• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2002

According to the field test, the transient power transmission efficiency of a tractor driveline fluctuated in a range of 56 to 86% and the mean value was about 72.5%. Therefore, the constant efficiency model commonly used for a simulation of power performance was not proper far predicting such a variable of efficiency. In order to predict power efficiency more accurately, new concepts of the maximum efficiency and drag torque were introduced and a new model based on the these concepts was proposed. The difference between measured and model-predicted efficiencies was about 1.5% in average with a standard deviation of 1.1%. The new power efficiency model was expected to enhance the accuracy of predicting power transmission efficiencies of tractor drivelines.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.496-506
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• 1998

This paper deals with the computational modeling of buoyancy-driven turbulent heat transfer involving spatially uniform volumetric heat sources in semicircular geometry. The Launder & Sharma low-Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model without any modifications and the SIMPLER computational algorithm were used for the numerical modeling, which was incorporated into the new computer code CORE-TNC. This computer code was subsequently benchmarked with the Mini-ACOPO experimental data in the modified Rayleigh number range of 2$\times$10$^{13}$ $\times$10$^{14}$ . The general trends of the velocity and temperature fields were well predicted by the model used, and the calculated isotherm patterns were found to be very similiar to those observed in previous experimental investigations. The deviation between the Mini-ACOPO experimental data and the corresponding numerical results obtained with CORE-TNC for the average Nusselt number was less than 30% using fine grid in the near-wall region and the three-point difference formula for the wall temperature gradient. With isothermal pool boundaries, heat was convected predominantly to the upper and adjacent lateral surfaces, and the bottom surface received smaller heat fluxes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.2610-2615
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• 2021

The prediction of irradiation-induced transition temperature shift for RPV steels is an important method for long term operation of nuclear power plant. Based on the irradiation embrittlement data, an irradiation-induced transition temperature shift prediction model is developed with machine learning method XGBoost. Then the residual, standard deviation and predicted value vs. measured value analysis are conducted to analyze the accuracy of this model. At last, Cu content threshold and saturation values analysis, temperature dependence, Ni/Cu dependence and flux effect are given to verify the reliability. Those results show that the prediction model developed with XGBoost has high accuracy for predicting the irradiation embrittlement trend of RPV steel. The prediction results are consistent with the current understanding of RPV embrittlement mechanism.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

Experimentally predicting the compressive strength (CS) of concrete (for a mix design) is a time-consuming and laborious process. The present study aims to propose surrogate models based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) machine learning techniques, which can predict the CS of concrete containing nano-silica. Content of cement, aggregates, nano-silica and its fineness, water-binder ratio, and the days at which strength has to be predicted are the input variables. The efficiency of the models is compared in terms of Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Variance Account For (VAF), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and RMSE to observation's standard deviation ratio (RSR). It has been observed that the SVM outperforms GPR in predicting the CS of the concrete containing nano-silica.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.550-551
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• 2021

측위 기술은 증강현실, 스마트 팩토리, 자율주행 등에서 중요한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 측위 기술 중에서 비콘을 이용한 측위 방법은 RSSI(Receiver Signal Strength Indicator) 값의 편차로 인하여 도전적인 과제로 여겨져 왔다. 본 연구는 수신기의 RSSI 값을 입력으로 하고 거리를 목표 값으로 하는 신경망을 학습시켜서 이동하는 객체에 대한 위치를 예측하였다. 이를 수행하기 위해 RSSI 대비 거리 실측값을 수집하였다. 수집한 데이터로 합성 데이터를 만들기 위한 신경망을 도입하였다. 이 신경망을 바탕으로 거리 대비 RSSI 값을 예측하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.451-465
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• 2015

주변 해역을 포함한 한반도 일원에서 측정된 중력자료로부터 상층중력의 고도이상(free-air anomaly)을 계산하였다. 주변 영역에서는 인접국가가 발표한 중력자료가 있는 경우 발표된 자료를 이용하였으며, 없는 경우 EGM2008(Earth Gravitational Model 2008)로부터 계산한 고도이상을 이용하였다. 중력의 상향연속은 Dragomir가 제안한 방법으로 계산하였다. 상층중력 고도이상 계산의 정확성과 계산 속도를 고려하여 적분반경은 계산 고도의 10배로 하였다. 적분에 필요한 측지선의 거리는 Bowring이 개발한 공식을 사용하였다. 위도 $33^{\circ}N{\sim}43^{\circ}N$, 경도 $124^{\circ}E{\sim}131^{\circ}E$에서 계산된 고도이상은 고도 1 km에서 -41.315에서 189.327 mgal까지 변화하고 표준 편차는 22.612 mgal이다. 고도 3 km에서는 -36.478에서 156.209 mgal까지 변화하고 표준 편차는 20.641 mgal이다. 고도 1,000 km에서는 3.170에서 5.864 mgal까지 변화하고 표준 편차는 0.670 mgal이다. 3 km 고도에서 계산된 고도이상을 같은 높이에서 측정한 항공 중력 고도이상과 비교하였다. 이들의 rms 오차는 3.88 mgal로 나타났다. 항공 중력 측정 교차점오차가 2.2 mgal 임을 고려하면 이들 오차에 의미를 부여할 수 없으며, 원인으로는 이번 연구에서 발생한 계산상 오차와 함께/또는 발표된 항공중력의 보정오차에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다. 상층중력 고도이상에 완전식으로 계산한 지구타원체 외부의 정규중력을 더하여 상층중력을 예측하였다. 이번 연구에서 국내 최초로 계산한 고도에 따른 상층중력 고도이상은 한반도 일원의 상층중력장을 잘 표현하고 있는 것으로 보이며, 상층중력장은 관성항법장치의 정확도 향상 등에 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.649-658
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• 2005

Flow condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of R22, R410, Propane (R290) were measured inside a horizontal 9 hole aluminum multi-channel flat tube. The main test section in the refrigerant loop was made of a 0.53m long multi-channel flat tube of hydraulic diameter of 1.4 mm. Refrigerant was cooled by passing cold water through an annulus surrounding the test section. Data were obtained in qualities of $0.1\~0.9$ at mass flux of $200\~400kg/m^2s$ and heat flux of $7.3\~7.7kW/m^2$ at the saturation temperature of $40^{\circ}C$. All popular heat transfer correlations in single-phase subcooled liquid flow and flow condensation originally developed for large single tubes predicted the present data of the multi channel flat tube within $25\%$ deviation when effective heat transfer area was used in determining experimental data. This suggests that there is little change in flow characteristics and patterns when the tube diameter is reduced down to 1.4 mm diameter range. Hence, a modified correlation based on the present data was proposed which could be applied to small diameter tubes with effective heat transfer area. The correlation showed a mean deviation of less than $20\%$ for all data.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1408-1414
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• 2004

The use of flip-chip technology has many advantages over other approaches for high-density electronic packaging. ACF (anisotropic conductive film) is one of the major flip-chip technologies, which has short chip-to-chip interconnection length, high productivity, and miniaturization of package. In this study, thermal fatigue lift of ACF bonding flip-chip package has been predicted. Elastic and thermal properties of ACF were measured by using DMA and TMA. Temperature dependent nonlinear hi-thermal analysis was conducted and the result was compared with Moire interferometer experiment. Calculated displacement field was well matched with experimental result. Thermal fatigue analysis was also conducted. The maximum shear strain occurs at the outmost located bump. Shear stress-strain curve was obtained to calculate fatigue life. Fatigue model for electronic adhesives was used to predict thermal fatigue life of ACF bonding flip-chip packaging. DOE (Design of Experiment) technique was used to find important design factors. The results show that PCB CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) and elastic modulus of ACF material are important material parameters. And as important design parameters, chip width, bump pitch and bump width were chose. 2$^{nd}$ DOE was conducted to obtain RSM equation far the choose 3 design parameter. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) for the calculated RSM equation is 0.99934. Optimum design is conducted using the RSM equation. MMFD (Modified Method for feasible Direction) algorithm is used to optimum design. The optimum value for chip width, bump pitch and bump width were 7.87mm, 430$\mu$m, and 78$\mu$m, respectively. Approximately, 1400 cycles have been expected under optimum conditions. Reliability analysis was conducted to find out guideline for control range of design parameter. Sigma value was calculated with changing standard deviation of design variable. To acquire 6 sigma level thermal fatigue reliability, the Std. Deviation of design parameter should be controlled within 3% of average value.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop a moisture sensor for rapeseed, a bio-diesel material. A typical rapeseed, SUNMANG, was used as a raw material. The rapeseed moisture content sensor consists of three components, such as upper and bottom electrodes, a test material dish, and a fixing housing. To evaluate the performance, a data acquisition system was equipped with the rapeseed moisture sensor, computer, printer, and main board. The findings of this study were: 1) the rapeseed moisture content was inversely proportional to electric resistance, and 2) values of electric resistance were recorded in a range of $10{\sim}100\;M{\Omega}$, depending upon a change of the moisture content. The determination of coefficient ($R^2$) and standard error between rapeseed moisture content and electric resistance were 0.9921 and ${\pm}0.289$, which indicated a highly correlative relationship. The response of rapeseed moisture sensor to temperature change was also observed for further performance test. Satisfying results were obtained, such as the determination of coefficient ($R^2$) of 0.9918, predicted standard error of ${\pm}0.373%$, deviation of 0.103%, measurement error of $0.14{\sim}0.48%$, standard deviation of $0.01{\sim}0.22%$, and measurement time of 28.3 s per point, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.7138-7145
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 KS C 9306에 따른 난방 제상능력 시험조건(건구온도 $2^{\circ}C$/습구온도 $1^{\circ}C$)에서 확대모형이 아닌 실제 열교환기의 전방에 디지탈 현미경과 광센서의 발광부와 수광부를 나란히 설치하여 광센서 출력전압과 서리 높이간의 연관성을 규명하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 150개의 실험 데이터로부터 서리높이를 예측할 수 있는 선형 상관식을 개발하여 계산한 결과, 측정값의 54%가 상관식으로 예측한 값의 ${\pm}10%$ 이내에서 일치하였으며 서리 높이가 0.3mm 이상의 실험데이터에서는 데이터의 90% 이상이 ${\pm}10%$ 이내에서 일치하였다. Xiao 등의 상관식과 비교하였을 때 출력전압 변화에 따른 서리 높이의 변화를 나타내는 기울기는 2.3% 오차 범위에서 일치하였으나 Xiao 등의 상관식은 실제 열교환기가 아닌 모사 열교환기를 사용한 이상적인 조건에서 개발되었기 때문에 절편 값에서는 큰 차이를 보였다.