• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.375-378
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• 2005

In the mechanism of beam shear failure, beam action and arch action always exist simultaneously. According to a/d ratio, the proportion and contribution between these two actions to shear capacity are merely changed. Moreover, the current codes recommendations are founded on the experimental results with normal strength concrete, the applicable range of $f'_{c}$ must be extended. Based on this mechanism and new requirement, an analytical equation is proposed for shear capacity prediction of reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. To reflect contribution change of two actions, stress variation in longitudinal reinforcement along the span is considered with Jenq and Shah Model. Dowel action and shear friction are also taken into account. Size effect is included to derive more precise equation. It is shown that the proposed equation is more accurate than other empirical equations and codes. So, it can be possible that wide range of a/d ratio is considered by one equation.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.233-240
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• 1998

A rational expression, developed to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams, is derived from the relationship between shear and the rate of change of bending moment along a beam coupled with experimental findings for the arch action. The proposed ultimate shear strength equation, arising from analytical premises and then calibrated with experimental data, is a similar form to the ACI 318 equation derived mainly from empirical approach. The proposed equation depends on the concrete compressive strength, amount of longitudinal steel content, and the shear span-to-depth ratio, and rationally reflects the shear resistance mechanism of combined beam action and arch action in reinforced concrete beams. The proposed equation applied to existing test data and the results were compared with those predicted by the ACI 318 equation and the Zsutty's equation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.287-292
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• 2003

The large-scale direct tension tests of plain concrete were performed and then the complete load-CMOD(crack mouth opening displacement) curves with a stable postpeak descending part were presented. Two independently controlled actuators were used to ensure a homogeneous increasing of CMOD in both notches of a specimen and to avoid secondary flexural stresses. It was compared the fracture energies from the test results with them from a classical prediction equation by Bazant and Oh (983), The results are indicated that the fracture energies from these large-scale direct tensile tests are large as 1.5-2 times on average against them from the Bazants prediction equation. But the tensile strength for large-size specimens was about half of the values determined from the splitting tensile strength tests for 10 by 20mm cylindrical specimens due to size effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.423-426
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• 2001

In this paper a large scale direct tension test of plain concrete is represented. Two independently controlled actuators were used to ensure a homogeneous tensile field and to avoid secondary flexural stresses. Fracture energies evaluated by a classical prediction equation and this test are compared. The result indicated that the classical prediction equation is not adequate to predict the fracture energy of large sized specimens. From this test, it was determined that the fracture energy obtained from large scale direct tension tests is significantly higher than the one obtained in wedge splitting tests on laboratory sized specimens. But the tensile strength was about half the value determined from splitting tensile strength test with cylindrical specimens.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Assessment of the compressive strength of concrete plays a major role during formwork removal and in the prestressing process. In concrete, temperature changes occur due to hydration which is an influencing factor that decides the compressive strength of concrete. Many methods are available to find the compressive strength of concrete, but the maturity method has the advantage of prognosticating strength without destruction. The temperature-time factor is found using a LM35 temperature sensor through the IoT technique. An experimental investigation was carried out with 56 concrete cubes, where 35 cubes were for obtaining the compressive strength of concrete using a universal testing machine while 21 concrete cubes monitored concrete's temperature by embedding a temperature sensor in each grade of M25, M30, M35, and M40 concrete. The mathematical prediction model equation was developed based on the temperature-time factor during the early age compressive strength on the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd and 7^th days in the M25, M30, M35, and M40 grades of concrete with their temperature. The 14^th, 21^st and 28^th day's compressive strength was predicted with the mathematical predicted equation and compared with conventional results which fall within a 2% difference. The compressive strength of concrete at any desired age (day) before reaching 28 days results in the discovery of the prediction coefficient. Comparative analysis of the results found by the predicted mathematical model show that, it was very close to the results of the conventional method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.145-148
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• 2006

Schmidt hammer and ultra-sonic method are commonly used for crushed sand concrete compressive strength test in a construction field. At present, various of equations for prediction of strength are present, which have been used in a construction field. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between prediction strength by presentation equations and destructive strength to test specimen, and find out which is a suitable equation for the construction site, In this study, a strength test was carried out destructive test by means of core sampling and traditional test. Non-destructive test was conducted Schmidt hammer and ultra-sonic method, the experimental parameter were concrete age, curing condition, test method and strength level. It is demonstrated that the correlation behavior of crushed sand concrete strength in this study good due to the perform analysis of correlation between core, destructive strength and non-destructive strength.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

In this study, the measurement system was developed for the measurement of pollutants from building materials, and specimens were made with concrete, gypsum board, mortar and wall paper. Characteristics of VOCs and TVOC concentration and Emission Factor as a function of time were assessed, and the conclusion was drawn as follows. (1) From predicting TVOC concentration decrease of specimen 7 with the wall paper attached to the concrete, the graph may become linear by converting the value of y-axis into the log function, and the prediction equation can be expressed as $y=34906{\ast}e^{-0.0093{\ast}time}$. Moreover, chi-square value was 0.83 which is relatively high value, indicating that TVOC concentration can be properly predicted if the same materials are used indoors. (2) From predicting VOCs Emission Factor decrease of specimen 7, the prediction equation can be expressed as $EF=15111{\ast}e^{-0.0093{\ast}time}$, and chi-square value was 0.83. (3) From predicting TVOC concentration decrease of specimen 7, prediction equation can be considered to be $y=254323{\ast}(1-e^{-0.1046{\ast}time})$, and chi-square was 0.994 which is significantly high value, indicating that indoor TVOC concentration can be properly predicted if the same materials are used indoors. Furthermore, the prediction of concentration decrease using cumulative value of hourly measured concentration is considered to be more accurate than that using just hourly measured value directly. (4) From predicting Emission Factor decrease with cumulative hourly data of Emission Factor, chi-square appeared to be higher than that by just using hourly data of Emission Factor directly. Therefore, the prediction of Emission Factor with cumulative hourly data can provide more reliable prediction equation than the case by using just hourly concentration directly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.44-53
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• 2010

Recently, the external prestressed concrete structures are increasingly being built. The mechanical behavior of prestressed concrete beams with unbonded tendon is different from that of normal bonded PSC beams in that the increment of tendon stress was derived by whole member behavior. By this reason, the ultimate stress of external tendon is smaller than that of bonded tendon or internal unbonded tendon. However, in the domestic and abroad code, the equation of ultimate stress of external tendon is not suggested yet, and the equation of ultimate stress of internal unbonded tendon is used instead of that of external tendon. Therefore, in this paper, after effective variables of ultimate stress of external tendon were analyzed, the analytical equation of ultimate stress of external tendon was proposed. And the reasonable coefficients were proposed by statistical work of test results of 25 beam with external tendon. Finally, the practical proposed equation of ultimate stress of external tendon was proposed with analytical and statistical model. The equation of ACI-318 and AASHTO 1994 were not matched with test results and had no correlations, and the proposed equation was well matched with test results. So the proposed equation in this paper will be a effective basis for the evaluation of external tendons in analysis and design.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2021

This paper aims to improve the current state-of-the-art in long-term deflection prediction in steel-concrete composite beams. The efficiency of a time-dependent finite element model based on linear creep theory is verified with available experimental data. A parametric numerical study is then carried out, which focuses on the effects of concrete creep and/or shrinkage, ultimate shrinkage strain and reinforcing bars in the slab. The study shows that the long-term deformations in composite beams are dominated by concrete shrinkage and that a higher area of reinforcing bars leads to lower long-term deformations and steel stresses. The AISC model appears to overestimate the shrinkage-induced deflection. A modified ACI equation is proposed to quantify time-dependent deflections in composite beams. In particular, a modified reduction factor reflecting the influence of reinforcing bars and a coefficient reflecting the influence of ultimate shrinkage are introduced in the proposed equation. The long-term deflections predicted by this equation and the results of extensive numerical analyses are found to be in good agreement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.3 s.75
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• pp.114-121
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• 2006

As one of the serviceability limit states, the prediction and control of crack width in reinforced concrete bridges or PSC bridges are very important for the design of durable structures. However, the current bridge design specifications do not provide quantitative information for the prediction and control of crack width affected by the initiation and propagation of corrosion. Considering life span of concrete bridges, an improved control equation about the crack width affected by time-dependent general corrosion is proposed. The developed corrosion and crack width control models can be used for the design and the maintenance of prestressed and non-prestressed reinforcements by varying time, w/c, cover depth, and geometries of the sections. It can also help the rational criteria for the quantitative management and the prediction of remaining life of concrete structures.