• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

위암은 치료에 있어서 조기 발견을 통한 수술 등에 의해서 치료율이 향상되었지만 조기 위암을 제외하고는 치료성적이 정체되고 있는 실정이다. 진단 당시 아직도 많은 환자들이 처음부터 수술이 어렵거나 수술이 가능하더라도 치료 후에 재발 등으로 인하여 예후가 좋지 않다. 이를 볼 때 위암의 치료에 수술 이외의 부가적인 치료가 필요하다고 보고 치료율 향상을 위한 많은 시도가 시행되어 왔다. 특히 다른 고형 암에서의 좋은 결과와 수술 전 항암 화학요법 치료의 이론적인 잇점으로 인하여 많은 기대를 가지게 하였으나 현재까지의 연구 결과 만을 볼 때는 그리 희망적이지 않다. 기존의 대부분의 연구가 2상 연구로 의미있는 결과를 유추하는데 문제점이 있고 3상 연구로 발표된 몇몇 연구는 드물기도 하지만 이를 수술 전 항암 항암화학 요법의 효과로 받아들이는 데는 문제가 많다. 순수하게 수술 전 항암 화학 요법 치료를 한 연구에서는 오히려 기대와 상반된 결과를 보이고 있다. 그러므로 현재까지의 연구 결과를 가지고 판단한다면 수술 전 항암 화학 요법의 치료는 임상 시험 범주 내에서 시행되어야 하며 임상에서 환자에게 권할 수 있는 하나의 표준 치료가 되기 위해서는 좀 더 연구가 필요하다. 현재까지의 비관적인 결과는 약제의 선택에 있어서 문제가 있으며 추후 신약 등을 포함한 약제를 이용한 연구가 필요한 실정이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1995

Purpose : To assess the efficacy and toxicity of the preoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer Methods : Forty three patients (clinically diagnosed stages above or equal to Astler-Coiler stage B2 without distant metastasis) were assigned to preoperative radiotherapy alone arm (n=16) or combined preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy arm (n=27). Preoperative radiotherapy of 4500 cGy to whole pel-vis +/-540 cGy boost to primary site and concurrent chemotherapy of 2 cycles of 5-FU (500 mg/$m^2$) and leucovorin (20 mg/$m^2$) were used. Fifteen patients of preoperative radiotherapy alone arm and 19 of combined arm received surgical resection after preoperative treatment. Results : During the preoperative treatment, no significant complication was developed in both groups. Pathologic results were as follows; complete remission 1, Bl 1, B2 6, C1 2, C2, 5 in preoperative radiotherapy alone arm and complete remission 2, Bl 8, B2 4, C2 3, D 2 in combined arm. Postoperative complications were delayed perineal wound healing in three patients, intestinal obstruction in three patients (one managed by conservative medical treatment, two by surgical treatment). Conclusion : The combined preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy arm was more effective in pathological response and lymph node negativity rate than the preoperative radiotherapy alone arm. Both the preoperative radiotherapy alone arm and the combined arm were generally well tolerated and did not result in an increased postoperative morbidity.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2009

목적: 최근들어 근치적 절제가 어려운 위암을 대상으로 수술 전 항암요법(preoperative chemotherapy)이 병기를 낮추어 완전 절제율을 높일 수 있다는 연구가 보고되고 있으나, 항암요법이 수술에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 부족하여 본원의 경험을 조사하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 12월부터 2009년 1월까지 동일한 항암요법을 시행 받은 후 위 절제술을 시행한 46명을 대상으로 수술 전 전신 상태, 수술 소견 및 수술 후 임상 경과등을 분석하였다. 결과: 항암요법은 평균 4.4회가 시행되었고, 각각 4명의 환자들에서 절대 호중구 수치(absolute neutrophil count)가 1,500(${\mu}/L$) 이하로 떨어지거나 10% 이상의 체중 감소를 보였다. 29명은 수술 중 종양과 주위 장기와의 유착 또는 단단하게 고정된 소견을 보였으며, 근치적 목적의 병할 절제를 시행한 13명의 환자 중 4명만이 병리학적으로 타 장기 침범이 관찰 되었다. 근치적 위 절제술은 41명, 수술 후 합병증은 10명에서 발생하였으며, 수술 후 60일 내 사망은 없었다. 결론: 항암요법이 수술 전 환자에 미치는 영향은 적을 것으로 생각되며, 타 장기 침범 소견으로 병합절제를 시행한 상당수에서 종양이 없었던 것은 일부 항암 효과가 작용한 것으로 생각한다. 더불어 항암 요법 자체가 수술 후 합병증 발생률을 높이는 것으로 생각되지 않는다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.536-541
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• 1996

Between June 1988 and June 1994, twenty five patients with locAlly advanced esophageal carcinoma received preoperative chemotherapy (Cisplatln, 5-Fluorouracil with or without Etoposide) and followed by resection. All patients had clinical evidence of airway involvement or distant Iymphnode involve- ment (M 1 Iymphnode) on bronchoscopy or computed tomographic scans. The major response rate to chemotherapy decided by the postoperative stage was 48% (12125). The resection rate was 92% (23/25) with overall complete resection rate of 72% (18125). Two patients had exploratory laparotomy (thorn- cotomy) only. Thirteen patients had esophagogastrostomy with a combined abdominl and Rt. thoracic approach (Ivor Lewis operation), slx pAtients had transhiatal esophagectomy, four patients had esophagogastrostomy with a combined Rt. thoracotonly & abdominal, cervical approach. There were three postoperative deaths (12%). Follow-up duration was between 3.3 months to 65 months. Median survival ime of resected patients except hospital death was 14.8 months. Actuarial survival at 12, 24 months was 72.9%, 26.2%. Signifi- cant better survival was associated with responder group (postoperative stage less than lIB) (P=0.029). These results demonstrate that 1) Preoperative Cisplatin based combined chemotherapy Produce high response rate, 2) High complete resection rate with acceptable mortality rate occur after preoperative chemotherapy, 3) Better surviL dl can be anticipated if complete resection performed after major re- sponse to preoperative chemotherapy.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구는 수술 전 항암 약물 치료가 전이가 없는 골육종 환자의 생존율과 전이에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1984년부터 2010년까지 사지에 발생한, 전이가 없는 원발성 골육종으로 수술적 절제술과 수술 후 항암 약물 치료를 시행한 30세 미만의 환자 225명을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 평균 연령은 14.4세, 평균 추시기간은 9.1년이었다. 수술 후에만 항암 약물 치료를 시행한 군과 수술 전, 후 약물 치료를 시행했던 두군의 임상적 특성과 생존율을 비교하였다. 결과: 전체 225예 중 수술 후 약물 치료 군은 32예, 수술 전후 약물 치료 군은 193예였다. 수술 후 약물 치료 군은 절단 수술과(p<0.001), 전이의 빈도가 유의하게(p=0.004) 높았으며, 전이 발생시기도 빨랐다. 수술 후 약물 치료 군에서는 5년 생존율 51%로 수술 전후 약물 치료 군의 84%보다 낮았다(p=0.001). 국소재발은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 사지에 발생한 골육종 환자에서 수술 전 항암 약물 치료는 전이의 억제와 생존율 향상에 도움이 된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

Gastroesophageal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Despite significant developments in management, 5-year survival in the developing world is less than 20 percent. Due to restricted research about the impact of preoperative chemotherapy (POC) on tumor resection, pathological response and postoperative complications in Iran, we designed and implemented the present retrospective cross- sectional study on 156 patients with gastroesophageal cancer (GEc) between 2013 and 2015 at Shariati Hospital of Tehran. Two groups were included, the first group had previously received preoperative chemotherapy and the second group had only undergone surgery. All patients were followed for at least one year after the operation in terms of tumor recurrence, relapse free survival and one-year survival. The two groups were eventually compared regarding tumor resection, pathological response, postoperative complications, recurrence rate and survival. The mean age was $66.5{\pm}7.3years$ and 78 percent were male. The tumor resectability, pathological response and postoperative complications in the group which received POC were 93.5%, 21.8% and 12.8%, respectively, and in the surgery alone group figures for tumor resection and postoperative complications were 76% and 29.5%, respectively. Also based on our study the 5-year survival in the POC group was better (79.5% vs. 66.5%). Using standard neoadjuvant regimens (preoperative chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy) beforesurgery could increase tumor resectability, pathological response, and improve the general status of the patients. Therefore using POC may be recommended over surgery alone.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3323-3326
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• 2014

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Jamaican women. Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is associated with aggressive biology and poor prognosis, and has a predilection for African-American women. In this retrospective review, we assessed the prevalence of LABC as a breast cancer presentation in a population of mainly Afro-centric ethnicity, and determined disease characteristics and response to pre-operative chemotherapy. LABC was prevalent (20%), and had a low pathological response rate to pre-operative chemotherapy, with a high risk of disease recurrence. Increased utilization of breast cancer screening may help detect cancer at less advanced stages, and optimizing pre-operative chemotherapy is recommended to improve response rates and ultimately survival.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment result of surgical resection after preoperative chemotherapy in inoperable gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 18 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastric resection after preoperative chemotherapy because they showed some clinical response to chemotherapy (15 with distant metastasis and 3 with locally advanced lesions). The mean postoperative follow-up period was $15.3\pm15.5$ ($1\∼56$) months. Results: In 15 patients with distant metastasis, 2 ($13.3\%$) showed complete response (CR), 10 ($66.7\%$) partial response (PR), 2 ($13.3\%$) stable disease (SD), and 1 ($6.7\%$) progressive disease (PD). The clinical response rate was $80.0\%$ Five subtotal gastrectomies, 4 total gastrectomies, and 6 extended total gastrectomies were performed. Two cases of CR were alive without recurrence for 4 and 26 months, respectively. Mean survival period in PR case was 37.7 months, but 2 cases of SD and 1 case of PD died after 11.7, 17.9, and 0.9 months, respectively. Postoperative survival was significantly associated with the response to chemotherapy (P<0.01). The mean survival period of the 10 patients with a complete resection was 44.1 months, which was significantly better than that of the 5 patients with an incomplete resection (9.8 months, P=0.03). Among 3 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, 2 cases showed PR to chemotherapy, and complete resection was possible only by gastrectomy for those patients. Conclusion: In some selected cases, surgical resection was achievable after preoperative chemotherapy for patients with inoperable metastatic or locally advanced gastric cancer.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2001

In hepatoblastoma, encouraging cure rates have been achieved with recent advances in chemotherapy and surgical techniques, The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of combined therapeutic modalities and surgical resection in hepatoblastoma. Fifteen cases of hepatoblastoma were treated from January 1993 to August 2000. Six patients had resectable tumors at initial diagnosis. All underwent surgical resection and in four patients postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was needed. Nine out of 15 patients had unresectbale tumors at initial diagnosis, and preoperative chemotherapy was applied. There was one operative mortality and 14 patients showed good prognosis after surgery. Although various treatment modalities should be combined for the unresectable hepatoblastoma. surgical resection remains the major curative procedure.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2022

Purpose: Nutritional problems after gastrectomy affect continuation of postoperative chemotherapy. There have been no studies limited to total gastrectomy, which is particularly prone to nutritional problems. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors that predict the continuation of postoperative chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We included 101 patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy at Hiroshima Memorial Hospital. The effects of 37 factors, including perioperative inflammatory, nutritional, and tumor status, on the persistence of postoperative chemotherapy were analyzed. Results: In univariate analysis of preoperative factors, age, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlling nutritional status score, and nutritional risk screening (NRS-2002) score were significantly associated with the duration of postoperative chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis of preoperative factors, age (≥74 years) was an independent factor for a shorter duration of postoperative chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-12.96; P<0.01). In univariate analysis of factors before postoperative chemotherapy, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative weight loss rate, postoperative performance status, PNI, albumin-to-bilirubin index, and NRS-2002 score were significantly associated with the duration of postoperative chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis of factors before postoperative therapy, age (≥74 years) (HR, 5.75; 95% CI, 1.90-19.49; P<0.01) and PNI (<39) (HR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.26-8.56; P=0.02) were independent factors for a shorter duration of postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions: Age and PNI are useful predictors of postoperative chemotherapy intolerance after total gastrectomy and may determine the treatment strategy and timing of chemotherapy initiation.