• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-40
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• 2011

This research is intended to find out the causes of the career interruption of highly-educated housewives, their experiences of caring for their children after career interruption, their psychological conflicts and coping strategies, and their attitudes toward reemployment. The participants were university-graduated housewives in their thirties who have pre-school children older than 2 years. The participants in this research consisted of twenty-nine participants. The essence of this study is the belief system that career and maternal roles are not compatible. Specifically, the participants possessed a certain motherhood ideology, so they gave up working in order to care for their children, deferring their careers for a while. The participants had ambivalent feelings about working mothers, and described their children by highlighting their negative aspects. Additionally, the participants experienced persistent conflicts about developing their careers and caring for their children during their period of career interruption. The participants seemed to possess a vague sense of hope about their careers, and their attitudes toward their careers were ambiguous in the past, present, and even in the future.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate how to manage food allergy of pre-school children, focusing on the current status of the food allergy in childcare facilities in Hanam which have less than 100 children. Methods: Targeting 159 preschool childcare facilities, survey was carried out for a month in March, 2015. Recovery rate was 66.7%. 106 surveys out of 159 were available for analysis using SPSS statistical program version 19.0. Results: Among 106 facilities, 58 (54.7%) reported that none of their children had a food allergy and 48 (45.3%) reported one more children had a food allergy. Total number of children having a food allergy was 71. Among them, the occurrences of food allergy in males were significantly more than that of the females (p<0.001). Further, children under 2 years of age had significantly more food allergy than the other ages (p < 0.001). The allergic inducing foods were nuts (23.3%), egg (17.8%), milk and dairy products (16.4%), fish and shellfish (13.7%), instant foods (12.3%), fruits (8.2%), soybean (4.1%), meat (2.7%), and cereals (1.4%) in order, and 6 children out of 71 were allergic to more than 2 food items. The clinical symptoms of the food allergy were a skin reaction (87.9%) and an oropharyngeal & respiratory reaction (12.1%). Majority of childcare facilities (80.3%) didn't serve alternative foods for children with food allergy. Necessity for food allergy education was significantly higher in facilities with food allergy issues than without such issues. Conclusions: The Center for Children's Foodservice Management need to educate workers of childcare facilities and parents about managing food allergy and enforce a plan to provide alternative menu to children with food allergies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to provide basic data for future infectious disease prevention educational programs targeting preschoolers by verifying the effects of the 2023 Home-visiting Infectious Disease Prevention Class Project for Preschoolers. Methods: The study is a descriptive survey that analyzed educational satisfaction of kindergarten teachers and the activity reports of visiting teachers. The effectiveness of the education on the children's side was evaluated with a quasi-experimental approach using pre- and post-test design. Data collection was conducted from September 6 to November 10, 2023. The data from 96 kindergarten teachers, 100 activity reports written by visiting teachers, 56 children in the experimental group, and 50 children in the control group were analyzed. Results: As a result of analyzing the satisfaction survey results of the kindergarten teachers and the activity reports submitted by the visiting teachers, all questions received a very positive evaluation with 4 or more out of 5 points. In addition, the children in the experimental group showed statistically significant positive changes both in hand-washing accuracy and their awareness of immunity. Conclusion: The Home-visiting Infectious Disease Prevention Class Project for Preschoolers is of great educational significance and is expected to be a useful educational intervention that can improve infection prevention behaviors and show practical preventive effects in preschoolers so that they can be prepared for various infectious diseases in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were to assess the effect on health promotion behavior of health instruction in elementary school and to provide a basis of school health education. Subjects of this study were random sampled 80 students for control group in elementary 6th grade students. the treatment group systematically studied five sphere instruction: individual hygiene, disease prevention, first-aid & safety, oral health, health & nutrition in two hours a week, from April 20, till July 10. Each group was pre-tested and post-tested by health behavior promotion questionnaire. The conclusions as follows; 1. Compare analysis of control group and treatment group in the pre-test according to health condition of children were no significant difference physical health condition, health anxiety, disease-absent(P>.05). 2. Health promotion behaviors in the post-test according to concern quotient significantly correlated with individual hygiene(r=.249, P<.05), disease prevention(r=.477, P<.01), oral health(r=.228, P<.05), health & nutrition(r=.323, P<.01) in the treatment group, on the contrary the disease prevention, first-aid & safety, oral health, health & nutrition(P>.05). 3. The difference of health promotion behavior within & between group were as follow; 1) The difference of individual health hygiene with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(treatment group: $3.965{\pm}.568$, control group: $3.645{\pm}.573$). 2) The difference of disease prevention with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(t group : $3.475{\pm}.619$, c group: $3.964{\pm}.600$). 3) The difference of first-aid & safety with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(t group : $3.700{\pm}.466$, c group: $4.140{\pm}.545$). 4) The difference of oral health with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(t group: $3.163{\pm}.665$, c group: $3.753{\pm}.544$). 5) The difference of health & nutrition with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(t group : $3.255{\pm}.515$, c group: $3.698{\pm}.558$).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

Objectives: Tic disorders are highly heritable; however, growing evidence suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in their pathogenesis. Studies on these factors have been inconsistent, with conflicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of pre- and perinatal exposure to Tourette syndrome (TS) or chronic tic disorders (CTD) in Korean school-aged children. Methods: This case-control study used data from a large prospective cohort study. The primary outcome was TS/CTD diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean Version. Demographic, pre-, and perinatal information was obtained from the maternal questionnaires. Data between the TS/CTD and control groups were compared using the chi-squared or Student's t-test, as appropriate. Two-step logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between TS/CTD and pre- and perinatal risk factors. Results: We included of 223 children (78 with TS/CTD and 145 controls). Significant differences in the demographic data between the two groups were observed. The male sex ratio, mean parental age, parental final education level, and family history of tics were included as confounders. In the final adjusted multivariable model, TS/CTD was significantly associated with antiemetic exposure during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]=16.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-185.22, p=0.02) and medically assisted reproduction (OR=7.89, 95% CI 2.28-27.28, p=0.01). Conclusion: Antiemetic exposure and medically assisted reproduction are significantly associated with the risk of TS/CTD. These results should be replicated in future prospective and gene-by-environment studies.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate the reliability of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) intended to measure mainly nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, calcium and iron) related to growth in pre-schoolers in Korea. Based on foods with up to 90 cumulative percent contribution of the 5 nutrients, we developed a SFFQ for 86 foods. In order to evaluate the reliability of both nutrient and food intakes, caregivers of a sample of 101 children aged 4 to 6 years completed the SFFQ repeatedly at 3 month intervals. There were small differences in the nutrient intakes assessed by the SFFQ ranging from 0.55% to 9.91%. There were no significant differences in nutrient values calculated from the repeat questionnaires, except in the case of niacin and vitamin C. The Pearson correlation coefficients of most of the nutrients ranged form 0.54 to 0.75 (mean = 0.66). When energy intake was adjusted, there was approximately a 0.2 decrease in the correlation coefficient of most nutrients, due to the high correlation of energy intake with other nutrients (r=0.7-0.9). The amount of food intake differed by 0.1 to 66.4% (mean = 17.5%), depending on the food item. Out of 86 foods, 74 foods (86%) showed less than a 30% difference in intake and 30 foods (35%) showed less than a 10% difference. Only 6 (7%) out of the 86 foods presented statistically significant differences in intake. The Spearman correlation coefficients of most food intakes assessed repeatedly by the SFFQ ranged from 0.4 to 0.7. Reproducibility of the nutrient and food intakes found in this study was better or similar to those found in cases of Korean adults. Therefore, the SFFQ developed in the present study can be a useful tool to assess the dietary intake of pre-schoolers in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of unstructured and spontaeous role-playing in pro-social behavior of a child. The experimental group in this study is 7 children who go to after-school class in J. social welfare facility and the controlled group is 7 children in composition class., While the experimental group did role-playing with each other the control group did not have any treatment, In order to find out effects of an experiment pre-test first post-test and second post-test were done. The results can be concluded as following. First in pre-test the degree of behavior resulted the same in experimental group and in controlled group. However in the first post-test the pro-social behavior of the experimental group with role-playing showed an improve than that of the controlled group. Therefore it can be emphasized once more that the role-playing improves pro-social behavior of a child. Second in the second post-test done 2 moth after the role-playing it was found that the pro-social behavior of experimental group keep the improved points as in the first post-test Therefore it can be concluded that the effect of role-playing on pro-social behavior of a child is continuous.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.35-37
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• 2016

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) often develops type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related to severe obesity. The prevalence of T2DM in adults with PWS (7-20%) exceeds greatly the prevalence in the general population (5-7%). It is uncommon for pre-pubertal children with PWS to develop overt diabetes or glucose intolerance. GH therapy and genotype did not influence the development of altered glucose metabolism. It has been assumed that T2DM in PWS develops as a consequence of morbid obesity and concomitant insulin resistance. However recent studies suggest the relationship between morbid obesity and T2DM development is more complex and appears to differ in PWS subjects compared to non-PWS subjects. PWS patients had relatively lower fasting insulin levels and increased adiponectin levels compared with BMI-matched obese control despite of similar levels of leptin. So PWS children may be protected to some extent form of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Although there's no data, it seems logical to approach diabetes management including weight loss and increased exercise, using similar pharmacological agents as with non-PWS obesity-related diabetes such as metformin or thiazolidinedione, with the introduction of insulin as required. On the other hand, several recent T2DM in PWS case reports suggest favorable outcomes using Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog with regard to ghrelin reduction, control of glucose and appetite, weight loss and pre-prandial insulin secretion. The role of GLP-1 agonist therapy is promising, but has not yet been fully elucidated.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an overweight control exercise program on body composition and blood lipids. Method: This comparative study was conducted at an elementary school in Seoul, Korea. Pre and post body weight, BMI, PBF, and obesity degree as body composition and TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG as blood lipids were tested. The aerobic exercise lasted 12 weeks from April to July, 2006. A total of 168 overweight 3rd grade to 5th grade school children attended and were divided into a walking exercise group (n=68) and a rope jumping exercise group (n=38). Data were analysed using SAS 8.12. Result: At the end of the program, the participation rate was higher in the rope jumping exercise group than in the walking exercise group. Body weight, BMI, PBF, obesity degree, TC, and LDL-C were lower than those before the program, and HDL-C was higher than before the program. Conclusion: The school-based overweight control exercise program was effective. Because of the participation rate was higher in the rope jumping exercise group than in the walking exercise group, rope jumping exercise is recommended for low grade children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.597-606
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• 2010

This study investigates the change of level of psychosocial factors of decisional balance, processes of change, and self-efficacy after nutrition education on vegetable and fruit intake of children in pre-action stages. Forty-seven 5th grade elementary school children in Yeongi-Gun, Chungnam-Do were categorized into pre-action stages from a total of 71 children by four-stage questions, and then finally into two stages of precontemplation and contemplation & preparation. After 6 weeks nutrition education, recognition of both of pros and cons of vegetable intake were improved in the two groups of precontemplation and contemplation & preparation. In fruits intake, however, recognition of pros was not changed after nutrition education in either stage, but recognition of cons was improved only in the precontemplation stage. However, no difference in any psychosocial variables was found between precontemplation stage and contemplation & preparation stage. After the nutrition education, the score of consciousness raising of vegetable intake belonging to cognitive process of change increased in the subjects of the precontemplation stage, wheres the scores of dramatic relief, self-reevaluation, environment reevaluation and social liberation increased in the group of contemplation & preparation. In fruit intake, however, no change was found except in the environment reevaluation in the precontemplation group. The behavioral process of change of vegetable and fruit intake did not show any change in either group after nutrition education. Self-efficacy scores of vegetable intake of keeping the foods at hand, eating the recommended number of servings and making time to eat increased in the precontemplation group, while in the contemplation & preparation group, self efficacy scores of shopping for a variety of vegetables, instead of keeping the foods at hands, as well as the scores of the rest two items of eating the recommended number of servings and making time to eat increased after nutrition education. However, in case of fruits intake, no difference was shown in the precontemplation stage except an item of keeping the foods at hand. The results indicated that the stage of change was progressed in the pre-action stage after nutrition education and the scores of many psychosocial factors increased in both pre-action stages. It is suggested that the recognition of cons as well as the cognitive process of change and self-efficacy could be best used as indicators of the assessment of nutrition education program for vegetable intake.