparatus. Such evaluation of Materials also conducted in the LCA. From the result of P-C-T(Pressure-Composition-Temperature) curves, the $MgH_x$-3wt.% graphene composite was evaluated as having a 5.86wt.% maximum hydrogen storage capacity, at 523K. From absorption kinetic testing, the $MgH_x$-7wt.% graphene composite was evaluated as having a maximum 6.94wt.%/ms hydrogen absorption rate, at 573K. Environment evaluation results for the $MgH_x$-graphene composites and other materials indicated environmental impact from the electric power used and from the materials themselves.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은170dB 이상의 고충격 소음원에서 실내 충격소음을 측정 평가 할 수 있는 측정시스템 구축 방법을 제안하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 실내충격소음 측정시스템용 시험장을 설계 및 구현하고, 충격소음 측정용 마이크로폰, Head & Torso Simulator, Ear Simulator를 구성하였다. 충격소음 측정 시 정확한 측정을 위하여 3가지 측정방법을 동시에 측정할 수 있도록 구현하였으며, 정확성과 신뢰성을 위하여 3가지의 실내충격소음 측정값을 상호 비교하였다. 3가지 측정방법에 따른 최대 음압레벨과 옥타브 밴드 결과를 비교 분석함으로써 실내 충격소음의 주파수 특성에 따른 차이점을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 반사파의 영향에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 이에, 시험장의 크기를 변형하면서 측정할 수 있도록 실내 충격소음 측정시스템을 구현하였다. 본 시스템 구현을 통하여, 충격 소음원의 특징분석과 해당 주파수별 스펙트럼의 반사파 영향들을 파악할 수 있을 것이며, 향후, 실내 충격소음에 대한 데이터 획득 및 분석을 위하여 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
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• pp.72-77
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• 2010

The Incheon Bridge, which was opened to the traffic in October 2009, is an 18.4 km long sea-crossing bridge connecting the Incheon International Airport with the expressway networks around the Seoul metropolitan area by way of Songdo District of Incheon City. This bridge is an integration of several special featured bridges and the major part of the bridge consists of cable-stayed spans. This marine cable-stayed bridge has a main span of 800 m wide to cross the vessel navigation channel in and out of the Incheon Port. In waterways where ship collision is anticipated, bridges shall be designed to resist ship impact forces, and/or, adequately protected by ship impact protection (SIP) systems. For the Incheon Bridge, large diameter circular dolphins as SIP were made at 44 locations of the both side of the main span around the piers of the cable-stayed bridge span. This world's largest dolphin-type SIP system protects the bridge against the collision with 100,000 DWT tanker navigating the channel with speed of 10 knots. Diameter of the dolphin is up to 25 m. Vessel collision risk was assessed by probability based analysis with AASHTO Method-II. The annual frequency of bridge collapse through the risk analysis for 71,370 cases of the impact scenario was less than $0.5{\times}10^{-4}$ and satisfies design requirements. The dolphin is the circular sheet pile structure filled with crushed rock and closed at the top with a robust concrete cap. The structural design was performed with numerical analyses of which constitutional model was verified by the physical model experiment using the geo-centrifugal testing equipment. 3D non-linear finite element models were used to analyze the structural response and energy-dissipating capability of dolphins which were deeply embedded in the seabed. The dolphin structure secures external stability and internal stability for ordinary loads such as wave and current pressure. Considering failure mechanism, stability assessment was performed for the strength limit state and service limit state of the dolphins. The friction angle of the crushed stone as a filling material was reduced to $38^{\circ}$ considering the possibility of contracting behavior as the impact.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2011

동착강도는 동토지반 말뚝기초 설계시 지지력을 결정하는 주요 설계정수이다. 동착강도는 동결온도, 구속응력, 말뚝표면 특성, 토사종류 등 다양한 인자들에 의해 동시다발적인 영향을 받는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 하지만 동착강도에 대한 연구는 소수의 인자들만 반영할 수 있는 실험연구를 중심으로 수행되어온 경향이 있으며, 설계정수로서 동착강도를 산정하기 위한 방법들은 동결온도, 말뚝재료 등의 주요 인자들만을 고려할 수 있는 한계가 있어 왔다. 본 연구는 인공신경망 이론을 동착강도 산정에 활용함으로서 다양한 영향인자 조건에서 동착강도를 예측할 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 인공신경망 학습을 위하여 총 5종류의 연구사례로부터 137개의 자료를 수집하였으며, 그 중 100개를 학습자료로, 37개를 실증자료로 구분하였다. 연구결과 단계적 인공신경망 학습을 통하여 동착강도 산정 시 다양한 영향인지를 다차원적으로 고려하여 예측하는 방법이 병행되어야 할 필요성을 확인하였으며, 5개 영향인자를 동시에 고려하여 동착강도를 예측할 수 있는 신뢰성 높은 학습결과를 도출 및 검증하였다. 또한, 매개변수 연구결과 동착강도는 동결온도와 말뚝재료의 변화에 가장 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났고 수직응력에 의한 영향은 일부 온도구간에서만 뚜렷하게 나타나며 토사종류와 재하속도의 변화에 따라 동착강도가 증가하는 경향이 변화하는 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 1990년도 제2차 학술발표초록집
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• pp.36-37
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• 1990

In the past, facile dissolution of cellulose has been hampered by the lack of suitable nondegrading solvents. Recently, this problem has been solved in our laboratory by the discovery of an inexpensive, convenient solvent system, that is the mixture of $NH_3\;and\;NH_4SCN$, for cellulose. Also, the $cellulose/NH_3/NH_4SCN$ solution system has been found to form the anisotropic, i.e., liquid crystalline phase. It is believed that both the cholesterio and the nematic phase occur. This finding has prompted extensive on-going researoh on the formation of the liquid crystalline phase from an inexpensive natural source such as cellulose since the nematic phase is envisioned as an excellent precursor sources for products with desirable properties, for example, high modulus and high strength. This interest naturally leads to a desire to understand the theological properties of the nematic phase so that the transformation of the nematic phase to the solid state with desirable properties can be efficiently accomplished, ;From this point of view, the theological behavior of the $cellulose/NH3_/NH_4SCN$ system has been studied as a function of shear rate and shear stress over a wide range of solvent compositions, cellulose concentration, centrifugation and urea contents, Results indicate that the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. A marked shear thinning behavior and a quasi-Newtonian behavior were observed in the low shear rate region and in the high shear rate region, respectively for all solvent compositions. The $cellulose/NH_3/NH_4SCN$ solution system only exhibited the viscosity increase with increasing cellulose concentration and failed to show the viscosity drop generally observed at the point of incipience of liquid crystal formation, This may be due to the gel-like nature of the solution by the association of the rodlike molecules into bundles which may serve as crosslinking points giving the cellulose solution a network structure. Also, simply hydrogen bonding may be so restrictive of molecular mobility that a viscosity drop is blocked. In addition to the above results, yield stress and thixotropy were also observed in the $cellulose/NH_3/NB_4SCN$ solution system which are characteristics of liquid crystal and gel, The results of the effect of centrifugation on viscosity show that viscosity decreases by the application of centrifugation. This may be explained by the change of the piled polydomain structure to the dispersed polydomain structure due to the pressure gradient generated during centrifugation.ation.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

다양한 탄성파 시험으로부터 획득할 수 있는 전단파속도($V_S$)는 주로 지진공학 분야에서의 내진 설계 및 내진 성능 평가를 위한 대표적 지반 동적 특성으로 강조되어 왔다. 일반적인 지반공학적 부지 조사 기법의 지반지진공학적 활용을 목적으로, 표준관입 시험(SPT)과 피에조콘관입시험(CPTu)을 국내 여러 부지들을 대상으로 다양한 시추공 탄성파시험과 함께 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 현장시험 자료들의 통계학적 모델링을 통해 전단파속도와 표준관입시험의 타격수(N 값)및 선단저항력($q_t$), 주면마찰력($f_s$)과 간극수압계수($B_q$)로 구성되는 피에조콘관입 자료 간의 상관관계를 도출하고 전단파속도 결정을 위한 경험적 방법으로 제안하였다. 비록 일반적인 지반공학적 관입시험과 시추공 탄성파시험의 대상 변형률 수준이 상이하다 할지라도, 본 연구에서 제안된 상관관계들은 국내 토사 지층의 예비적 전단파속도 산정에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

회분식 축합반응에 의하여 폴리에스터 수지를 제조하는 중 소규모 화학 공장에 대하여 공정안전관리제도 (PSM)의 시행에 활용되는 위험성평가 방법들 중의 하나인 K-PSR 기법을 이용하여 위험성 평가 및 분석을 진행하였다. K-PSR 기법은 중 소규모 화학공장에 대한 위험성 재평가 시에 나타나는 인프라 부족에 의한 어려운 점을 보완하기 위하여 KOSHA에서 개발한 위험성 평가 기법이다. K-PSR 기법을 적용하기 위하여 선택된 화학 공장의 전체 공정을 축합반응공정과 희석/여과 공정의 2 개의 검토구간을 설정하고, 이에 대한 4가지 가이드워드(누출, 화재 폭발, 공정 트러블, 및 상해)를 기초로 하여 공정상의 잠재위험을 찾아내어 분류하였다. 연구의 결과로서, 위험도 등급을 고려한 안전조치로는 첫째, 누출 및 화재 폭발의 잠재 위험성을 예방하기 위한 구체적인 조치로서는 노후설비에 대한 비파괴 검사 및 전기설비의 LOTO 절차서의 마련이 반드시 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 열매체 공급 배관에는 압력계 및 온도계를 설치하여 공정 트러블을 최소화하고, 마지막으로 국소배기장치를 설치하여 잠재적인 상해를 예방해야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the flexural strength of provisional fixed dental prostheses which was three-dimensional (3D) printed by several build directions. Materials and Methods: A metal jig with two abutment teeth and pontic space in the middle was fabricated. This jig was scanned with a desktop scanner and provisional restoration was designed on dental computer-aided design program. On the preprocessing software, the build angles of the restorations were arranged at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ and support was added and resultant structure was sliced to a thickness of $100{\mu}m$. Processed restorations were printed with digital light processing type 3D printer using poly methyl meta acrylate-based resin. After washing and post-curing, compressive loading was applied at a speed of 1 mm/min on a metal jig fixed to a universal testing machine. The maximum pressure at which fracture occurred was measured. For the statistical analysis, build direction was set as the independent variable and fracture strength as the dependent variable. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc analysis was conducted to compare fracture strength among groups (${\alpha}=0.05$). Result: The mean flexural strength of provisional restoration 3D printed with the build direction of $0^{\circ}$ was $1,053{\pm}168N$; it was $1,183{\pm}188N$ at $30^{\circ}$, $1,178{\pm}81N$ at $45^{\circ}$, $1,166{\pm}133N$ at $60^{\circ}$, and $949{\pm}170N$ at $90^{\circ}$. The group with a build direction of $90^{\circ}$ showed significantly lower flexural strength than other groups (P<0.05). The flexural strength was significantly higher when the build direction was $30^{\circ}$ than when it was $90^{\circ}$ (P<0.01). Conclusion: Among the build directions $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ set for 3D printing of fixed dental prosthesis, an orientation of $30^{\circ}$ is recommended as an effective build direction for 3D printing.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.519-532
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of shelling ratio and resin content on the properties of bamboo oriented strand board (BOSB) from betung (Dendrocalamus asper) and to determine the correlation between the results of dynamic and static bending tests. Strands were steam-treated at $126^{\circ}C$ for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure and followed by washing with 1% NaOH solution. Three-layer BOSB with the core layer perpendicular to the surface was formed with shelling ratios (face:core ratio) of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and binded with 7% and 8% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with the addition of 1% of wax. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of BOSB was conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908:2003 standard and the results were compared with CSA 0437.0 standard for commercial OSB (Grade O-1). Non-destructive testing was conducted using Metriguard Model 239A Stress Wave Timer which has a wave propagation time from 1 to $9,999{\mu}s$ and a resolution of $1{\mu}s$. BOSB with 8% resin content showed better physical and mechanical properties than those with 7% resin content. The increase of the face layer ratio improved the strength of BOSB in parallel direction to the grain. The results suggested that shelling ratio of 50:50 could be used as a simple way to reduce PF resin requirements from 8% to 7% and to meet the requirements of CSA 0437.0 standard. The results of non-destructive and destructive tests showed a strong correlation, suggesting that non-destructive test can be used to estimate the bending properties of BOSB.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2018

버켓기초(bucket foundation)는 해상 구조물 지지를 위해 사용되는 구조물로 간편하고 빠르게 지반에 설치할 수 있어 종래의 기초를 대체하여 해양에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 버켓기초는 기초 자중과 버켓 내부의 물을 외부로 배출시킴으로써 발생하는 내외부 압력차를 이용해 설치된다. 버켓기초가 모래지반과 같이 투수성이 높은 지반에 설치될 경우에는 석션압에 의해 버켓 외부지반에서 내부방향으로 침투수류(seepage flow)가 형성된다. 석션압에 의해 발생하는 상향의 침투수류는 내부지반의 유효응력을 감소시켜 버켓기초의 관입저항력을 낮추는 역할을 하지만 내부지반이 연약해 지고융기(heaving)되는 현상이 발생할 수 있다. 이는 버켓기초가 목표 깊이까지 설치되는 것을 저해하고 장기거동에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 하지만 현재까지도 이에 대한 연구가 미진한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 축소모형실험을 통해 버켓기초 설치 중 발생하는 석션압과 지반 교란현상을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 이를 위해 버켓기초의 선단부 두께, 관입속도와 자중이 각각 석션설치 및 지반교란에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 확인하고 교란된 지반의 물성을 추정하였다.