• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.167-177
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• 1997

Oocyte donation program developed to reach the pregnancy in those patients suffering from premature ovarian failure or surgery induced menopause, particularly in their reproductive age. With technical advances and popularity of ART (assisted reproductive technology), the indication of oocyte donation program extended to low responders, and even to naturally menopaused patients that has led them quite successfully to getting in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which one is involved in the decline of fertility between the oocyte and uterine factor. One hundred five cycles of oocyte donation program were performed in 84 patients from Jan., 1993 to Dec., 1996. Oocytes were donated from healthy, young, fertile anonymous donors or relatives or infertile patients with supernumerary oocytes. The study population was divided into 3 groups according to the age of recipients. Group 1 was less than 35 years old, Group 2 was between 35 to 39 years old, and Group 3 was more than 39 years old. The results were as follows: The mean age of oocyte donor was $31.5{\pm}3.3$ (range; 25-36). The mean concentration of basal serum FSH and peak serum estradiol were not different among groups. The mean number of oocytes retrieved from donors, embryos transferred to recipients, and fertilization rate were not different among groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 37.3% in Group 1, 31.6% in Group 2, and 31.6% in Group 3, respectively. The spontaneous abortion rate was 16.0% in Group 1, 16.7% in Group 2, and 16.7 in Group 3, respectively. The multiple pregnancy rate was 20.0% in Group 1, 16.7% in Group 2, 16,7% in Group 3, respectively, The implantation rate was 11.3% in Group 1, 10.3% in Group 2 and 10.0% in Group 3, respectively. All of the pregnancy outcomes were not different statistically among groups. In conclusion, endometrial receptivity does not seem to be impaired as age increases with transfer of good quality embryos and adequate endometrial preparation.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.185-211
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• 2002

We have found many beneficial effects of the long-tenn intake of Korean red ginseng (KRG) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-I infected patients, including the maintenance of CD4+ T cell count for 10 years with KRG only and the delayed development of resistance mutation to ZDV. In this study, to investigate whether KRG-intake could affect the clinical progression and nef gene variation, we determined 200nef sequences from 70 patients. Follow-up period was $8.8{\pm}2.9$ years and annual decrease in CD4+T cell was $41{\pm}57/ul.$ Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing were perfonned with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained at times during the study period. First, there was a significant correlation between survival duration and duration of KRG-intake $(36.8{\pm}38$ months)(P=0.000). There were significant correlations between the last NefProg score and CD4+ T cell count (r= 0.208, P<0.05) and annual decrease in CD4+ T cell count (r =0.346, P<0.01) in 70 patients. In addition, there were significant correlations between KRG-intake and annual decrease (r= 0.323, P<0.01), and the CD4+ T cell count itself (r=0.229, p<0.05). Furthennore, there was also a mild significance between the NefProg score and the duration of KRG-intake in only SP and RP (n=30, r=-0.281, P=0.067). In addition, we detected various defects in 21 patients $(30.0\%),$ not including 5 premature stop codons. Ten $(12.5\%)$ patients showed repeated deletion of an amino acid. Four of 10 patients were gross deletions and they were treated with KRG for more than 20 months. The number of patients with repeated gross deletions was significantly higher in the order of slow progressors $(18\%)$, typical progressors($3\%$), and rapid progressors($0\%$) (P<0.05). We also observed that long-tenn intake of KRG might make the change from A or D to T at position 54 and decrease NefProg score. Taken together, our results show clear evidence that the long-term intake of KRG has effects on nef gene variation as well as definite clinical usefulness.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권9호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2021

Background: An adequate large-scale pediatric cohort based on nationwide administrative data is lacking in Korea. Purpose: This study established the National Investigation of Birth Cohort in Korea study 2008 (NICKs-2008) based on data from a nationwide population-based health screening program and data on healthcare utilization for children. Methods: The NICKs-2008 study consisted of the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS) and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC) databases comprising children born in 2008 (n=469,248) and 2009 (n=448,459) in the Republic of Korea. The NHIS database contains data on age, sex, residential area, income, healthcare utilization (International Classification of Diseases10 codes, procedure codes, and drug classification codes), and healthcare providers. The NHSPIC consists of 7 screening rounds. These screening sessions comprised physical examination, developmental screening (rounds 2-7), a general health questionnaire, and age-specific anticipatory guidance. Results: During the 10-year follow-up, 2,718 children (0.3%) died, including more boys than girls (hazard ratio, 1.145; P<0.001). A total of 848,048 children participated in at least 1 of the 7 rounds of the NHSPIC, while 96,046 participated in all 7 screening programs. A total of 823 infants (0.1%) weighed less than 1,000 g, 3,177 (0.4%) weighed 1,000-1,499 g, 37,166 (4.4%) weighed 1,500-2,499 g, 773,081 (91.4%) weighed 2,500-4,000 g, and 32,016 (5.1%) weighed over 4,000 g. There were 23,404 premature babies (5.5%) in 2008 compared to 23,368 (5.6%) in 2009. The developmental screening test indicated appropriate development in 95%-98% of children, follow-up requirements for 1%-4% of children, and recommendations for further evaluation for 1% of children. Conclusion: The NICKs-2008, which integrates data from the NHIS and NHSPIC databases, can be used to analyze disease onset prior to hospitalization based on information such as lifestyle, eating habits, and risk factors.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Fucoidan(후코이단)은 주로 갈조류에서 추출되는 fucose를 함유한 함황 다당류의 일종으로, 항균, 항바이러스 및 항종양 효과와 함께 다양한 경로로 면역력을 향상시키는 생리 기능성물질로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 따르면, 인체 백신 분야에서는 fucoidan의 백신 adjuvant(항원보조제)로서의 가능성이 제시되었다. 수산업 분야에서는, 보조사료로서의 fucoidan의 기능에 관한 연구는 보고되고 있으나, 수산용 백신 개발을 위한 adjuvant 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 동물세포에서 fucoidan의 adjuvant에 대한 긍정적인 검토와 함께 안전성을 증명한 연구는 많이 있지만, fucoidan을 어류 백신용 adjuvant로 사용하기 위해서는 어류에서도 이를 확인할 필요가 있다. 또한 fucoidan의 분자량에 따라 세포 내 흡수율이 각기 다르다는 점과 병원체의 인위감염에 따른 항체 생성을 포함한 어류의 특이면역 반응 시스템에 대한 연구가 많이 부족하다는 제약이 있다. 따라서 이러한 분야에 대한 적극적인 연구가 뒷받침 된다면 안전하고 효과적인 adjuvant로 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 fucoidan이 사람과 동물을 포함하여 어류의 면역자극 즉 체액성 및 세포성 면역에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 검토하고, 수산업 분야에서 fucoidan의 사용과 어류 백신용 adjuvant로서의 가능성을 고찰하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the benefit of Traditional Korean Medicine as an adjuvant therapy in management of mid-trimester oligohydramnios. Methods: It is a case report of a 31 year-old woman hospitalized for oligohydramnios at $24^{+4/7}$weeks of gestation. This patient diagnosed with special oligohydramnios had no abnormal findings such as fetal urinary abnormalities or other anomalies. Also, symptom of PPROM (preterm premature rupture of membrane) was not confirmed. The decoction, Gami-danggui-san (DG) was prescribed for the purpose of reducing unnecessary contraction of uterine muscle during pregnancy and promoting blood circulation and metabolism, thereby improving placental function and contributing to the increase of the fluid. DG decoction was administered twice a day until 19th of June, which was 10 days in total. During the treatment, level of amniotic fluid had been monitored by measuring AFI (amnioti fluid index). Results: After these conventional therapies, the amount of amniotic fluid increased steadily, and eventually reached the optimal level. AFI was found to be 3.2 on the $24^{+4/7}$ weeks, 8 on the $26^{+1/7}$ weeks, 11.5 on the $27^{+0/7}$ weeks of gestation. In the same periods, EFW (expected fetal weight) was also found to be increasing gradually: 545 g, 630, and 760 g. Conclusions: Our report implies the potential of herbal medicine as a effective therapy for oligohydramnios tratment. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of TKM herbal medicine and reveal the mechanisms of the decoction.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2018

Purpose: We assessed the influence of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) on the inhospital outcomes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) infants. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with singletons born at $23^{+0}$ to $33^{+6}weeks$ of gestation at Seoul National University Hospital from 2007 to 2014. We compared clinical outcomes between infants who received ACS 2 to 7 days before birth (complete ACS), at <2 or >7 days (incomplete ACS), and those who did not receive ACS in IUGR and AGA infants. Multivariate logistic regression using Firth's penalized likelihood was performed. Results: 304 neonates with 91 IUGR neonates were eligible. Among AGA neonates, mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.78), hypotension within 7 postnatal days (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.64), and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death (aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.77) were lower in complete ACS group after adjusting for pregnancy induced hypertension and uncontrolled preterm labor. Mortality (aOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.78), hypotension (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.70), and severe BPD or death (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.92) were also lower in the incomplete ACS group. Among IUGR infants, after adjusting for birth weight and 5-minute Apgar score, inhaled nitric oxide use within 14 postnatal days was lower in both complete ACS (aOR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.67) and incomplete ACS (aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.37) groups. Conclusion: ACS was not effective in reducing morbidities in IUGR preterm infants.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.611-620
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• 2020

본 연구는 학생들의 모델링 과정에서 나타나는 창의성을 사회적 구성주의 관점에서 사회적 상호작용을 통해 학습자가 구성할 수 있는 인지적 능력으로 보고, 이것이 성인의 지도보다는 학습자끼리 서로 상호작용할 때 더 활성화 될 수 있음에 주목하였다(Vygotsky, 1978). 이에 따라 모델링 과정에서 나타나는 학생들의 창의성과 그것에 영향을 미치는 소그룹 상호작용의 특징에 대하여 질적 분석을 통한 본질적 사례연구를 수행하였다. 연구자는 실제 수업에 활용할 9차시의 모듈을 개발하였다. 연구 참여자는 한국의 4학년 초등학생 24명(남 12명, 여 12명)이다. 연구자는 수업자 및 관찰자로서 연구에 참여했으며, 수업 동영상 자료와 녹음 자료, 학생 면담 녹음 자료, 활동지 등의 자료를 수집하였다. 창의성의 수준은 'Mini-C' 창의성(Beghetto & Kaufman, 2007)을 기준으로 하였으며, 학생들의 창의성 분석을 위하여 Davis, Rimm & Siegle(2010)가 제시한 19가지 창의적 능력을 참고하였다. 연구 결과, 개인 모델링 과정에서 주로 나타난 학생들의 창의성은 정교화, 평가, 시각화, 성급한 결론의 유보, 독창성, 분석, 집중 등이었다. 또한 모델링 과정에서 학생들의 창의성에 영향을 주는 소그룹 상호작용은 '제안', '동의', '질문', '반박', '전환'의 5가지로 분류할 수 있었다. 각각의 상호작용을 통해 학생들은 모델링 과정에서 자신만의 생각과 아이디어를 표현하고, 수정하는 과정을 보여주었다. 특히 어린 학생들임에도 불구하고, 자신의 개인 모델을 무조건적으로 반영하기 보다는 다양한 창의적 능력의 사용과 합의를 통해 더 나은 그룹 모델을 형성하고자 하였다. 이러한 점은 앞으로 과학적 모델링 연구에서 학생들의 창의성에 더욱 주목해야 할 필요성을 보여준다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 제주산 쌀보리인 일반보리, 청보리, 흑보리를 이용하여 도정 유무에 따른 항산화 성분과 활성을 비교하였다. 제주산 쌀보리의 항산화 성분인 총 폴리페놀 함량은 도정하지 않은 쌀보리에서 139.99-149.90 ㎍ GAE/g, 도정한 쌀보리는 91.14-125.45 ㎍ GAE/g 범위로 나타나 도정하지 않은 쌀보리에서 보다 높은 총 폴리페놀 함량을 보였다. 또한 총 플라보노이드 함량도 도정하지 않은 쌀보리(0.89-1.01 ㎍ QE/g)가 도정한 쌀보리(0.50-0.54 ㎍ QE/g)보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. HPLC로 분석한 제주산 쌀보리의 페놀성 화합물로 gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, p-coumaric 및 ferulic acid가 주로 검출되었으며, 도정하지 않은 흑보리와 도정한 일반보리에서는 p-coumaric acid는 검출되지 않았다. Tocopherols 및 tocotrienols 분석 결과에서는 8가지 이성체 중 α-T3 함량이 높았고, 도정하지 않은 쌀보리의 α-T3는 20.68-33.09 ㎍/g으로 도정한 쌀보리 8.93-14.98 ㎍/g보다 유의적으로 높게 검출되었다. 제주산 쌀보리의 in vitro 항산화 활성 결과에서 금속 이온 제거능을 제외하고 도정하지 않은 쌀보리가 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었고, 항산화 활성 중 SOD 소거 활성이 높게 나타내었다. In vitro 항산화 활성은 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량에 비해 총 tocopherols 및 tocotrienols 함량에 더 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 도정하지 않은 제주산 쌀보리에서 높은 항산화 성분 및 활성이 나타나 이를 천연 항산화제로 활용 가능할 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2021

A 6-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog with tachypnea and dry cough was presented to Gyeongsang National University Veterinary Medical Teaching hospital. On physical examination, its respiration rate was 132 per minute. Decreased partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and hyperlactatemia were found on arterial blood gas analysis. Its diastolic blood pressure was 80 mmHg. Auscultation revealed arrhythmia. Electrocardiogram revealed P pulmonale, P mitrale, and ventricular premature complexes. Thoracic radiographs revealed mild enlargement of both atrium and moderate enlargement of the left ventricular. There was also a moderate alveolar pattern in the right and caudal part of the left cranial lung lobe. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed enlargement of generalized four chambers without remarkable findings of valvular degeneration. M-mode echocardiography showed decreased left ventricular fractional shortening and enlarged left ventricular internal diameter at both end-systolic and end-diastolic. Color-flow Doppler imaging revealed eccentric turbulent flow starting below the left ventricular outflow tract and extending into the left atrium during systole. Spectral Doppler recordings revealed a high velocity flow through the mitral, tricuspid, aorta, and pulmonic regurgitation. Restrictive transmitral flow revealed high E-wave velocity, short E-wave deceleration time, and reduced A-wave velocity. There was also low ejection velocity thorough left ventricular out tract flow. Based on echocardiographic examination, dilated cardiomyopathy was the tentative diagnosis. The dog was medicated with inotropes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and diuretics. At the 10-day following-up, the dog died suddenly. This report describes echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy rarely reported in small breed dogs.

• 청정기술
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2020

세계보건기구에 따르면 대기오염은 건강에 대한 주요 위험원으로 대기오염으로 인해 매년 약 700만 명의 조기 사망이 발생하고 있다. 이산화황(SO2)은 대표적인 대기오염물질로 황 성분이 포함된 연료의 연소에서 다량 발생한다. SO2 발생량을 감소시키기 위해서는 대형 연소 환경에서 이를 실시간으로 정밀하게 측정하고 측정 값을 바탕으로 저감 설비를 최적화하는 과정이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 미세먼지 전구물질인 SO2의 농도를 측정하기 위해 파장 가변형 다이오드 레이저 흡수 분광법 중 파장 변조 분광법을 이용하였다. 광원으로는 7.6 ㎛ 양자 폭포 레이저를 사용하였고 7623.7 ~ 7626.0 nm 사이의 64개 다중 광흡수선으로 SO2 농도 측정이 가능함을 증명하였다. 실험은 1 atm, 296 K에서 28, 76 m multi-pass cell을 사용하여 수행되었다. SO2 농도는 고농도(1000 ~ 5000 ppm)와 저농도(10 ppm 이하)로 두 종류로 실험 하였다. 추가적으로 가스 셀 외에 레이저가 지나가는 경로에 질소를 채워 대기 중의 H2O가 SO2 측정에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. SO2는 3 ppm까지 측정하였고 측정된 SO2 농도는 전기 화학식 센서와 NDIR 센서 측정 결과와 비교되었다.