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A Study on Application Plan LTE Wireless Network in the Container Terminal Yard (컨테이너터미널 장치장에서 무선네트워크 LTE 적용방안에 관한 연구)

  • Cha, Sang-Hyun;Noh, Chang-Kyun
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2016
  • Amid of the logistics hub center competition is going to intensifying between the world major port, it is essential to pre-occupied the base in the logistics hub world take advantage of advanced technology of logistics equipment than other ports. In existing container terminal, when container moves the terminal use the omnidirectional and directional antenna in order to exchange data information on the basis of 802.11 wireless network system. Case of loading height of exceeding, the blind sport will occur and a limited frequency channel can't help using in the area. A limited frequency channel usage and nested areas happen to use the closed terminal, it has a great influence to operate the terminal working. In this paper, LTE network is configured provided by the specified company ('L' Corp,.Ltd) and terminal data extracted through LBO (Local Breakout) in the cell site which is configured directly with container terminal operation server. Using this method, container terminal yard equipment operate without overlapping arises with uninterrupted data presented for ways to efficiently. I would suggest both the existing wireless AP LAN configuration of container terminal and new LTE system and applied to the real yard operating devices situations. Through these methods presented comparative the existing network traffic with new constructed LTE configuration. I admired to suggest that wireless network LTE introduction is fundamental factors to get rid of the blind spot, the problem of limited frequency channel and overlapping arises. These essential points can be a continual improving terminal services and more efficient terminal operational management.

A Study of Consulting Demands Analysis in Vocational Education and Training High Schools Participating the Apprenticeship System (산학일체형 도제학교의 컨설팅 요구 분석 연구)

  • Ahn, Jae-Yeong
    • 대한공업교육학회지
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.24-47
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of the this study is to analyze consulting demands in vocational education and training (VET) high schools participating the apprenticeship system in Korea. The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, there are 9 sections of consulting that teachers in charge of apprenticeship program in VET high schools demanded. Especially, the demands for the consulting that related with 'student evaluation', 'apprenticeship program development and organization planning of schools' curriculum', 'selection and management of enterprises', 'organization of apprentices classes and student management', 'teaching & learning activities and textbook development' were relatively high. Secondly, there were differences in demands of consulting by VET high schools' current management status. By the type of organization, demands for consulting of both 'training center in main school' of organization and 'training center in common' of organization were higher than 'independent school' of organization generally. By the type of apprenticeship program hours, demands for consulting of both 'above 1400 hours' and '1200 ~ 1400 hours' were higher than 'less than 1200 hours' generally. By the type of OJT operation, demands for consulting of 'a type of OJT that is operated in long term(more than 2 weeks)' were higher than 'a type of OJT that is operated weekly' generally. As a result from above, there are some pre-requisites for the stable operations of VET high schools. 1) The apprenticeship program shall be developed not to interrupt school's regular curriculum. 2) For the smooth management between apprenticeship program and school curriculum, the academic calender has to be established so as the type of OJT operation. 3) The cooperation among the participating schools in part of the organization is unavoidable.

The Effects of Microcurrent Stimulation on Erector Spinae Fatigue Index (미세전류 자극이 척주세움근의 피로지수에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Da-Haeng
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.11 no.11
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    • pp.545-551
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    • 2013
  • This study aimed to compare the effects of microcurrent stimulation and rest on the fatigue index by applying both to subjects who had accumulated fatigue after performing short-duration physical activity. The experiment was performed at S University from December 2012 to February 2013, on 22 healthy men in their 20s, who were right-handed, and without peripheral or musculoskeletal diseases. All subjects lifted a 10-kg box lift and lower 100 times in 15 minutes. Immediately after that, muscle fatigue index (Median Frequency: MF) and blood fatigue index (Creatine Kinase Lactate: CK, Lactate Dehydrogenase: LDH) were measured by using surface electromyography. The subjects were divided into two groups, and microcurrent stimulation and rest were mediated to the experimental and control groups, respectively, for 20 minutes. After intervention, muscle fatigue index and blood fatigue index were measured and the changes in the accumulated fatigue index were compared. Both groups manifested significantly decreased cumulative fatigue after applying the mediation compared to the pre-intervention level (p < .05), the only exception being the fatigue index of the left erector spinae in the rest group. Compared to the rest group, the microcurrent stimulation group showed a significant decrease in muscle fatigue index (p < .05) but no significant differences were found in the blood fatigue index. Given the results of this study, microcurrent stimulation is considered to be helpful in muscle fatigue recovery for workers who have to perform repetitive movements lifting weights, and additional studies on the correlations of the fatigue recovery with respect to the long-term follow-up of fatigue index and mediation time are necessary.

A Study of Dance Movement Training on the Wellness of young Women (율동적 동작 훈련이 젊은 여성의 Wellness에 미치는 영향)

  • ;Lou Heber
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.538-548
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    • 1995
  • Exercises are achievement oriented, the process is frequently perceived as hard and difficult Participants drop out from exercise programs in the middle of the training period. Dance movement, which is the deliberate and systematic use of movement, is enjoyable during the movement and provides opportunities for persons to express them-selves. Regular long term dance movement may in-duce a training effect with a decreased drop out rate. Dance movement could be one way to attain wellness, however, there have been few studies to evaluate both physiological and psychological aspects of dance movement. This study focused on evaluating the effects of dance movement training on body weight, resting blood pressure and heart rate, limb circumference and strength, stress response and subjective feelings. This quasi-experimental study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pre test -post test study. Ten healthy fe-male subjects, aged between 19 and 31 years volunteered for an eight week dance movement program. Ten healthy female subjects, between 19 and 21 years of age paticipated as controls. None of the subjects had performed regular physical activity for six months prior to the study. Dance movement was created with reference to Heber's movement guide. The Dance movement program consisted of approximately 30 minutes of dance, three days per week, for eight weeks. During each 30 minute work out, there were approximately 5 minutes of warm-up dancing, 20 minutes of conditioning dance and 5 minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was at between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. Body weight, resting blood pressure and heart rate, circumference of mid upper arm, mid thigh and mid calf, muscle strength of upper and lower limb, physical and psychological response to stress were measured prior to, and following the experimental treatment. Body weight was measured by digital weight scale(Kyung In Corp., Korea). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by sphygmomanometer, Resting heart rate was measured for one minute in a relaxed sitting position using the radial artery. Circumference of mid upper arm, mid thigh and mid calf was determined by tape measure. Muscle strength of the upper extremities was measured by a grip dynamometer (Takei Corp. No.1857, Japan) and that of the extremities was measured by the length of time the leg could be held at 45° Physical and psychological responses to stress were measured using the Symptoms of Stress (SOS)Scale. Paticipants in the dance movement were interviewed by the facilitator following the eight weeks, and their thematic responses about the dance movement were recorded. Following the eight week dance movement train-ing, body weight decreased significantly, circumference of mid thigh and mid calf increased. The length of time leg - raising could be held tended to increase following the dance movement training. Resting systolic and resting heart rate showed a tendency to decrease. Total mean score of stress response tended to de-crease, and mean score of habitual patterns, do-pression, anxiety / fear, anger and cognitive disorganization decreased remarkably following the eight week dance movement. Thematic responses about the dance movement were positive following the training.

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Effect of Close kinetic chain and Open kinetic chain Position on Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Applied to the Unilateral Upper Extremity on the Muscle Activation of Lower Extremity (닫힌사슬과 열린사슬 자세에서 편측상지에 적용된 PNF가 양측 하지의 근 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Hyang-Wan;Kim, Sang-Soo
    • PNF and Movement
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of close kinetic chain(CKC) and open kinetic chain(OKC) posion on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation applied to the unilateral upper extremity on the muscle activation of lower extremity. All subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: open kinetic chain group(n=5),closed kinetic chain group(n=5). All participants were PNF patterns applied on the unilateral upper extremity in all subjects were the kinetic chain(CKC) and open kinetic chain(OKC) posion on flexion/abduction/external rotation. The hold and approximation techniques for the irradiation were applied to end range. All measurements for each subject took the following tests: pre-test, post - test in 4weeks, post-testin 8weeks. EMG data was collected from the vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscle of both lower extreamity using surface EMG system, Each EMG value in individual muscle was normalized for maximal voluntary contraction. The data were analyzed using Two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significances. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, during for close kinetic chain(CKC) and open kinetic chain(OKC) posion on PNF pattern application, all of the %MVIC values of close kinetic chain and open kinetic chain posion increased sign ificantly compared(p<0.05). Second, The close kinetic chain(CKC) and open kinetic chain(OKC) posion on PNF pattern application was significantly increased with in the intervention period(p<.05). Third, there was a no significant open kinetic chain posion on PNF pattern application of sing muscle group with in the intervention period.(p<0.05) there was a significant close kinetic chain posion on PNF pattern application of sing muscle group with with in the intervention period(p<0.05). Forth, interaction of the exercise position and muscle was also significant. Post-hoc tests revealed that the activation levels of vastus medialis muscle and tibialis anterior muscle was higher in the closed kinetic chain position(p<.05). that the activation levels of vastus medialis and gastrocnemius muscle was higher in the open kinetic chain position(p<.05). In conclusion, it was found that the application of PNF patterns to the unilateral upper extremity effect on the muscle activation of lower extremity and both open kinetic chain exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise was significantly increased muscle activity. Further studies are needed to analyzed long term effects and subjects resulting from these changed.

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Long-term radiographic evaluation of GTR treatment in intrabony defect (골연하 결손부에서 조직유도재생술의 장기적 방사선학적 변화 관찰)

  • Choi, Mi-Hye;Park, Jin-Woo;Suh, Jo-Young;Lee, Jae-Mok
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.181-192
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    • 2007
  • Periodontal surgery as part of the treatment of periodontal disease is mainly performed 1) to gain access to diseased areas for adequate cleaning; 2) to achieve pocket reduction or elimination; and 3) to restore the periodontal tissues lost through the disease; i.e., a new attachment formation of periodontal regeneration. To accomplish the latter, often referred to as the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy, a number of surgical procedures have been advocated throughout the years. Clinical studies have demonstrated that considerable gain of clinical attachment and bone can be achieved following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of intrabony defects. The aim of this study was to analyse the radiographic bone changes 2-year after GTR using a bone graft material and nonresorbable membrane. Patients attending the department of periodontics of Kyungpook National University Hospital were studied. Patients had clinical and radiographic evidence of intrabony defect(s), 33 sites of 30 patients aged 32 to 56 (mean age 45.6) were treated by GTR with a bone graft material and nonresorbable membrane. Baseline and 2-year follow-up radiographs were collected and evaluated for this study. Radiographic assessment includes a bone fill, bone crest change, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. Pre- and post-treatment differences between variables (maxilla and mandible, defect depth, defect angle, bone graft materials) using the paired t-test were examined. We observed $2.86{\pm}1,87mm$ of bone fill, $065{\pm}0.79mm$ of crestal resorption, $3.49{\pm}2.11mm$ of defect resolution, and $44.42{\pm}19.51%$ of percentage of defect resolution. Mandible, deeper initial defect depth, narrower initial defect angle showed greater bone fill, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. But no difference was observed between xenograft and allograft. Outcome of GTR as a therapy of intrabony defect was better than other therapy, but herein, good oral hygiene maintenance as a anti-infective treatment and periodic recall check of patients are essential.

Mathematics Education for Humanistic Imagination and Character Education (인문학적 상상력과 인성 함양을 위한 수학교육)

  • Park, Mangoo
    • Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.187-205
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to develop the elementary mathematics education program for the cultivation of humanistic imagination and characters through the link between mathematics and literature to find out its effectiveness. This study has verified the effectiveness of mathematics academic achievement, humanistic imagination and characters with the program development and preliminary program and application of this program for two years. After conducting classes on proportional expression and proportional distribution for 79 sixth-grade elementary school students (39 in the experimental class and 40 in the comparative class) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do under this program, the researcher analyzed how the application of the program affects students' perception using pre- and post-examinations on mathematics academic achievement, humanistic imagination, and characters, including interviews with students, and analysis of outputs of the students. Studies have shown that the application of the elementary mathematics education program to foster humanities imagination and characters did not make any significant difference in mathematics academic achievement, and there were statistically significant differences in the subcategories of "reflection on life", "positive self-consciousness" and "humanistic imagination" categories, and there were no statistically significant differences in the "purpose of life" and "human relations" categories. However, the responses from the students' interviews showed that their perspectives of humans and the world has become wider and deeper. It also did not produce significant results for characters. As suggestions, the ministry should present the need to develop and distribute concerning materials for teachers, secure time for creative experience activities for convergence subjects, and operate practical and long-term training programs for teachers.

Petrology of Jurassic Granitoids in the Hamyang-Geochang Area, Korea (함양(咸陽)-거창(居昌) 지역(地域), 쥬라기 화강암류(花崗岩類)의 암석학적(岩石學的) 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Cheol-Lag;Lee, Yoon-Jong;Hayashi, Masao
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.447-461
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    • 1992
  • The Jurassic granitoids in the study area are divided into the "Gneissose granodiorite" and the "Daebo granodiorite" (1 : 250,000 Jeonju Geological map, 1973). The term of Geochang granodiorite was used in this study instead of "Daebo granodiorite". These granitoids were studied in terms of microscopic observation, petrochemistry, and zircon morphology. The granitoids are mostly granodiorite. Two kinds of progressive variation can also be recognized in the modal quartz~alkali feldspar~plagioclase triangular diagram; the Gneissose granodiorite is in accordance with the trondhjemitic (low k) trend, and the Geochang granodiorite with the granodioritic trend (medium k). The granitoids belong to the calc-alkaline series, and are classified into the I-type (magnetite series). Plagioclase ($An_{25.1}{\sim}An_{30.9}$) in the granitoids shows generally an oligoclase composition. Biotite has a wider range in (Si, Al) solution than in (Fe, Mg) solid solution. Hornblende occurs in a few thin sections of the Geochang granodiorite, and is plotted in the tschermakite field. The zircon prism shows a long variation between the {110} dominant type and the {100} dominant type in the Geochang granodiorite, but only the {110}={100} type in the Gneissose granodiorite. However, zircon crystals in the granitoids are mostly crystallized in a low-to-medium temperature magma. In the PPEF (Prism- Pyramid-Elongation-Flatness) diagram, the Gneissose granodiorite shows a closed scissors type, the Geochang granodiorite, a opened scissors type. It indicates that the Geochang granodiorite might originate from the mixed magma with crustal materials or pre-existed residual magma which had formed the Gneissose granodiorite.

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The impact of cash holdings on investment-cash flow sensitivity (현금보유가 기업의 투자-현금흐름민감도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구)

  • Tae, Jeong-Hyeon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.1654-1662
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    • 2011
  • This paper investigates how does cash holdings have effect on investment-cash flow sensitivity in korea firms over the period 1981-2009. According to $\"{O}$.Arslan et al.(2006), I expect that financially constrained firms have more cash holdings. and financially constrained cash-rich firms are likely to have less investment-cash flow sensitivity especially in the financial crisis period. Using financial constraint classification variables(firm size, dividend, cash holdings), we divide whole sample firms into financially constrained firms and financially unconstrained firms, and then I compare investment-cash flow sensitivity in pre-financial crisis(1981-1996), financial crisis(1997-1998) and after-financial crisis(1999-2009) period. This paper's findings are as follows: First, under no financial constraint classification conditions, cash-poor firms exhibit greater investment-cash flow sensitivity than cash-rich firms do during 1981-2009 period except financial crisis period. These findings support the hypothesis that firms have more cash holdings less investment-cash flow sensitivity except in financial crisis period. In financial crisis period, cash holdings have no effect on investment-cash flow sensitivity. Second, this paper findings are somewhat different as $\"{O}$.Arslan et al.(2006)'s. Under the financial constraint classification conditions, financially unconstrained firms have more investment-cash flow sensitivity rather than constrained firms have. The reason is that both dividend and firm size are not a complete classification criteria variables. And there exists other possible determinants of investment-cash flow sensitivity. Finally, this paper find that there are common determinants of corporate cash holdings in all periods. This paper suggests that cash flow and market to book ratio are positive determinants of corporate cash holdings but short-term debt, investment and firm size are negative determinants of corporate cash holdings.

A Study on the Consolidation Characteristics Using the Constant Strain Rate Test of Remolded Gwangyang Marine Clay (일정변형률 시험을 이용한 재성형 광양 해성점토의 압밀특성 연구)

  • Jang, Joeng-Min;Kim, Jin-Young;Joeng, Woon-Ki;Choi, Jin;Jin, Young-Sik;Kang, Kwon-Soo;Baek, Won-Jin;Lee, Kang-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.33-43
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    • 2014
  • Recently, the case to construct the structure on the soft clayey ground has increased and in order to the reduction of the cost of construction and maintenance on the social infrastructure facilities we have been trying to improve the soft clayey ground using the existing methods such as the pre-loading method and the vertical drain method. Like this, when various ground improvement methods are applied on the soft clayey ground, a long-term consolidation settlement will be key issue due to low permeability coefficient of cohesive soil. According to existing research results that relate to the consolidation settlement, the loading periods for existing the standard consolidation test (Oedometer test) to obtain the consolidation parameters are needed for minimum ten days or more. Therefore, in this study, the standard consolidation test (24 hours step-loading) and constant strain rate consolidation test changed by strain rate was performed using the remolded marine clay on Gwangyang bay composed of a soft clayey ground of the south-west coast. From the laboratory test results, the characteristics of compression, strain-effective stress relations by constant strain rate and the variation characteristic of the pore water pressure by different of loading speed and the relation between consolidation parameters and constant strain rate are compared and analyzed.