• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2018

This research aims to generalize the conceptual basis of precariousness of employment, study the factors and scale of unsustainable of employment in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The concept of precariousness of employment is formed in social and economic studies about 40 years ago, but objective and subjective conditions and forms of unsustainable employment existed before. This study proposes a classification of forms of precariousness of employment on 16 criteria: the duration and timing of agreements, contract terms, the nature of income; the degree of labor autonomy; the level of formality; the level of openness; the level of vulnerability; the conditions of growth of qualification; the level of flexibility; the level of stability; regularity; the severity of the danger of work; in relation to the workplace; the quality of employment, the level of social security. In this research highlighted factors (globalization, demography, migration, structure factors, shadow and informal economy, social development and living standards, unemployment), and systematized certain trends of precariousness of employment, channels and means, forms of manifestation. The empirical analysis identified of the labor potential of the Eurasian countries and new quantitative estimates of the levels of unsustainable employment in the Eurasian Economic Space.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.476-482
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• 2023

Introduction: There is a growing global interest in the issue of precarious employment. We aimed to analyze the characteristics and socio-demographic distribution of precarious employment using a summative score approach. Methods: To operationalize precarious employment, we utilized data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey and focused on three distinct dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and a lack of rights and protections. By constructing a summative scale ranging from -16 to 2, with lower scores indicating higher precariousness, we measured employment precariousness among Korean wage workers. To compare employment precariousness according to survey participant characteristics, we employed the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. Results: We analyzed a weighted number of 38,432 workers. The overall sample showed a median (Q1, Q3) summative scale score of -3 (-6, -1). The median summative score was lower for women compared to men (men: -2; women: -5; p < 0.001), as well as for young or older workers compared to middle-aged workers (young: -4; middle-aged: -2; older: -5; p < 0.001). Similarly, workers with lower educational levels (middle school or below: -8; high school: -5; college or above: -2; p < 0.001) and non-white collar workers (blue collar: -5; service/sales worker: -6; white collar: -2; p < 0.001) experienced higher levels of employment precariousness. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that certain vulnerable groups, such as women, young or older adults, workers with low educational attainment, and caregiving or low-skilled elementary workers, are disproportionately exposed to high employment precariousness. Active policy interventions are needed to improve the employment quality of vulnerable groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.677-688
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• 2022

Precarious employment is negatively associated with mental health including depression. The aim of the study is to suggest the multidimensional definition of precarious employment and examine its impacts on depression. Using the fifth save of the Korean Working Condition Survey, we first measured six different dimensions of employment precariousness: temporariness, disempowerment, vulnerability, difficulty exercising rights, unpredictability of working times, and low wage. All of six precariousness indicators consisted of a scale from 0 to 100. Then, we conducted logistic regression to examine the association between employment precariousness and depression. For men, the risk of depression increased by 3.1%, 1%, and 0.5%, respectively, for each one point increase in vulnerability, difficulty in exercising rights, and unpredictability of working times. For women, the risk increased by 0.5%, 2.3%, and 0.8%, respectively, for each one point increase in temporariness, vulnerability, and difficulty in exercising rights. Our findings suggest that not only a secure employment contract, but also their substantive labor rights should be guaranteed for health for workers.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-126
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• 2017

This study aims to examine the level of precariousness among young adults in South Korea and analyze the factors affecting their subjective well-being by adopting the three forms of precariousness suggested by Rodgers(1989) such as lack of resource, uncertainty and disempowerment as its analytical framework. Structural Equation Model was used for analyzing the path model of self-rated health, income level and social support(three forms of resource) affecting subjective wellbeing through uncertainty and disempowerment. Study population include young adults aged between 19 to 34 with a sample size of 415 using data of the 8th wave of the Korean General Social Survey(KGSS), 2010. Study population is divided into lower-age group (aged between 19-26) and upper-age group (aged between 27-34) in order to examine the differences between age groups by using Multiple Group Analysis. Study results show that three forms of resources, uncertainty and disempowerment had direct effect on the subjective well-being of South Korean young adults and disempowerment had the most significant effect among the factors. In addition, self-rated health and income level had indirect effect on subjective well-being through both uncertainty and disempowerment while social support had indirect effect on subjective well-being only through disempowerment. Results from the Multiple Group Analysis indicate that among the two age groups, income level only has a significant effect on subjective well-being in the upper-age group. In addition, disempowerment had greater effect on subjective wellbeing among upper-age group than the lower-age group. Based on the study results, this paper suggested policy implications and discussion for further research.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 2019

How to conceive fraternity in difference? I will hold two premises to answer this question. First: fraternity is an ineradicable element of the Political. Second: the recognition of fraternity in difference is a precondition for the consolidation of fraternal relations in Latin America in the context of coloniality. On the same path, I will show that fraternity must be thought of as difference in order to face the logic of neoliberal life imposed by capitalism in globalization. The articulation of both premises in the political praxis would contribute to the preservation of our life in common; in conditions of dignified existence. The fraters of precariousness and vulnerability are the ones who can re-establish being-with- and being-together.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.70
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• pp.81-107
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find that Factors in the practical application of LISMB(Logistics Information System Practice Based) on S.P(Smartphone)' Characters. and take in the whole situation of LISMB on S.P' Characters by this research and it is clear from the findings that LISMB on S.P' Characters situations and distinctiveness. Research design, data, methodology : Research model and hypotheses have been developed based on literature review and working-level interview The collected data were analysed with structural equation modeling, examining the hypothesized relationships and mediating effect. Result : The results of research are as follows, First, LISMB on S.P' Characters has a positive effect on a precariousness of operation management. but That has no effect on a precariousness of general management. Second, Consign management and User non-cooperation has a mediating effect on relationships between LISMB on S.P' Characters and general management. Third, Old version system, User non-cooperation and Unskilled in equipment new system has a partly mediating effect on relationships between LISMB on S.P' Characters and operation management. Conclusion : Smart-phon Prevalence rates keeps increasing. Nevertheless, LISMB on S.P' Characters may no be used in Container transportation market. This problem are being blamed for hampering corporate activities and harbor logistics industry development. so we need new way to solve that problem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.439-444
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• 2006

Korea Peninsula consists of approximately 70% of mountainous terrain of total area, in addition, annual average rainfall is plentiful, especially during rainy season of summer, and it is often accompanied with typhoon and heavy rain, which results in frequent landslides. Since there are limitations with existing methods to analyze extensive disasters, it is necessary to develop new remote sensing technology using an artificial satellite to study on landslides closely. This paper is written in order to establish the database with map information on various landslides using GIS, furthermore, to analyze precariousness of the areas, which are susceptible to landslide, and risks of potential areas in consideration of heavy rain, based on land-cover classification derived from images from satellite.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.271-295
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• 2016

In dialogue with the concepts of State of Emergency and Bare Life developed by Giorgio Agamben (1998), this paper explores the novel La transmigración de los cuerpos (2013) by Yuri Herrera, to see how the author builds a narrative space where the logic of the state of emergency is a detonator of the fictional plot. This analysis underlines how Herrera articulates a poetics of precariousness and violence to draw a map of desolation and despair recognizable through the cardinal points of death, fear, corruption and an agonizing will to survive. In this unnamed universe the characters' bodies are subject to violence from the State and from criminals.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.221-262
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• 2018

This study aims to explore life experiences associated with poverty and discrimination in processes of growth, career exploration, entry into the labor market, and career accumulation of the working high school graduate youths. With this exploration, we also intent to grasp their difficulties and needs, thus look for policy tasks for them. The analysis is based on qualitative case study. The results are following. Typical working high school graduate youths choose not to go on to university under the influence of unfavorable economic situation of the original families. They enter the labor market without enough career exploration and try to continue working mainly in low-income and unskilled jobs. They usually work long hours to increase incomes, thus, do not have enough time to invest on their own human resources. They locate in a vicious circle of income poverty, time poverty, and skill poverty, but rarely protected by existing employment and income support programs. It is necessary to improve or introduces policy packages including labor market transition support for the high school graduate, education, training, and career exploration support, income support for the working poor, social network support, and support for reducing the dead zone of social insurances.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2017

This study compares and analyzes precarious labor market in Korea and Japan in terms of gender and occupational class. Previous studies have analyzed precarious labor limited to the level of employment type such as non-standard workers. This study reconceptualizes precarious labor in terms of the combination of employment relations and income level. In addition. we analyzed whether there are differences in the characteristics of precarious labor between Korea and Japan. In order to analyze the labor market precariousness in Korea. we used data from the 17th Korea Labor Panel Survey (2014) and for Japan. we used the 9th (2012) data from the Keio Household Panel Survey. As a result. we could confirm the feminization of labor market precariousness and horizontal division by occupation in both Korea and Japan. Also. ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the more women. and those in their 60s or older. the less skilled service workers. or the manufacturing workers are likely to face labor market instability in both Korea and Japan. The results of this analysis reflect the fact that Korea and Japan have experienced similar changes in the labor market structure with institutionalized employment protection system based on male workers.