• Educational Technology International
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.123-148
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• 2010

Relationships between students' perception of psychological distance with online professors and their academic learning achievement and their intention to continue online learning were examined. The courses selected for this study are two online courses: 1) 'English Grammar' and 2) 'TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) Preparation' offered by a campus-based, medium-sized university. This study employed a mixed-methods approach by conducting a survey as well as one-on-one interviews with students. Students who feel psychologically distant with the online professors show significantly lower degree of perceived learning achievement, and higher tendency not to take online courses any more. All the three scales measuring the psychological distance -mutual awareness, connectedness, and availability- with professors turned out to be significantly related with students' perceived learning achievement. According to the result of the interview data analysis, the student interviewees unanimously said that the university should limit the number of online courses that students can register in a semester to one or two courses. Most students regard low interactivity of online learning as inevitable phenomenon. There is a statistically significant difference in perceived learning achievement between the online preferred group and the offline preferred group. Also, there is a significant difference in connectedness and availability and no significant difference in the degree of mutual awareness between the online and the offline preferred group.

• 지질공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2001

포천 화강암에 대하여 결의 방향성에 따른 역학적 이방성 및 미세균열의 발달관계를 규명하였다. 일축압축강도는 177MPa∼212MPa의 범위를, 탄성계수는 48GPa∼62GPa, 인장강도는 6.9MPa∼8.5MPa, 탄성파 속도는 3,200m/sec∼3,700m/sec의 범위를 보인다. 이방성 비는 역학적 특성에 따라 최소 14%에서 최대 24%이며 1결에 의한 영향이 가장 크게 나타난다. 미세균열의 방향성은 결의 방향성과 상당한 연관성을 가진다. 그러나 장석 내에는 결정의 방향에 따라 미세균열들이 발달해 있어서 결의 방향과는 상당한 차이를 보이나, 석영 내에는 연장성이 매우 좋고 결의 방향과 거의 평행한 방향으로 많은 미세균열들이 발달해 있어서 석영 내에 발달한 미세균열의 방향성이 결의 방향을 지배하는 것으로 사료된다. 차분 변형률 분석과 현미경 관찰에 의한 미세균열의 방향성은 대체로 결의 방향과 상당히 유사하나, 각각의 측정 방법에 따라 약간의 차이를 보인다. 이러한 결과는 차분변형률이 미세균열의 폭을 측정하는 반면에 현미경 관찰은 길이나 개수를 측정하기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.67-93
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• 2006

Some consumers prefer online and others prefer offline. What makes them prefer online or offline? There has been a lack of theoretical development to adequately explain consumers' channel switching behavior between traditional physical stores and new virtual stores. Through consumers' purchase decision processes, this study examined the reasons why consumers changed channels depending on purchase process stages. Consumer's purchase decision process could be divided into three stages: pre-purchase stage, purchase stage, and post-purchase stage. We used the intention of channel selection as a surrogate dependent variable of channel selection. And some constructs, that is, channel function, channel benefits, customer relationship benefits, and perceived behavioral control, were selected as independent variables. In buying look-and-feel products, it was identified that consumers preferred virtual stores to physical stores at pre-purchase stage. To put it concretely, all constructs except channel benefits were more influenced to consumers at virtual stores. This result implied that information searching function, which is a main function at pre-purchase stage, was better supported by virtual stores than physical stores. In purchase stage, consumers preferred physical stores to virtual stores. Specially, all constructs influenced much more to consumers at physical stores. This result implied that although escrow service and trusted third parties were introduced, consumers felt that financial risk, performance risk, social risk, etc. still remained highly online. Finally, consumers did not prefer any channel at post-purchase stage. But three independent variables, i.e. channel function, channel benefits, and customer relationship benefits, were significantly preferred at physical stores rather than virtual stores at post-purchase stage. So we concluded that physical stores were a little more preferred to virtual stores at post-purchase stage. Through this study, it was identified that most consumers might switch channels according to purchase process stages. So, first of all, sales representatives should decide that what benefits should be given them through virtual stores at the pre-purchase stage and through physical stores at the purchase and post-purchase stages, and then devise collaborative channel strategies.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.25-44
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• 2009

본 연구는 무의결권 우선주와 보통주간의 주가괴리율의 실태와 아울러 주가괴리율에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 국내 증권거래소에 상장된 106개 기업 우선주를 대상으로 2006년 1월부터 2008년 12월말까지 우선주와 보통주간의 주가괴리율이 나타나는 결정요인에 대해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유보율의 경우 대체로 유의수준 5%하에서 유의하나 예상과는 달리 주가괴리율과는 정반대의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자본금 변수는 대체로 유의수준 1% 하에서 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 우선주 발행비중은 모든 모형에 걸쳐 유의수준 5% 하에서 유의적인 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 매매회전율은 평균 주가괴리율을 종속변수로 한 모든 모형에서 유의수준 5%하에서 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 최근의 주가괴리율은 기업규모와 우선주의 발행비중, 그리고 매매회전율에 의해 설명되는 측면이 많다고 볼 수 있다. 특히 우선주의 발행비중은 그 영향력이 가장 클 뿐 아니라 일관된 유의성을 보이고 있어 발행비중의 조절을 통해 주가괴리율이 어느 정도 해소될 수 있는 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• 복식
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• 제66권7호
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• pp.50-68
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• 2016

The objectives of this study are to identify the self-image and preferred fashion styles that Korean career women seek in different daily situations, and to propose a positioning map in accords with the findings. The study conducted a survey and in-depth interviews. The study used twenty items of self-image adjectives extracted from existing studies, and eighteen fashion style stimuli collected by examining women's wear brands. The study surveyed 329 career women. Their daily situation was classified into five situations; external meeting and presentation, ordinary work, wedding and family gathering, blind date or date, and meeting with friends and acquaintances. The analysis results of this study showed that self-image and fashion style preferences are relevant to daily situation. The image most sought in external meetings and presentation was the 'Elegant' image, and the image most sought in meetings with friends and acquaintances was the 'active' image. Women on dates or blind dates sought the 'feminine' image the most, however they preferred to avoid this image during external meetings and presentations. Among fashion styles, the 'elegant/classic' style was most preferred, and the 'sexy/avant-garde' style had the lowest preference among all the styles. 'Mannish' was preferred in ordinary work and meeting with friends and acquaintances, however, it was shown as having the lowest preference level in blind dates or dates. The 'romantic/natural' style was highly preferred in meeting with friends and acquaintances, however it had a low level of preference for external meetings and presentations. This study has significance in providing practical information to utilize in fashion industry by identifying the relationship between self-image and preferred fashion style sought by career women according to daily situation, and using the results to propose a positioning map.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.35-59
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to clarify the relationship between hair style and personal character. This is elucidated by using the standard model of their preferred hair style to their individual to their personality. The study is primarily centered around college woman, who reside in Young dong area. The research suggested that In the age group 19-25 subjects preferred their hair to be shoulder length or longer. This is in contrast to the older age group preferring a shorter hair style. Certainly most subjects under the age of 25 preferred their natural hair texture as opposed to permed hair fashioned by older subject. Difference is personality traits was not a factor here. There is a relationship between personality traits, personal background and whether or not subjects dyed or decolored their hair. Subjects responded "yes" which means that they are easily affected by the two factors. The response to the other question of which color they chose, if they dyed and decolored, was that the most of the cases preferred brown color because brown is a natural looking hair color. Their responses from the question "what kind of style they want, if they can change their style differently", they preferred a fashionable hair style. In most cases, individual responded that they change their hair style once in every two or three months. Of all the personality traits, 48.1% were adventurous, changingtheir hair style more than once in every 6 months. The main reason they change their hair style is that they are bored with their old style. In the under 25 age group, the cost of changing their hair style is usually paid for by the subjects parents, however a few responded that they paid for themselves. Over the age of 25 years 80% usually paid for themselves. Additionally students who supported themselves financially paid for hair restyling themselves. When changing a hair style most subjects consider that new hair style should go with their existing image. "What kind of image they want to show others？" almost all of them responded that they want to look sophisticated and fashionable, In the age group 25 and over who belong to the upper class want their hair to look healthy and a full of body. They also responded about their changing their hair style to show a different appearance positively,fferent appearance positively.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2001

This study explores the interior image preferred by females living in urban areas. It also examines the relationship between interior image and socio-demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, employment status, total household income. The target population of this study was 301 adult females living in Kwangju City. The data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, General Linear Model, and Duncan's multiple range test using the SAS package. The major findings of this study were as follows. 1) The majority of the females generally preferred modernity of interior image to traditionalism. Also they preferred feminity of interior image to masculinity and complexity to simplicity. 2) Females in the age of 40s were more likely to prefer simple and oriental-traditionalism image to those under the age of 30s. 3) Those with the higher total household income were more 1ike1y prefer western-traditionalism image to those with the lower. But those with the lower household income were more tended to prefer modernity image to those with the higher.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.224-234
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• 1999

An attempt was made to characterize the relationship between pretreatment processes, electrolysis conditions and behaviors of the plated gold layer. In order to investigate the effect of pretreatment processes on plating, rest potential measurements of various pretreated stainless steels and a.c.-impedance spectroscopy tests were carried out in the strike plating solution. Characteristics of plated gold layers and adhesions between plated gold layers and stainless steel substrates were examined by scratching tests and micro-Vickers hardness tests. The result shows that the strike plating enhanced the adhesion of interface, the cathodic electro-activation pretreatment process improving both corrosion resistance and adhesion strength. The preferred orientations of plated gold layers were examined by the X-ray diffraction technique. As the current density increases, [111] preferred orientation of plated gold layers was found to become well developed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.430-439
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• 2018

The preservice elementary teachers' goal orientations for science teaching (mastery/ability-approach/ ability-avoidance/work-avoidance goal) were measured. We also examined how the goal orientations were related to their images of science class (preferred/avoided). The results showed that the student teachers (75 males and 82 females) tended to have the mastery or ability-approach goals rather than the ability-avoidance or work-avoidance goals for science teaching. For avoided class, they tended to show teacher-centered components (eg., teacher: lecturing, students: watching and listening, environment: chalkboard), while rarely to show such teacher-centered components for preferred class. Regarding the relationships between the goal orientations and the images of science class, the significantly positive relationship was found between the ability-approach goal orientation and teacher-centered image of avoided class. However, the teacher-centered image for preferred class was positively related to the ability-avoidance goal orientation. The educational implications and future directions were discussed.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between color & clothing color preferences and three personality traits. Personality traits were measured with chung's Personality Scale. The questionare measuring Color & Clothing color preferences consisted of items designed to assess color preference, color repugnance clothing color preferences. These questionaire were administered to 302 senior high school girls in Seoul. Statistical analysis consisted of corelation and chi-square-test. The result were; 1) Activity, stability, sociability was no significant related to color preference. 2) Activity, sociability was positively related to color repugnance in Value but stability was no significant. 3) Sociability and stability was positively related to color preference, but activity and stability was no significant. 4) There was a positive relationship between color preference and clothing color preference. (r=0.8867) 5) The most preferred colors were white, light blue, and light green. The most repugnated colors were light red, dark red purple, and dark yellow. 6) The most preferred clothing colors were yellow, pink, and green in Spring, white and blue in Summer all kinds of colors, colors in Autumn, and Black and Grey in Winter.