• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2007

본 연구는 PI한 한국흑염소 수정란의 이식 결과를 통해 수란 흑염소의 수태율에 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각되는 여러 가지 요인을 분석함으로써, 높은 수태율을 얻을 수 있는 수란 흑염소의 최적 조건을 찾아낼 목적으로 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 수태율에 유의적인 영향을 주는 요인들은 발정형태, 수술 빈도, 이식 부위, 황체의 발육 단계, 수정란의 발육단계, 이식된 수정란의 수 등이었다. 자연 발정이 관찰되어 이식된 흑염소(59.1%, 13/22)들이 $CIDR^(R)$로 발정이 유도된 후 이식된 흑염소(36.8%, 118/321)에서보다 높은 수태율을 나타내었으며(P<0.05), 두 번째 수술 받은 흑염소의 수태율(56.5%, 13/23)이 처음 이식 받은 흑염소(36.5%, 116/318)에 비해 수태율이 높았다(P<0.05). 이식한 부위에 따른 수태율은 좌측 난관에 이식한 흑염소(49.0%, 50/102)가 오른쪽 난관에 이식한 흑염소(35.9%, 46/128)에 비해 수태율이 더 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 황체의 발육 단계에 따른 수태율에서는 $CH_1$단계(47.5%, 57/120) 출혈체를 가진 수란 흑염소에서 $CH_3(17.9%,\;7/39)$의 출혈체를 가진 수란 흑염소보다 높은 수태율을 얻었다(P<0.01). 수정란의 발육단계에 따른 차이는 난관 이식의 경우에 1세포기 배가 이식된 수란 흑염소의 수태율(51.6%, 49/95)이 4세포기배를 이식한 경우(24.5%, 12/49)보다 높았다(P<0.01). 수정란의 수는 2개를 이식했을 때(27.%, 37/137)보다 3개를 이식했을 때(47.6%, 50/105) 더 높은 수태율을 얻었다(P<0.01). 수태율에 유의적인 영향이 없는 요인들은 난관 유착이나 자궁 유착, 난소 유착, 자궁각의 크기, 황체의 수, 대형 난포의 존재 유무, 이식의 난이도 등이었다 그러나, 중간 크기의 자궁을 가진 수란 흑염소(38.9%, 122/314)에서 직경 5mm 이하의 작은 자궁을 가진 수란 흑염소(20%, 1/5)나 20mm 이상의 큰 자궁을 가진 수란 흑염소(18.2%, 2/11)보다 수태율이 높은 경향을 보였고, 배란 황체가 있는 같은 쪽 난소에 대형 난포가 존재할 경우(53.3%, 16/30)에 존재하지 않는 경우(37.1%, 104/280)보다 수태율이 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 이식이 쉽게 이루어진 경우(39.2%, 125/319)에 이식이 어렵거나(27.8%, 5/18) 곤란한 경우(0%, 0/3)에서보다 높은 수태율을 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서, 자궁각의 크기나 대형 난포의 존재 유무, 이식의 난이도 등도 수정란 이식 후의 수태율에 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 PI한 한국 흑염소 수정란의 이식 시 높은 수태율을 얻기 위해서는 수란 흑염소는 자연 발정 온 개체를 이용하고, 난관에 이식하고자하는 경우에는 난소에 $CH_1$ 단계의 출혈체가 존재하는 쪽 난관에 1세포기의 수정란을, 그리고 자궁에 이식하는 경우에는 난소에 발육 단계가 $CL_3$인 황체가 존재하는 쪽 자궁각에 중기 배반포나 후기 배반포를 이식하는 것이 가장 바람직하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

Objective : This study is to evaluate the efficacy of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for previous fertilization failure with conventional in vitro fetrtilization (IVF), compared with ICSI for male factor. Method: The author analyzed the 3 years of clinical experience with ICSI retrospectively, between the conventional IVF failure group (IVF failure) and male factor group (male factor). Surgically retrieved epididymal or testicular spermatozoa for ICSI were excluded. The IVF failure group was 13 cycles of 6 patients and male factor group was 30 cycles of 15 patients. Results: The fertilization rates of the IVF failure group and male factor group were 63% and 66% respectively (p=0.635). The clinical pregnancy rates of the both group were 23.1% and 26.7% (p=0.804), and that of live birth rates were 15.4% and 13.3% (p=0.858). There were no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The author concluded that ICSI can overcome previous fertilization failure, with the same fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates seen in patients with male factor.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors affecting survival and pregnancy rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Methods: we performed retrospective analysis in 738 cycles of frozen-thawed embryo transfers, in relation to the insemination methods, the freezing stage of embryo, patient's age, infertility factors and the origin of injected sperm in ICSI cycles. After conventional IVF or ICSI, the supernumerary PN stage zygotes or multicellular embryos were cryopreserved by slow freezing protocol with 1,2-propanediol (PROH) as a cryoprotectant. Results: The survival rates of thawed embryos were 69.3% (1585/2287) in conventional IVF group and 71.7% (1645/2295) in ICSI group. After frozen-thawed embryo transfers, 27.0% (92/341) and 32.0% (109/341) of pregnancy rates were achieved in conventional IVF and ICSI group, respectively. There were no significant difference in the survival and pregnancy rates according to the insemination methods, the freezing stage and patient's age. However, the pregnancy rate (36.2%) of male factor infertility was significantly higher than the tubal (27.2%) and other female factor infertility (22.9%). In ICSI group, the origin of injected sperm did not affect the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that acceptable clinical outcomes can be achieved after the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos regardless of the stage of embryos for freezing, the patient's age and the origin of injected sperm.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2004

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate and compare the embryonic developmental capacity and pregnancy rates in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with ejaculated sperm or testicular sperm cycles. Materials and Methods: Fertilization was examined in the following morning after IVF (group I), ICSI (group II) or TESE-ICSI cycles (group III). Fertilized oocytes were co-cultured with Vero cells until embryo transfer (ET). On day 2 and $5{\sim}7$, grades of embryos (<4- or $\geq$4-cell) and blastocysts (BG1, 2, 3 or early) were evaluated. Clinical pregnancy rate was determined by detecting G-sac with transvaginal ultrasonogram. We analyzed the results by $X^2$ and Student's t-test and considered statistically significant when P value was less than 0.05. Results: Fertilization rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in group I ($79.0{\pm}21.2%$) than in group II and III ($56.8{\pm}21.6%$ and $36.7{\pm}25.3%$). Cleavage and blastulation rate of group I ($95.8{\pm}13.8%$ and $59.5{\pm}25.3%$) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of group III ($83.4{\pm}18.6%$ and $40.4{\pm}36.5%$). Clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in group I and II (40.7% and 41.7%) than that in group III (12.5%). No differences were found in the rates of multiple pregnancy and abortion among three groups. Embryonic implantation rate was higher in group I ($15.1{\pm}20.2%$, p<0.05) and II ($14.7{\pm}20.6%$, NS) than that in group III ($5.1{\pm}15.6%$). However, embryonic implantation rate was increased in ET with blastocyst(s) among three groups. Conclusions: Fertilized oocytes obtained from TESE-ICSI were harder to be successfully cultured to blastocyst stage for 5$\sim$7 days than that from IVF cycles. However, all blastocyst(s) ET increased the embryonic implantation rate equally in IVF, ICSI and TESE-ICSI cycles.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.92-92
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• 2002

Considerable attention has been focused on the cryopreservation of semen and estrus induction in dog, as consequence of poor productivity caused by long anestrus period, in order to enhance the productivity of youngs and to preserve the breeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate semen quality after cryopreservation and to evaluate the Pregnancy rate after insemination (AI). Fifty infertilie dogs (age 2∼3 years) were selected for the study and divided into three different estrus induction treatment groups. Group 1: dogs (n=15) were given clomifene (0.1 mg/kg) orally for five days at 12 hr intervals. Group 2: dogs (n=15) were given bromocriptine (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) orally for five days at 12 hr intervals, followed by single injection intravenously of 500 IU GnRH (Group 3, n=20) when pro-estrus occurred. The rates of pregnancy in estrus inducted dogs mated naturally compared to those inseminated artificially with ejaculated fresh semen and frozen-thawed semen. Estrus detection was performed using the method of vaginal smear and confirmed by the plasma progesterone assay. The ejaculated semen to freeze was exposed to a mixture of Tris extender with cryoprotectant (Trisma, 81 mM: TES, 209 mM: citric acid, 6 mM; glucose, 5 mM; glycerol, 8%) and cryopreserved gradually by slow-cooling at 17 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen (LN$_2$) for 23 min. The motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa was assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. To assess their viability and acrosome content, spermatozoa were stained with a vital stain and Fluorescence conjugated lectin Pisum Savitum Agglutinin (FITC/PAS), respectively. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonograpy on day 25, 35 and 55 post insemination. The use of fresh semen, the pregnancy rates were observed 66.6, 66.6, 75.0 and 83.3% in natural estrus, clomifene induced, bromocriptine induced and a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine, respectively. The use of frozen-thawed semen, the pregnancy rates were observed 66.6, 33.3, 50.0 and 60.0% in natural estrus, clomifene induced, bromocriptine induced and a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine, respectively. No difference was observed in the number of offspring produced among natural estrus and treated groups inseminated with fresh or frozen-thawed semen. In conclusion, the pregnancy rate of dogs treated with a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine was more effective than use of clomifene or bromocriptine only. In addition, frozen-thawed semen can be used successfully far artificial insemination in dog.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 1997

본 연구는 Vero cell을 이용한 사람 배아의 공동배양술이 배아의 질을 향상시킬 수 있거나 또는 반복적 착상 실패를 극복하여 임신을 가능케 할 수 있는지 알아 보고자 시행되었다. 1996년 일년 동안, 반복적 착상 실패를 경험한 환자 (group I)와 이전 주기에서 배아의 질이 나빴던 환자 (group II)를 포함한 총 202례를 분석하여 대조군과 공동배양군 간의 배아의 질, 임신률, 임신유지율 및 착상률을 비교하였다. Group I 93례 가운데 34례는 공동배양을, 나머지 59례는 기존의 체외수정을 시행하였다. Group II 109례에서는 공동배양 36례, 기존의 체외수정 73례를 시행하였다. Group I에서 공동배양군의 임신률, 임신유지율 및 착상률은 각각 14/34 (41.2%), 9/34 (26.5%), 16/81 (19.8%)로 대조군 (11/59 (18.6%), 8/59 (13.6%), 12/152 (7.9%))에 비하여 높았으며, 특히 임신률과 착상률은 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p=0.028, p=0.015). Group II에서는 공동배양군의 임신률과 임신유지율 및 착상률이 각각 8/36 (22.2%), 5/36 (13.9%), 8/87 (9.2%)로 대조군 (5/73 (6.8%), 3/73 (4.1%), 3/158 (1.9%))에 비하여 높았고, group I의 결과에서와 마찬가지로 임신률과 착상률의 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p=0.028, p=0.022). 이상에서 Vero cell을 이용한 공동배양술은 위의 두가지 주소를 가진 환자군에서 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 group II에서 3일-공동배양군의 임신률 역시 향상되어 (4/15 (26.7%)), 보조부화술을 겸비한 3일-공동배양이 이전 주기에서 배아의 질이 나빴던 환자군에 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 Vero cell을 이용한 공동배양술은 반복적 착상 실패를 경험한 환자나 또는 이전 주기에서 배아의 질이 나빴던 환자에게 적용하여 임신률을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.371-378
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• 1997

본 연구는 인체 락토페린(hLF)을 우유 중으로 생산하는 형질전환 젖소의 개발에 관한 것이다. 이를 위한 모델 시스템으로서 락토페린 cDNAdhk 소의 베타-카제인 프로모터를 이용하여 형질전환 생쥐를 개발하였다. 발현 벡터의 락토페린에 대한 발현효율을 증가시키기 위하여 2개의 재조합 인트론을 삽입하였다. 20계통의 형질전환 생지를 개발하였는데 유즙에서의 락토페린 발현량은 1~200$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml이었다. hLF RNA의 발현 양상을 유선조직을 포함하여 뇌, 신장, 간 조직 등에서 조사하였을 때, 오직 유선에서만 발현되었을 뿐 아니라 엑손/인트론 경계 부위에서 정확하게 splicing되었다. hLF를 생산하는 형질전환 젖소를 개발하기 위하여 위에서 기술한 DNA를 소의 수정란에 미세주입한 후, 외과적 또는 비외과적 방법으로 대리모에 이식하였다. 한편, DNA가 주입된 수정란의 상태가 임신율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수정란을 최우수, 우수, 보통 등 3등급으로 나누었을 때, 각각의 임신율은 38.9, 15.4, 14.3%로 나타났다. 현재까지 유전자가 주입된 수정란을 대리모에 이식하여 태어난 35마리의 송아지 중, 30마리는 형절전환되지 않았으며 나머지는 현재 분석 중에 있다. 이상의 결과로 본 연구자들은 DNA가 미세주입된 젖소 수정란의 배양과 이식에 필요한 제반 기술을 확립하였으며, 아울러 임신율에 영향을 주는 여러 인자들에 대한 연구도 함께 조사하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2015

Objectives : This study is to report the effect of herbal medicine and acupuncture on a clinical pregnancy. Methods : From february 2014 to july 2014, a prospective analysis study was performed in 20 patients after taking her medicine and acupuncture treatment. Results : After treatment, two patients naturally became pregnance and one patient became pregnance after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Conclusions : This study suggests that herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment are useful and shows possibility to increasing pregnancy rates.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1999

To establish the optimal culture systems for production of transferable embryos in Korean Cattle, pregnancy rates of IVF-derived blastocysts according to different culture media, culture method and culture duration were compared. Development of IVF-derived embryos to blastocysts was most effective in YS medium group co-cultre with cumulus cells. Blastocysts cultured for 6 to 8 d in vitro showed higher hatching rate and good quality. Pregnancy rates after transfer of IVF-derived blastocysts cultured for 7 or 8 d were high. Through our experiments, it is considered that improvement of culture media and culture method is necessary for mass production of blastocysts with excellent of good quality in Korean Cattle.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회 발표자료집
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• pp.6-10
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• 2001

No. Sperm can be sexed with 90% accuracy by flow cytometry/cell sorting. No. The current speed of sexing is about 5,000 live sperm of each sex per second, remarkably fast considering that each sperm is individually sexed. No. Although fast, sperm sexing is not fast enough to use standard numbers of sperm per AI dose. No. With well managed heifers, pregnancy rates with low doses of sexed, frozen sperm are 70-80% of those with unsexed sperm with normal sperm numbers. Pregnancy rates are lower in lactating dairy cows. No. Calves from sexed sperm appear to be normal. No. Sexed, frozen semen from a few bulls currently is available commercially in the United Kingdom, and likely will be available in several other countries in 2002, probably at a premium of US ＄30-50 per straw. (omitted)