• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.838-842
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• 2007

A brain-computer interface(BCI) system is a communication channel which transforms a subject's thought process into command signals to control various devices. These systems use electroencephalographic signals or the neuronal activity of many single neurons. The presented study deals with an efficient analysis method of neuronal signals from a BCI System using an independent component analysis(ICA) algorithm. The BCI system was implemented to generate event signals coding movement information of the subject. To apply the ICA algorithm, we obtained the perievent histograms of neuronal signals recorded from prefrontal cortex(PFC) region during target-to-goal(TG) task trials in the BCI system. The neuronal signals were then smoothed over 5ms intervals by low-pass filtering. The matrix of smoothed signals was then rearranged such that each signal was represented as a column and each bin as a row. Each column was also normalized to have a unit variance. As a result, we verified that different patterns of the neuronal signals are dependent on the target position and predefined event signals.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-125
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 뇌영상기술(fMRI)을 이용하여 뇌신경활동성에 기반한 영재성 평가의 가능성을 타진하였다. 이를 위해 현행 영재교육 수혜자 및 일반 고교생 50명을 대상으로 국제적으로 공인된 다양한 지능검사(RAPM, WAIS)와 창의력 검사(TTCT-도형, TTCT-언어)를 실시하였으며 이들 중 40명의 학생을 대상으로 추론적 사고능력을 요구하는 지능과제 수행 시 두뇌활동성을 측정하였다. 일반지능(g) 수준에 따라 영재군과 일반군으로 구분하여 두뇌활동성을 비교 분석한 결과 두 그룹 모두 좌.우반구의 외측전전두엽피질(lateral PFC), 전대상피질(ACC), 후두정엽피질(PPC)에서 높은 활동성을 보였으며, 영재군이 일반군에 비해 높게 나타났다. 개인별 일반지능(g) 수준과 두뇌활동성 사이의 상관도를 분석한 결과 후두정엽피질에서 가장 높은 상관도$(r=0.73{\sim}0.74)$를 보였으며 다른 영역들 역시 비교적 높은 상관도$(r=0.53{\sim}0.66)$를 보였다. 한편 영재군은 일반군에 비해 지능지수에서는 월등히 높은 수치를 보였으나 창의력지수에서는 크게 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 뇌기능영상기술이 영재성 평가에 적용될 수 있을 것이라는 가능성을 보여주며 영재선발 시 창의력에 대한 평가 비중을 강화시킬 필요성이 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.426-434
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• 2022

Aim: This study investigates the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (GsRb1) on methamphetamine (METH)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. It also examines whether GsRb1 can regulate these effects through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with GsRb1 (20 mM and 40 mM) for 1 h, followed by METH treatment (2 mM) for 24 h. Rats were treated with METH (2 mg/kg) or saline on alternating days for 10 days to allow CPP to be examined. GsRb1 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before METH or saline. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of NR2B, ERK, P-ERK, CREB, P-CREB, and BDNF in the SH-SY5Y cells and the rats' hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Results: METH dose-dependently reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of cells with 40 µM of GsRb1 increased cell viability and reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF. GsRb1 also attenuated the expression of METH CPP in a dose-dependent manner in rats. Further, GsRb1 dose-dependently reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB, and BDNF in the PFC, hippocampus, and NAc of rats. Conclusion: GsRb1 regulated METH-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and METH-induced CPP through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF regulatory pathway. GsRb1 could be a therapeutic target for treating METH-induced neurotoxicity or METH addiction.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2017

Previous reports have suggested that physical and psychological stresses may trigger fibromyalgia (FM). Stress is an important risk factor in the development of depression and memory impairments. Antidepressants have been used to prevent stress-induced abnormal pain sensation. Among various antidepressants, tianeptine has been reported to be able to prevent neurodegeneration due to chronic stress and reverse decreases in hippocampal volume. To assess the possible effect of tianeptine on FM symptoms, we constructed a FM animal model induced by restraint stress with intermittent cold stress. All mice underwent nociceptive assays using electronic von Frey anesthesiometer and Hargreaves equipment. To assess the relationship between tianeptine and expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. In behavioral analysis, nociception tests showed that pain threshold was significantly decreased in the FM group compared to that in the control group. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus showed downregulation of BDNF and p-CREB proteins in the FM group compared to the control group. However, tianeptine recovered these changes in behavioral tests and protein level. Therefore, this FM animal model might be useful for investigating mechanisms linking BDNF-CREB pathway and pain. Our results suggest that tianeptine might potentially have therapeutic efficacy for FM.